개발제한구역 재조정과 환경적·도시적 여건의 영향

최열,이백호 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 2002 都市硏究報 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of environment, urban condition, and spatial policy etc., in accordance with readjustment of restricted development. The system of development-restricted zone (greenbelt zone hereinafter)was introduced to Korea in 1971. It has contributed to preventing the disorderly expansion of cities. However, it has occurred many problems in the course of implementation due to its strict application. Thus, readjustment has been issued in 1998, and major phenomena changes of that will be as follows. Firstly, the designated greenbelt zones will be completely lifted in 7 small and medium-sized cities. Secondly, the greenbelt zones in 7 metropolitan areas will be partially deregulated according to the results of environment impact, urban condition, and spatial policy. Thirdly, the areas irrationally included in greenbelt zones such as large settlement areas will have the possibilities of excepting from the regulations. This study is analysed for the greenbelt zone of 7 metropolitan areas. The readjustment of greenbelt is empirically analysed by the method of multiple regression analysis. All independent variables for readjustment of greenbelt zone proved to be statistically significant. Especially, the area of D and E grade in environment evaluation, build-up area per population, and greenbelt area per administrative area related positively with the reradjustment of greenbelt, while it showed that the spatial policy had negative relations with that.

單獨住宅地내 商業施設 분포 특성 및 住居環境 管理方案 : 昌原市 單獨住宅地를 中心으로 A Case of Changwon City

최열,이백호,최재도 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 2003 都市硏究報 Vol.14 No.-

Changwon national industrial park was constructed as a national policy leading to industrial development of Korea in 1970s. The complex was divided into explicitly several land uses such as industrial area, residential area, commercial area, and green area. Especially, in single-detached housing area, planned in according to neighbourhood concept, commercial facilities have not permitted. Therefore, residents of single-detached housing area have suffered from inconvenience for use of commercial facility. The purpose of this study is to propose a control-device of single-detached housing area, after surveying and analysing commercial mixed used and its invasion upon dwelling area in Changwon. The problems according to invasion of commercial uses, urban management in single-detached housing area are following: ① The scale of neighborhood is excessively large. ② The uses of neighbourhood facilities are inconvenient. ③ Parking area is not enough, because of an increase of automobile and a confused commercial use. ④ It is a confused residential environment by parking on the road. ⑤ It is a integrated lack of policy for an illegal change of land use. To deal with these problems, therefore, we suggest some alternative for the improvement of residential environment as followings: ① It is to permit the commercial use beyond a determined facility, a partition and combination of lot in a single-detached housing area. ② It is to improve the facility and signboard on the road by a reasonable management plan of environment. ③ It is to improve environment of parking. That is to apply incentive regulation by the building-to-land ratio or the rate of building volume to lot. ④ It is to perform an integrated policy for use in single-detached housing area. ⑤ It is to replace a suitable resident area and neighbourhood facility by a plan of redevelopment in long-term.

동형 모더나이트 상에서 일산화탄소 산화반응에 대한 속도론

정명수,이창용,최고열,하백현 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1989 環境科學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

모더나이트에 동을 이온교환 및 담지시킨 후 환원·산화 처리를 하여 동의 상태를 변화시킨 촉매에 대해 일산화탄소 산화반응의 속도론적인 고찰을 행하였다. 이온교환 촉매나 담지촉매 모두 동의 상태와는 관계없이 일산화탄소에 관한 반응차수는 1차이고 산소에 관한 반응차수는 0차였다. 이온교환 촉매의 경우는 수소로 환원시켜 동이 금속상태로 존재할때와 이를 재산화시켜 산화동 상태로 존재할때는 활성화에너지가 각각 16.4 및 20.3으로 비교적 큰 값을 나타냈으나 동의 담지촉매의 경우는 동이 금속일 때나 산화물 상태 모두 12∼13kcal/mole로 비슷한 값을 나타냈으며 이온교환 촉매보다 상당히 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 이온교환 촉매의 경우는 동이 제올라이트내부에 대부분 존재하는 반면, 담지촉매의 경우는 제올라이트 결정 표면에 존재하기 때문에 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다. Kinetics of oxidation of carbon monoxide over copper mordenite was carried out at the temperature range between 373K-443K in the micro-catalytic reactor. The experimental results indicated that the reaction order, with respect to carbon monoxide and oxygen was first and zero order respectively, regardless of the valence states such as copper metal, copper ion and copper oxide on the mordenite. The activation energy for metal-copper mordenite which is obtained by the ion-exchange revealed 20kcal/mol. But if this was reoxidized under the oxygen it decreased to 16.6kcal/mol. The activation energy of metal-copper mordenite which was obtained by impregnation and its reoxidized one under the oxygen were 12.2kcal/mol and 13.3kcal/mol respectively.

