Service Recovery Process: The Effects of Distributive and Informational Justice on Satisfaction over Complaint Handling

Badawi BADAWI,Wiwi HARTATI,Istyakara MUSLICHAH 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

The justice issue in the service recovery process has become an interesting topic especially in rural banks in Indonesia. There are two types of justice issues in handling the complaint process; distributive and informational. This study aims to analyze the effect of distributive and informational justice on complaint handling satisfaction. This study also examines the mediating role of positive and negative emotions on the effect of justice in post-merger rural banks. This research employs a survey by distributing a questionnaire to 238 customers who have complained to one of the post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) method by WarpPLS software. The results reveal that distributive and informational justice have a positive effect on positive and negative emotions, while informational justice does not affect positive and negative emotions. Distributive and informational justice directly affect satisfaction over complaint handling. On the other hand, positive and negative emotions affect satisfaction over complaint handling. The findings of this study suggest that positive emotion also mediates the distributive justice effect on satisfaction over complaint. Lastly, positive and negative emotions do not mediate the informational justice effect on satisfaction over complaint handling at post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

ON 2-ABSORBING PRIMARY IDEALS IN COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Badawi, Ayman,Tekir, Unsal,Yetkin, Ece Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.4

Let R be a commutative ring with $1{\neq}0$. In this paper, we introduce the concept of 2-absorbing primary ideal which is a generalization of primary ideal. A proper ideal I of R is called a 2-absorbing primary ideal of R if whenever $a,b,c{\in}R$ and $abc{\in}I$, then $ab{\in}I$ or $ac{\in}\sqrt{I}$ or $bc{\in}\sqrt{I}$. A number of results concerning 2-absorbing primary ideals and examples of 2-absorbing primary ideals are given.

ON WEAKLY 2-ABSORBING PRIMARY IDEALS OF COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Badawi, Ayman,Tekir, Unsal,Yetkin, Ece Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Let R be a commutative ring with $1{\neq}0$. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly 2-absorbing primary ideal which is a generalization of weakly 2-absorbing ideal. A proper ideal I of R is called a weakly 2-absorbing primary ideal of R if whenever a, b, $c{\in}R$ and $0{\neq}abc{\in}I$, then $ab{\in}I$ or $ac{\in}\sqrt{I}$ or $bc{\in}\sqrt{I}$. A number of results concerning weakly 2-absorbing primary ideals and examples of weakly 2-absorbing primary ideals are given.

Chitosan Based Nanocarriers for Indomethacin Ocular Delivery

Badawi, Alia A.,El-Laithy, Hanan M.,Qidra, Riad K. El,Mofty, Hala El,Dally, Mohamed El 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.8

Two different chitosan (CS) nanocarriers namely nanoparticles and nanoemulsion were developed to prolong Indomethacin (IM) precorneal residence time and to improve its ocular bioavailability the main limitations in its management of post-operative inflammation and intraocular irritation after cataract extraction. CS-nanoparticles were developed by modified ionic gelation of CS with tripolyphosphate while nanoemulsion was prepared by spontaneous emulsification technique. Transmission electron microscopy revealed regular well-identified spherical shape. The nanoparticles had a mean size of 280 nm, a zeta potential of + 17 mV and high loading efficiency of 84.8 % while the mean size of nanoemulsion was affected by the nature of the surfactant used and varies between 220-690 nm. In vitro release studies, performed under sink conditions, revealed small initial burst release during the first hour followed by slow gradual drug release of 76 and 86% from nanoparticles and nanoemulsion respectively during a 24 h peroid. In vivo studies and histopathological examination revealed that eyes of rabbits treated with nanoemulsion showed clearer healing of corneal chemical ulcer with moderate effective inhibition of polymorph nuclear leuckocytic infiltration (PMNLs) compared with nanoparticles preparation. Moreover, following topical instillation of CS-nanoemulsion to rabbits, it was possible to achieve therapeutic concentration of IM in the cornea through out the duration of the study and fairly high IM level in inner ocular structure, aqueous humor. These levels were significantly higher than those obtained following instillation of IM solution. Therefore, CS nanocarriers developed in this study were able to contact intimately with the cornea providing slow gradual IM release with long-term drug level thereby increasing delivery to both external and internal ocular tissues.

ON WEAKLY 2-ABSORBING PRIMARY IDEALS OF COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Ayman Badawi,Unsal Tekir,Ece Yetkin 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Let R be a commutative ring with 1 ≠ 0. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly 2-absorbing primary ideal which is a generalization of weakly 2-absorbing ideal. A proper ideal I of R is called a weakly 2-absorbing primary ideal of R if whenever a, b, c ∈ R and 0 ≠ abc ∈ I, then ab ∈ I or ac ∈ √I or bc ∈ √I. A number of results concerning weakly 2-absorbing primary ideals and examples of weakly 2-absorbing primary ideals are given.

On 2-absorbing primary ideals in commutative rings

Ayman Badawi,Unsal Tekir,Ece Yetkin 대한수학회 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.4

Let R be a commutative ring with 1 6= 0. In this paper, we introduce the concept of 2-absorbing primary ideal which is a general- ization of primary ideal. A proper ideal I of R is called a 2-absorbing primary ideal of R if whenever a, b, c ∈ R and abc ∈ I, then ab ∈ I or ac ∈ √I or bc ∈ √I. A number of results concerning 2-absorbing primary ideals and examples of 2-absorbing primary ideals are given.

