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Review : Production of Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives
( Mohammed N. Baeshen ),( Ahmed M. Al Hejin ),( Roop S. Bora ),( Mohamed M. M. Ahmed ),( Hassan A. I. Ramadan ),( Kulvinder S. Saini ),( Nabih A. Baeshen ),( Elrashdy M. Redwan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7
Escherichia coli is the most preferred microorganism to express heterologous proteins for therapeutic use, as around 30% of the approved therapeutic proteins are currently being produced using it as a host. Owing to its rapid growth, high yield of the product, costeffectiveness, and easy scale-up process, E. coli is an expression host of choice in the biotechnology industry for large-scale production of proteins, particularly non-glycosylatedproteins, for therapeutic use. The availability of various E. coli expression vectors and strains, relatively easy protein folding mechanisms, and bioprocess technologies, makes it very attractive for industrial applications. However, the codon usage in E. coli and the absence ofpost-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and proteolytic processing, limit its use for the production of slightly complex recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Several new technological advancements in the E. coli expression system to meet the biotechnology industry requirements have been made, such as novel engineered strains,genetically modifying E. coli to possess capability to glycosylate heterologous proteins an express complex proteins, including full-length glycosylated antibodies. This review summarizes the recent advancements that may further expand the use of the E. coli expression system to produce more complex and also glycosylated proteins for therapeutic use in the future.
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The Impact of Guerrilla Marketing on Brand Image: Evidence from Millennial Consumers in Pakistan
Yasir Ali SOOMRO,Yasser BAESHEN,Fozan ALFARSHOUTY,Sana Abbas KAIMKHANI,Muhammad Yaseen BHUTTO 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
This study is an empirical investigation of the effectiveness of guerrilla-marketing techniques in creating a positive brand image among generation Y (millennial) consumers. Five guerrilla techniques practiced by companies—such as viral marketing (EWOM), stealth marketing, ambush, graffiti, and clickbait ads—were studied, and hypotheses were proposed. This study adopted a quantitative approach and a questionnaire using the non-probability sampling technique was developed to collect data and self-administered to 248 millennial respondents on various university campuses. The data collected were analyzed through structured modeling on AMOS. The findings of this research revealed that guerrilla marketing affects symbolic and experiential brand image. Further, the results revealed that stealth marketing, graffiti, and click bait advertising were found to be influential on both symbolic and experiential brand images. As an exception, the hypotheses for ambush marketing were found to have no significant influence on the brand image (symbolic and experiential). Moreover, ambush technique in campaigns may have a negative impact on the brand image. Conversely, the study found that clickbait ads had a significantly negative influence on experiential brand image. Consequently, the results of this study strengthen past findings and concluded that guerrilla marketing techniques are beneficial communication tools in the limited marketing budgets.
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Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia
Karim, Syed Mustafa,Baeshen, Wijdan,Neamatullah, Syed Nehal,Bin, Bakr Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9
Background: Several studies have examined the relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, abortions and breast cancer, with mixed results. Hormonal changes associated with OCP use and abortion may increase risk of breast cancer over time, but there is a lack of studies studying this association in Saudi Arabian women. Materials and Methods: We thererfore conducted a case control study in 192 women (92 as cases and 100 as controls), aged 30 to 65, and collected information on variables including examples related to study objectives and those which may confound findings. The Chi square test was used to detect associations between various factors and risk of breast cancer. Results: We found no evidence of interaction between history of abortion or frequency of abortion and breast cancer risk (Chi square=0.422, p =0.420 and 1, p =0.169) respectively. Oral contraceptives did not confer risk for breast cancer overall (OR=0.276, 95%CI 0.092-0.829, p=0.524), while long term use of OCP was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR=0.297, 95%CI 0.158-0.557, p=0.001), with higher association for those who used 10 years or more of OCPs (OR=0.282, 95%CI 0.095-0.835, p=0.02). Age at first use of OCPs had no effect on breast cancer risk (p=0.452) or age at diagnosis (p=0.074). Conclusions: Prolonged use of OC (more than 10 years) may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Saudi women. Larger population based studies are needed to confirm this finding in this population.
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SOOMRO, Yasir Ali,BHUTTO, Muhammad Yaseen,ERTZ, Myriam,SHAIKH, Ahsan-ul-Haq,BAESHEN, Yasser,Al BATATI, Bader Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6
This research aims to construct a model that combines brand love, brand loyalty, brand image, customer satisfaction, and service quality into a single model, with brand loyalty coming foremost, and test its predictive power in building brand love. Moreover, mediating effect of customer satisfaction and brand image on service quality and brand loyalty affecting brand love was checked. The study adopted an alliance context using an existing SERVQUAL model, a bi-dimensional aspect of brand loyalty and parasocial love relationship theory, to identify brand love as a construct or outcome in the consumer-brand relationship. Using a quantitative approach, survey questionnaires were distributed by unrestricted random sampling among 507 Saudia Airlines customers. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3.0. The results revealed significant relationships between four variables except for the brand image. It was found that brand image had no mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. The outcome of this study highlights the importance of airline alliances for service quality, which leads to positive customer satisfaction, brand image, and customer loyalty. A unique contribution of the study is that it revealed that brand loyalty is also an antecedent of brand love.
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