뼈에 발생한 악성 림프종 환자의 치료 효과 판정에서 ^(18)F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography의 유용성

김남돈,박연희,기승석,박용진,김형준,류백렬,김흥태,김성은,천기정,최창운,임상무 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.5

원발성골림프종은 매우 드문 질환이기는 하나, 복합항암요법이나 방사선 치료등에 높은 반응율을 보이며, 좋은 예후를 가지는 림프절의 비호지킨 림프종의 일종이다. 그러나, 치료 효과 판정에 있어 골병변의 특이성에 의한 모호한 방사선학적 특징으로 어려움이 있어 왔다. 본 증례는 위와 같은 원발성골림프종 환자에서 PET 스캔을 사용하여 민감하게 완전 반응을 평가할 수 있었던 예로, 앞으로 다른 고식적인 방법과 함께 이 질환의 진단과 치료 평가 있어 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 전망할 수 있었다. Purpose: Accurate assessment of the lesion after treatment of patients with bone lymphoma is difficult. In this patient who demonstrated complete remission after chemotherapy, the regions of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (^(18)FFDG)PET uptake diminished more rapidly following therapy, indicating a complete response at much earlier stage than did Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or CT based findings. With the conventional methods, such as MRI and CT. It was difficult to assess whether the residual tumor tissue was viable or not. Decision to complete response is very important in patients with ymphoma to plan the further treatment. We experienced a patient with primary lymphoma of bone who revealed complete response to chemotherapy on ^(18)FFDGPET while CT showed persistent destructive bone lesion. Thus, ^(18)FFDGPET study after therapy may be superior to CT in the evaluation of response to treatment in primary lymphoma of bone.

Specific and Sensitive Primers Developed by Comparative Genomics to Detect Bacterial Pathogens in Grains

Baek, Kwang Yeol,Lee, Hyun-Hee,Son, Geun Ju,Lee, Pyeong An,Roy, Nazish,Seo, Young-Su,Lee, Seon-Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.2

Accurate and rapid detection of bacterial plant pathogen is the first step toward disease management and prevention of pathogen spread. Bacterial plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pss), and Rathayibacter tritici (Rt) cause Goss's bacterial wilt and blight of maize, Stewart's wilt of maize and spike blight of wheat and barley, respectively. The bacterial diseases are not globally distributed and not present in Korea. This study adopted comparative genomics approach and aimed to develop specific primer pairs to detect these three bacterial pathogens. Genome comparison among target pathogens and their closely related bacterial species generated 15-20 candidate primer pairs per bacterial pathogen. The primer pairs were assessed by a conventional PCR for specificity against 33 species of Clavibacter, Pantoea, Rathayibacter, Pectobacterium, Curtobacterium. The investigation for specificity and sensitivity of the primer pairs allowed final selection of one or two primer pairs per bacterial pathogens. In our assay condition, a detection limit of Pss and Cmn was $2pg/{\mu}l$ of genomic DNA per PCR reaction, while the detection limit for Rt primers was higher. The selected primers could also detect bacterial cells up to $8.8{\times}10^3cfu$ to $7.84{\times}10^4cfu$ per gram of grain seeds artificially infected with corresponding bacterial pathogens. The primer pairs and PCR assay developed in this study provide an accurate and rapid detection method for three bacterial pathogens of grains, which can be used to investigate bacteria contamination in grain seeds and to ultimately prevent pathogen dissemination over countries.

Twelve-month clinical outcomes of acute non-ST versus ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with reduced preprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Baek, Ju Yeol,Kang, Tae Soo,Rha, Seung-Woon,Choi, Byoung Geol,Park, Sang Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2018 Coronary artery disease Vol.29 No.5

<P>BackgroundReduced preprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is known to be associated with increased mortality. However, clinical implications of reduced preprocedural TIMI flow in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) have not been fully elucidated as yet. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical influence of reduced preprocedural TIMI flows between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsFrom the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, a total of 7336 AMI patients with angiographically confirmed reduced preprocedural TIMI flow (TIMI 0/1) during PCI were selected and divided into STEMI (n=4852) and NSTEMI (n=2484) groups. The 12-month composite of total death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, and repeated PCI was compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter adjustment of baseline confounders by propensity score stratification, the NSTEMI group had lower incidences of major adverse cardiac events than the STEMI group (7.15 vs. 11.19%; hazard ratio: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.47-0.84; P=0.001) at 12 months, which was largely attributable to the lower incidences of total deaths (2.43 vs. 3.99%; P=0.04) and repeated PCI (3.81 vs. 6.41%; P=0.01).ConclusionAmong AMI patients with TIMI 0/1, patients with NSTEMI had better outcomes compared with those of patients with STEMI on the basis of the incidences of 12-month outcomes. This could be attributable to lower total death and repeated revascularization in patients with NSTEMI.</P>