A characterization of normal subgroups via -closed sets

A. Badawi 장전수학회 2012 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.22 No.2

Let (G, *) be a semigroup, D ⊆ G, and n ≥ 2 be an integer. We say that (D, *) is an n-closed subset of G if a_1 * ... * a_n ∈ D for every a_1, ..., a_n ∈ D. Hence every closed set is a 2-closed set. The concept of n-closed sets arise in so many natural examples. For example, let D be the set of all odd integers, then (D, +) is a 3-closed subset of (Z, +) that is not a 2-closed subset of (Z, +). If K = {1, 4, 7, 10, ...} , then (K, +) is a 4-closed subset of (Z, +) that is not an n-closed subset of (Z, +) for n = 2, 3. In this paper, we show that if (H, *) is a subgroup of a group (G, *) such that [H : G] = n < ∞,then H is a normal subgroup of G if and only if every left coset of H is an n + 1-closed subset of G.

Calibration of cylindrical NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector intended for truncated conical radioactive source

Mohamed S. Badawi,Abouzeid A. Thabet 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.4

The computation of the solid angle and the detector efficiency is considering to be one of the mostimportant factors during the measuring process for the radioactivity, especially the cylindrical g-rayNaI(Tl) detectors nowadays have applications in several fields such as industry, hazardous for health,the gamma-ray radiation detectors grow to be the main essential instruments in radiation protectionsector. In the present work, a generic numerical simulation method (NSM) for calculating the efficiencyof the g-ray spectrometry setup is established. The formulas are suitable for any type of source-todetector shape and can be valuable to determine the full-energy peak and the total efficiencies andP/T ratio of cylindrical g-ray NaI(Tl) detector setup concerning the truncated conical radioactivesource. This methodology is based on estimate the path length of g-ray radiation inside the detectoractive medium, inside the source itself, and the self-attenuation correction factors, which typically useto correct the sample attenuation of the original geometry source. The calculations can be completedin general by using extra reasonable and complicate analytical and numerical techniques than thestandard models; especially the effective solid angle, and the detector efficiency have to be calculatedin case of the truncated conical radioactive source studied condition. Moreover, the (NSM) can be usedfor the straight calculations of the g-ray detector efficiency after the computation of improvement thatneed in the case of g-g coincidence summing (CS). The (NSM) confirmation of the development createdby the efficiency transfer method has been achieved by comparing the results of the measuringtruncated conical radioactive source with certified nuclide activities with the g-ray NaI(Tl) detector,and a good agreement was obtained after corrections of (CS). The methodology can be unlimited tofind the theoretical efficiencies and modifications equivalent to any geometry by essential sufficientlythe physical selective considered situation.

The tryptophan utilization concept in pregnancy

( Abdulla A-b Badawy ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.57 No.4

The decrease in maternal plasma total (free + albumin-bound) tryptophan (Trp) during the third pregnancy trimester is attributed to induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). When measured, free [Trp] is increased because of albumin depletion and non-esterified fatty acid elevation. The Trp depletion concept in pregnancy is therefore not supported because of incorrect interpretation of changes in Trp disposition and also for not addressing mouse strain differences in Trp-related responses and potential inhibition of Trp transport by the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan. Application of the Trp utilization concept in pregnancy offers several physiological advantages favoring fetal development and successful outcome, namely provision of Trp for fetal protein synthesis and growth, serotonin for signaling pathways, kynurenic acid for neuroprotection, quinolinic acid for NAD+ synthesis, and other kynurenines for suppression of T cell responses. An excessive increase in Trp availability could compromise pregnancy by undermining T cell suppression, e.g., in pre-eclampsia.

Pathogenesis and Bone Resorption in Acquired Cholesteatoma: Current Knowledge and Future Prospectives

Mahmood A. Hamed,Seiichi Nakata,Ramadan H. Sayed,Hiromi Ueda,Badawy S. Badawy,Yoichi Nishimura,Takuro Kojima,Noboru Iwata,Ahmed R. Ahmed,Khalid Dahy,Naoki Kondo,Kenji Suzuki 대한이비인후과학회 2016 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.9 No.4

Cholesteatoma is a cystic non tumorous lesion of the temporal bone that has the ability to destroy nearby structures by its power to cause bone resorption and as a result, fatal complications prevail. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review for pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma, bone resorption mechanisms, and offer a future vision of this serious disease. We have reviewed different theories for pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma including the most relevant and updated ones with special emphasis on the mechanisms of bone resorption through Medline/PubMed research using the keywords ‘aetiopathogenesis, bone resorption, acquired cholesteatoma, temporal bone, and cytokines.’ In order to strengthen our study, we searched the reference lists of identified reviews. Cholesteatoma is a subject of debate among otolaryngologists since it was prescribed firstly. Over many decades, several theories were postulated for aetiopathogenesis of cholesteatoma with a tendency to follow more than one theory to explain the proper nature of that disease. Until now, the mechanism of bone resorption has yet to be more clarified. In the last century, a leap has occurred in the field of biomolecular cholesteatoma research which improved our knowledge about its pathophysiology and bone destructive mechanism. However, surgery is still the only available treatment. We conclude that discovery of new therapeutic choices for cholesteatoma other than surgery by the use of anti-growth, anti-proliferative, apoptotic agents as well as medications that antagonize osteoclastogenesis should be the main concern in the future clinical and experimental research work. Also, searching for predictors of the aggressiveness of cholesteatoma can affect the timing of intervention and prevent occurrence of complications.