독일과 우리나라의 통일비용 및 통일재원 비교 연구

염명배(Myung-bae Yeom),유일호(Il-ho Yoo) 한국재정학회 2011 재정학연구 Vol.4 No.2

독일 통일 20주년을 맞는 시점에서 통일 당시 독일의 여건과 현재 한반도 정세를 비교해 볼 때 우리나라에서 독일형 통일여건이 무르익었다고 보기는 어렵다. 현재 남 · 북한 간 경제력 격차가 독일 통일 당시 동 · 서독 간 경제력 격차의 3.4∼10.3배에 달하는 극심한 불균형 상황에서 급격한 흡수통일이 이루어질 경우 독일에 비해 훨씬 많은 통일비용이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 우리나라의 통일비용은 통일형태에 따라 향후 30년간 적게는 70여조원에서부터 많게는 6,500여조원에 달할 것으로 추정된다. 통일재원 조달 방안으로는 통일세(목적세 신설, 부가가치세율 인상 등 세목 신설 및 증세 포함) 부과, 통일기금 조성 및 활용, 화폐발행, 예산절감, 해외자금 유치, 외환보유액 활용, 공공기관 및 국유재산 매각, 공공요금부과금 등 공적재원에 의존하는 방안과 채권(국공채 및 지방채)발행, 복권발행, 북한 국유재산 민간매각 수입, 기업의 북한투자 유치, 부동산투자신탁(REITs)이나 프로젝트파이낸싱(PF) 등 민간부문의 자금력에 의존하는 방안 등 다양한 수단을 고려할 수 있겠는데, 이중 어느 한 종류의 재원조달 방식에만 의존하기보다는 통일재원의 성격과 재원필요 시기에 따라 각각의 여건에 합당한 재원조달 방안으로 재정정책 ‘Policy Mix(정책혼합)’을 구성하는 것이 보다 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 통일재원 부담을 줄이기 위하여 통일비용을 최소화할 수 있는 방향으로 통일방식이나 통일체제를 모색하는 것도 중요하다. The year of 2010 marks the year that Germany celebrates the 20th anniversary of Unification on one hand, and that President of Korea, Lee, Myung-bak, has officially mentioned the necessity of financial preparation for Korea Unification such as introducing unification tax as well. This paper tries to compare the economic and political situation of national unification between Germany and Korea, and investigate the unification costs and fiscal sources in two countries. Current economic gap between north and South Korea is much worse by 3.4∼10.3 times than East and West Germany when Germany was united 20 years ago. Korean unification costs are estimated to range from US$ 62 billion to 2,140 billion for next 30 years according to the unification pattern. We suggest a fiscal ‘Policy Mix’ consisting of public and private means so as to finance huge unification costs by employing a combination of unification tax, unification fund, national and public bond, foreign debt, lottery, REITs, Project Financing, and so on. In order to minimize the unification costs, it may be important to consider the best ways to or system for unification.

중합방법에 따른 레진과 콤포머의 FTIR을 이용한 중합도 측정

배지명,김광만,김경남,김호철 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The degree of conversion(DC) of composite resins are closely correlated with the mechanical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) Analysis is currently used to determine the DC for many advantages. In this study, three composite resins ; Aelitefil(AF; U.S.A.), VeridonFil-Photo(VF; Korea), Z-100(ZH; U.S.A.) and two compomers; Compoglass(CG; Lichtenstein), Dyract(DR; Germany) were used to make specimens with thickness of 0.1 ±0.02㎜. After one group of samples were light-cured for 20 second and those of the other group were Argon laser-cured with 0.23W continuous mode for 5 second, all the samples were kept dry at 37℃ for 24h. From the spectra acquired on an FTIR spectrometer(Bruker IFS 88, Germany), the aliphatic C=C absorbance peak at 1640㎝-¹ and the N-H reference peak at 3380㎝-¹ were measured using a standard baseline technique. The ratios of absorbance of C=C/N-H before polymerization to that of C=C/N-H after polymerization were used to calculate the residual C=C bonds. The results were as follows ; 1. The descending order of the degree of conversion was VF>AF>ZH, CG>DR in light cured group(p<0.05). 2. The descending order of the degree of conversion was VF>AF>CG>ZH, DR in laser cured group(p<0.05). 3. The degree of conversion of light-cured group was higher than laser-cured one only in ZH and not significantly different in other materials(p<0.05). In conclusion, the argon laser showed efficient curing capacity compared with light curing unit except ZH and the degree of conversion of compomer was inclined to be lower than that of composite resin.

임상 증상이 심하지 않은 심낭 삼출 환자의 장기 추적 결과

배장호,김기식,강미숙,남명희,김미정,김민수,김기영,님창욱,김윤년,김권배,정시전,김여희 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.7

갑상선 초음파검진의 유용성

배오근,김재권,강명순,조영익,김임봉,신유진,임성규,서민호 한국건강관리협회 2000 건협 Report Vol.3 No.-

서울敎育大學敎 學內 電算網 構築 方案에 관한 硏究

裵鍾洙,洪命熹,張豪演 서울교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1994 科學과 數學敎育 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

PC 환경에서 모바일 P2P 시스템의 구현

배일호,신명숙,이준 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

P2P 환경에서의 파일 공유 방식은 클리어언트/서버 방식과는 다르게 값비싼 서버를 사용하지 않고 클라이언트 컴퓨터들만을 사용하여 자료의 공유 및 관리를 분산시킨다. 이러한 이유로 대용량의 서버를 사용하는 클라이언트/서버 방식에서 발생하는 인적, 물적 자원의 낭비를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 사용자의 수가 늘어날수록 연산, 협업의 성과가 높아지는 등의 혜택을 제공한다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 많은 사람들이 P2P에 관심을 갖고, 또한 현재 각광받고 있는 모바일 관련 분야에도 P2P를 이용한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 모바일 P2P 서비스란 서버의 중개 없이, 서버에 접속해 있는 한 모바일 클라이언트에서 다른 모바일 클라이언트로 다양한 정보 및 데이터를 전송하는 방식으로, 종래의 P2P 개념을 모바일 기반으로 확장한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 P2P 서비스를 영농정보 공유, 재해 정보의 통계 및 분석을 위한 프로그램에 응용하였다.