Room-Temperature Ring-Opening of Quinoline, Isoquinoline, and Pyridine with Low-Valent Titanium

Baek, Seung-yeol,Kurogi, Takashi,Kang, Dahye,Kamitani, Masahiro,Kwon, Seongyeon,Solowey, Douglas P.,Chen, Chun-Hsing,Pink, Maren,Carroll, Patrick J.,Mindiola, Daniel J.,Baik, Mu-Hyun American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.36

<P>The complex (PNP)Ti=(CHBu)-Bu-t((CH2Bu)-Bu-t) (PNP = N[2-P(i)p(r2)-4-methylphenyl](2-)) dehydrogenates cyclohexane to cyclohexene by forming a transient low-valent titanium-alkyl species, [(PNP)Ti((CH2Bu)-Bu-t)], which reacts with 2 equiv of quinoline (Q) at room temperature to form (H3CBu)-Bu-t and a Ti(IV) species where the less hindered C-2=N-1 bond of Qis ruptured and coupled to another equivalent of Q, The product isolated from this reaction is an imide with a tethered cycloamide group, (PNP)Ti=N[C18H13N] (1). Under photolytic conditions, intramolecular C-H bond activation across the imide moiety in 1 occurs to form 2, and thermolysis reverses this process. The reaction of 2 equiv of isoquinoline (Iq) with intermediate [(PNP)Ti((CH2Bu)-Bu-t)] results in regioselective cleavage of the C-I=N-2 and C-1-H bonds, which eventually couple to form complex 3, a constitutional isomer of 1. Akin to 1, the transient [(PNP)Ti((CH2Bu)-Bu-t)] complex can ring-open and couple two pyridine molecules, to produce a close analogue of 1, complex (PNP)Ti=N[C10H9N] (4). Multinudear and multidimensional NMR spectra confirm structures for complexes 1-4, whereas solid-state structural analysis reveals the structures of 2, 3, and 4. DFT calculations suggest an unprecedented Mechanism for ring-opening of Q wheat the reactive intermediate in the low-spin manifold crosses over to the high-spin surface to access a low-energy transition state but returns to the low-spin surface immediately. This double spin-crossover constitutes a rare example of a two-state reactivity, which is key for enabling the reaction at room temperature. The regioselective behavior of Iq ring-opening is found to be due to electronic effects, where the aromatic resonance of the bicycle is maintained during the key C-C coupling event.</P>

A Retrospective Analysis of Ruptured Breast Implants

Baek, Woo Yeol,Lew, Dae Hyun,Lee, Dong Won Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6

Background Rupture is an important complication of breast implants. Before cohesive gel silicone implants, rupture rates of both saline and silicone breast implants were over 10%. Through an analysis of ruptured implants, we can determine the various factors related to ruptured implants. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 72 implants that were removed for implant rupture between 2005 and 2014 at a single institution. The following data were collected: type of implants (saline or silicone), duration of implantation, type of implant shell, degree of capsular contracture, associated symptoms, cause of rupture, diagnostic tools, and management. Results Forty-five Saline implants and 27 silicone implants were used. Rupture was diagnosed at a mean of 5.6 and 12 years after insertion of saline and silicone implants, respectively. There was no association between shell type and risk of rupture. Spontaneous was the most common reason for the rupture. Rupture management was implant change (39 case), microfat graft (2 case), removal only (14 case), and follow-up loss (17 case). Conclusions Saline implants have a shorter average duration of rupture, but diagnosis is easier and safer, leading to fewer complications. Previous-generation silicone implants required frequent follow-up observation, and it is recommended that they be changed to a cohesive gel implant before hidden rupture occurs.

K-2 시티: 스마트그린 라이프스타일 시티

백한열(Baek, Han Yeol),이희재(Lee, Hee Jae) 한국도시설계학회 2023 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.24 No.3

도심지 지속가능한 도로설계 연구 -동시대 유럽 대도시 사례분석 및 대전 중앙로 설계안을 중심으로-

백한열 ( Baek Han Yeol ),이희재 ( Lee Hee Jae ) 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.8

