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Analysis on the Characteristics and Prognosis of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Wu, Bai-Shou,Hu, Yi,Sun, Jing,Wang, Jin-Liang,Wang, Peng,Dong, Wei-Wei,Tao, Hai-Tao,Gao, Wen-Juan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Objective: To retrospectively review the clinical characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of Chinese patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 176 patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar., 2000 to Oct., 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis, including the gender, age, smoking history, family history, TNM staging, localization (central or peripheral), tumor size, nodal status, histological subtype and treatment (operation or non-operation). Results: There were 23 patients with typical carcinoids (TC) (13.1%), 41 with atypical carcinoids (AC) (23.3%), 10 with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) (5.7%) and 102 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (57.9%). The median follow-up time was 64.5 months for AC, 38 months for LCNEC and 27 months for SCLC. The typical carcinoid censored data was 18 (more than 50% of the patients), so the median follow-up time was not obtained, and actuarial 5-year survivals for TC, AC, LCNEC and SCLC were 75.1%, 51.7%, 26.7% and 38.8%, respectively. COX univariate analysis revealed that the age (P=0.001), histological subtype (P=0.005), nodal status (P=0.000), treatment (P=0.000) and TNM staging (P=0.000) were the prognostic factors of the patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, whereas its multivariate analysis showed that only the age(P=0.001), TNM staging (P=0.002) and treatment (P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Radical surgery remains the treatment of choice, and is the only curative option. The age, TNM staging and treatment are confirmed to be the independent prognostic factors in multivariable models for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
Trajectory Redundancy Iterative Learning Control
Shou-Han Zhou,Ying Tan,Bai, Zhao,Denny Oetomo 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
For tasks which require a robot to track some particular points along a trajectory (instead of the whole trajectory), there exists redundancy. This redundancy results in an increase in the feasibility in the controller design, enabling the possibility of the robot to obtain better performance by satisfying secondary objectives whilst performing the primary objective of tracking the target points. This paper addresses the task redundancy by using point-to-point learning control. It is shown to be an effective tool to accommodate trajectory redundancy since it has the ability to fully explore the increased feasibility resulting from such redundancy. Following the similar idea widely used in kinematic redundancy, a decomposition technique is used. This leads to a simplification of constrained optimization and provides a suboptimal performance in terms of secondary task while the primary task is always achieved. As an example, the formulation is implemented in an on-line fashion to enable a non-redundant robot to track a target point whilst avoiding an obstacle. Simulation results shows good performance from the proposed online algorithms.
중국과 한국의 건축공사 표준시방서 비교 : 콘크리트 품질관리 부분을 중심으로 Focused on the Part of Quality Control of Concrete
이백수,김은호,배정열,윤길봉,한천구 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.2
This paper investigates and compares the architectural standard specifications between Korea(KASS) and China(CASS), especially focused on quality control, in order to help construction engineer understand the both regulations. According to results, in case of KASS, specimens for compressive strength test is cylindrical type with 2 times of diameter to height. Quality inspection is regulated to be performed 1 times per 150㎥ of concrete. However, in case of CASS, cubic type specimens with 150㎜ of length is used. Quality inspection is regulated to be performed 1 times every 100th batch at least 100㎥.
현무암골재를 이용한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구
이백수,김상우,윤기원,류현기,한천구 대한건축학회 2000 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.20 No.2
The objective of this paper is to investigate mechanical properties of concrete using granite stone produced from continent and basalt produced from cheju island. According to experimental results, Compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete using basalt show to be less than those using granite stone by about 10∼12% repectively, while dynamic modulus of elasticity show reverse tendency. Relations of C/W and Compressive strength, tensile strength, modules of elasticity and dynamic modules of elasticity, which is capable of applying mixing design, are provided in Fig 4, 5, and Table 5.
이백수,윤길봉,한천수 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.1
In this paper, prescription on the architectural standard specifications between China(CASS) and Korea(KASS) are compared focused on the part of transportation, placing, compacting and curing. According to the research, there are a lot of differences between KASS and CASS. In CASS, time limitation from discharging concrete to completing placement of concrete, transportation, placing and continuous placing time limit are provided in accordance with strength level such as below C30 and above C30. There are no provisions related to special purpose concrete in CASS.
현무암골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 연구
한천구,이백수 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2001 産業科學硏究 Vol.19 No.1
This paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete using basalt aggregate A with large void, basalt aggregate B with small void and granite aggregates, respectively. According to test results, compressive, tensile and elastic modules of concrete using basalt aggregate are larger than those using granite aggregates by 10%, 10% and 12%, But, dynamic elastic modules of concrete using basalt aggregate is lower than that using granite aggregate.
현무암골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 초음파법 비파괴 시험에 의한 강도 평가
김상우,표대수,이백수,류현기,한천구 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.1
The objective of this study is to compare compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete using basalt aggregate to that using granite aggregate. And is to provide the reference data on the standardization of nondestructive test of concrete. According to test results, compressive strength of concrete using basalt aggregate is highly estimated under the same ultrasonic pulse velocity comes to that using granite aggregate about 1.5-2times. It is urgently that new by suggested estimation formula of compressive strength using basalt aggregate must be prescribed because estimation formula of compressive strength of concrete using basalt aggregates overestimates the strength compared to that using granite aggregate.
현무암골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 연구
김상우,홍상희,이백수,반호용,한천구 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.1
The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete, using granite stone produced from continent and basalt produced from cheju island and to provide the fundamental data on mixing design and quality control of concrete produced from cheju. According to experimental results. sand to aggregate ratio basalt concrete is recommended to be increased about 1∼4% compared to that of granite concrete, and correction factors of basalt in air content test is about 1∼2%. When basalt aggregate is applied to concrete, compressive, tensile strength and elasticity modulus is shown to be higher about 10∼15%, while reverse ter by is shown in dynamic modulus of elasticity.