상아질 접착제의 중합 시간 조절에 따른 복합레진의 중합 수축 방향의 변화

배지현,오명환,김창근,손호현,엄정문,조병훈,권혁춘 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive curing timing on the direction of polymerization shrinkage of light-curing composite resin. In this study, the curing times of adhesive and composite resin were measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). 28 extracted human molars were embedded in clear resin and box-type cavities were prepared. Based on DSC data. the experimental teeth were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: no bond: Group 2: late curing: Group 3: Intermediate curing: Group 4: Early curing. After treating with adhesive, the buccal cavities were filled with Z-100 hybrid composite resin and the lingual ones were filled with AEliteflo flowable composite resin. The depressions at the surface were measured by surface profilometer, then the specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned. Impressions were obtained and used to get epoxy resin replicas. The epoxy replicas were gold-coated and observed under SEM. Average Maximum Gap(AMG), Gap Proportion(GP), Average Marginal Index(AMI) were used to compare the shrinkage gap of each group. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls method. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Average Maximum Gap. Gap Proportion, Average Marginal Index and depression at the surface of Z-100 hybride composite resin were smailer than those of AEliteflo flowable composite resin(P(0.05) 2. When the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure was strong, the shrinkage gap was small, and depression at the surface was deep(P<0.05). 3. In the well-bonded group. light-curing composite resin shrank toward bonded cavity wall. not toward light source. The result suggested that the direction of polumerization shrinkage was affected by the quality of bonding in the dentin-resin interface. The strong was the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure, the smaller was the gap and the deeper was the depression at the surface. Then the flow to compensate the polymerization shrinkage proceeded from surface to bonded cavity wall.

FGR 환경설비 시스템 보일러의 성능 및 배기 배출물에 미치는 재순환 배기의 영향

배명환,정광호,최승철 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The effect of recirculated exhaust gas on performance and exhaust emissions with FGR rate are investigated by using a natural circulation, pressurized draft and water tube boiler with FGR system operating at several boiler loads and over fire air(OFA) damper openings. The purpose of this study is to apply the FGR system to a power plant boiler for reducing NO_(x) emissions. To activate the combustion, the suction damper of two stage combustion system installed in the upper side of wind box is opened by handling the lever between 0˚ and 90˚, and the OFA with 0 to 20% into the flame is supplied, as the combustion air supplied to burner is reduced. It is found that the fuel consumption rate divided by evaporation rate does not show an obvious tendency to increase or decrease with rising the FGR rate, and NO_(x) emissions are decreased, at the same OFA damper opening, as FGR rates are elevated and boiler loads are dropped. While a small quantity of soot is emitted without the operational conditions of boiler load, OFA damper opening and FGR rate, because soot emissions are eliminated by the electrostatic precipitator with a collecting efficiency of 86.7%.

입자 크기에 따른 TiO₂산소센서의 감응효과

박기배,한상도,이상호,Hua, Yang,김명녕 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Thick film type oxygen sensors based TiO_(2) doped with WO_(3)(5.0[wt%]) were investigated. TiO_(2) powders were sintered by sol-gel processing method in air atmosphere. Particle sizes of WO_(3) doped TiO_(2) prepared with conventional and nano crystal process were approximately 1[μm]~0.1[μm] and 20[nm] respectively. The sensor prepared with small size WO_(3)-TiO_(2) powders showed more enhanced oxygen sensing characteristics

만성정신질환자의 욕구에 대한 수요자(환자)와 공급자(치료자) 측면의 비교 연구

안강호,이종국,한은선,김명식,김장배,손봉희 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives : We performed this study to assess the needs of the chronically mentally ill(CMI) from the perspectives of the consumers(patients) and the providers(therapists) and to compare the differences between them. We also aimed to find met needs and unmet needs and then to determine the priority of the mental health services for the CMI. Methods : 165 patients and 19 therapists were examined with need assessment tool which had been developed by authors. Through statistical analysis, we evaluated the degree of problem, the degree of intervention, the relative degree of problem, and the degree of demand in each areas of needs, and compared the differences between patient group and therapist group. After then met needs and unmet needs from the perspectives of each group were revealed. Results : 1) There were differences in the assessment of needs between patients and therapists. 2) The more problem areas assessed by patients were finances, mental health, occupation, and leisure life in order of higher ranks. While occupation, leisure life, mental health, and finances were assessed as highly ranked problem areas by the therapist group. 3) Patients perceived that they were given more helps from others in the areas of mental health, physical health, accommodation, and relation to family than other areas. From the perspective of therapists, the areas of needs such as mental health, basic knowledge, occupation, and interpersonal retation were highly ranked intervention areas. 4) The demands for daily living skill, occupation, finances, accommodation were ranked highly by patient group. Highly demanded needs assessed by therapist group were mental health, occupation, interpersonal relation, and basic knowledge. 5) Unmet needs assessed by patient group were occupation, finances, and accommodation, while by therapist group, occupation. Conclusions : The needs of the CMI were assessed and identified by the consumers(patients) and providers(therapists) with the same tool. The differences between two groups were revealed. The most important unmet need of the CMI was occupation. These results can be used to plan the priority of mental health services and policies.