(연구배경 및 목적) 도시에서 인간 활동으로 인한 온실가스 발생은 전 세계적 기후변화에 주요한 원인 중 하나이다. 이와 더불어 지속가능성 및 지속가능한 개발이라는 개념은 동시대 사회의 여러 분야에서 광범위하게 논의되고 있다. 특히 국내의 다수 도심지의 경우 차량도로 중심의 구조로 인해 보행환경이 취약하고 이에 따른 활동 및 기능 저하가 지역사회 차원의 문제로 대두되었다. 이에 본 논문은 도심지 내 지속가능한 도로의 구체적 설계방안을 논의함으로써 공간디자인 차원의 시사점을 도출하는 것에 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 본 논문은 유럽 대도시의 사례분석과 대전 원도심에 위치한 중앙로의 도로설계안을 중심으로 서술되었고, 다음의 연구방법 및 프로세스를 통해 수행되었다. 첫째, 이론적 고찰로써 지속가능성의 정의와 지속가능건축 인증제도를 이해하고, 지속가능한 도로에 관한 선행연구를 검토하였다. 둘째, 동시대의 관점에서 유럽 대도시의 도로설계 선행사례를 분석하였고, 구체적 대상은 독일 베를린의 마센슈트라세, 스페인 바르셀로나의 산트 안토니 수페릴라, 네덜란드 암스테르담의 디스텔베흐이다. 셋째, 대전 중앙로의 현황 및 기본방향을 파악하며 단계별 개발전략을 도로설계안으로 제안함과 동시에 지속가능성 평가를 실시하였다. (결과) 대전 중앙로 도로설계안의 지속가능성 평가를 참여형 워크숍, 공개전시회 등 시민, 학생, 관련 전문가 의견을 통해 논의하였고, 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방문객의 보행과 휴식이 가능한 거리공원, 광장 등을 조성하는 본 설계안은 대상지의 질적 환경을 개선하는 방향으로 발전하는 것이기에 환경적 지속가능성에 긍정적이다. 둘째, 본 설계안의 현실화를 통해 방문객을 확대할 수 있다면 대상지 내 상권 활성화에 크게 기여할 것이고, 무엇보다 보행의 접근성을 높이는 구조를 통해 개편된다면 방문객이 오래 머물 수 있다는 측면에서 경제적 지속가능성이 예측될 수 있다. 셋째, 본 설계안을 통해 지역사회의 사회계층적, 공간적 갈등을 축소하는 방향으로 도로를 재조성할 수 있기에 사회적 지속가능성을 적극적으로 도모하는 것이라 평가된다. (결론) 본 논문에서 주목하였던 유럽 대도시 사례분석 결과와 이를 바탕으로 계획한 대전 중앙로의 도로설계안 제시 및 평가 프로세스는 도시재생 활성화를 위한 지속가능성의 환경적, 경제적, 사회적 가치 차원에서 주목할 수 있다. 이는 향후 지방정부 정책수립의 방향설정 시 활용될 수 있고, 대상지의 역사적, 문화적, 상업적 지역자원의 적용방안을 시뮬레이션 결과로써 논의하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. (Background and Purpose) Greenhouse gas emission caused by human activities in cities is one of the significant issues of global climate change. Besides, concepts of sustainability and sustainable development are widely discussed in many fields of contemporary society. In particular, in many urban areas in Korea, the pedestrian environment is vulnerable due to the vehicle-oriented structure, and a resulting decline in activities and functions has emerged as a problem at the community level. Thus, this paper aims to derive implications from the perspective of spatial design by discussing the specific design plan for sustainable streets in the urban area. (Method) This paper focused on the case analysis of large European cities and the street design plan of Jungang-ro in Daejeon and carried out through the following research methods and processes. First, as a theoretical consideration, the definition of sustainability and the certification system of sustainable buildings were reviewed with a step for advanced research analysis. Second, the contemporary cases for related areas in the European cities were examined. The detailed targets are Massenstrasse in Berlin, Germany; Superilla Peatonal Sant Antoni in Barcelona, Spain; and Distelweg in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Third, the current status and basic design direction of the Jungang-ro in Daejeon were identified, and sequential development strategies were proposed as a street design plan with its sustainability evaluation. (Results) The sustainability evaluation for the street design plan of the Jungang-ro was discussed based on the opinions of citizens, students, and related experts in the participatory workshops and exhibitions. First, the design plan to create street parks and plazas where visitors can walk and relax is positive for environmental sustainability since it improves the qualitative environment of the target site. Second, if the number of visitors can be expanded from the design proposal and its implementation, it will significantly contribute to the revitalization of commercial areas in the target site. Consequently, economic sustainability can be predicted in terms of allowing visitors to stay longer with the better street structure and accessibility system. Third, it is evaluated that the design proposal promotes social sustainability because the street can be created by reducing social class and spatial conflicts in the local community. (Conclusions) The results of this paper with a design and European case analysis can be noted in terms of the environmental, economic, and social values of sustainability for urban regeneration in the city. Plus, they are possible to be utilized by the local government when the related policies are established in the future. At the same time, applying historical, cultural, and commercial resources in the city with the design simulation process has great academic significance.