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Effects of Ditching on Seedling Stand in Wet Direct Seeding Rice Culture
Back, Nam-Hyun,Kang, Si-Yong,Kim, Sang-Su,Kwon, Tae-Oh The Korean Society of Crop Science 2001 Korean journal of crop science Vol.46 No.1
In order to develop more stable seedling stand method in wet direct rice seeding culture, the effect of making the drainage ditches was studied in both methods of broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface and puddled-soil drill seeding. In a broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface, the ditching after seeding using a tractor or small ditch maker improved the seedling stand, and reduced the floating seedling and herbicide injury by accelerating the drainage. Suitable ditching time was at 2 days after seeding (DAS) for the tractor and at 3 DAS for the ditch maker. In the puddled-soil drill rice seeding culture, the ditching before seeding with a ditch maker at 3 days after draining effectively improved the seedling stand due to quick draining through well formed the seeding furrows. In the puddled-soil drill seeding, seedling stand number showed higher in both ditching plots synchronized with seeding compared with both only draining treatment at 1 DAS without ditching and the flooding plot condition for 6 DAS. And the suitable ditching depth was 6 cm, as considered the ditching status and drained status. These results suggest that the ditching in wet direct rice seeding is an resonable practice for improving the seedling stand through the accelerating drainage of field.
Development of Antihypertensive Natural Seasoning Using Beef Hydrolyzate
Back, Su-Yeon,Kim, Hyun-Ku,Lim, Sang-Dong,Do, Gun-Pyo,Do, Jeong-Ryong 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.2
Natural seasoning with antihypertensive effect was developed using beef hydrolyzate. Quality of the natural seasoning product was compared with five concentrations of beef hydrolyzates at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Optimum conditions of beef hydrolyzate were determined to be Alcalase 2.4 L 1%, beef concentration 5%, and 4 h of hydrolysis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of beef hydrolyzate was increased by 70.2% as compared to that of control under the same condition. Sensory evaluation results showed that natural seasoning with 15% beef hydrolyzate was acceptable with salty and savory taste. ACE inhibitory activity of the seasoning with 15% beef hydrolyzate was increased by 41.7% compared to control. Amino acid compositions of natural seasoning in 15% beef hydrolyzate were taurine (511.3mg%), glutamine (846.2mg%), glycine (120.6mg%), and ammonia ($NH_3$) (105.7 mg%). Optimal composition of the seasoning product was: 15% beef hydrolyzate mixed with 1.7% red pepper powder, 4.25% crab water extract, 10.2% kelp powder, 1.7% garlic powder, 10.2% anchovy powder, 10.2% short-necked clam powder, 12.75% shrimp powder, 17% beef powder, 12.75% shiitake powder, and 4.25% freeze-dried pollock powder. The seasoning with 15% beef hydrolyzate may have antihypertensive effects with high consumer acceptability.
Back, Nam-Hyun,Kim, Sang-Su,Kang, Si-Yong,Choi, Min-Gyu,Shin, Hyun-Tak,Kwon, Tae-Oh The Korean Society of Crop Science 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.3
Unstable seedling stand establishment of wet direct seeding culture of rice is one of the major elements preventing the extension of its culture area. In order to develop methods of seedling stand improvement in direct seeded rice on flooded surfaces, three field experiments were conducted on silty loam soil using a cultivar 'Donjinbyeo' for three years, mainly focusing on water management after seeding and seed soaking with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Under the condition of shallow flooding after seeding, seedling stand rate increased and floating seedling rate decreased in both early and normal season seeding compared to deep flooding. With earlier draining time after seeding, there was a tendency towards preferential growth of the seminal root, increase of seedling stand and decrease of the floating seedling rate. Therefore the highest seedling numbers per unit area and the lowest floating seedling numbers were found upon drainage at 1 day after seeding (DAS), while a contrary tendency was shown upon conventional drainage at 7 DAS. Seed soaking with PGRs such as Metalaxyl or mixing of Metalaxyl with gibberellic acid (GA$_3$) significantly increased the seedling stand. In addition the effects of PGR treatment on seedling stand and the early growth of plants were greater under flooded conditions than under drained conditions after seeding, although draining of water after seeding improved the seedling establishment rate more when compared with the PGR treatment. These results suggest that draining management after seeding or maintaining of shallow flooding for a week is the most effective method to improve the seedling stand rate in wet direct seeding.
Effects of Seedling Age on Growth and Yield of Machine Transplanted Rice in Southern Plain Region
Sang Su Kim,Bo Kyeong Kim,Min Gyu Choi,Nam Hyun Back,Weon Young Choi,Seon Yong Lee 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.2
Three rice cultivars, Namweonbyeo (early maturing), Hwaseongbyeo (medium maturing) and Dongjinbyeo (medium-late maturing) were trans-planted with 3 different seedling ages to investigate their growth habits and to improve the cultural method in paddy fields in the southern plain area of the Honam region in 1993. The 10-day old seedlings had more vigorous elongation of plant height and higher tillering ability but lower effective tiller rate, when compared with 35-day or 40-day old seedlings. Leaf area index and top dry weight were lower in 10-day old seedlings up to 40 days after transplanting but thereafter, were not different among seedlings ages. CGR was later in 10-day old seedlings, up to 30 days after transplanting, but in 30 to 40 days after transplanting, it was reversed. RGR was the highest in infant seedlings to 40 days after trans-planting, while in 50 days after transplanting, it was reversed. Panicle number and spikelet number per square meter were the highest in 40-day old seedlings, next highest in 35-day old seedlings and the lowest and in adult seedlings up to 40 days after transplanting, while spikelet number per panicle was vice versa. Milled rice yield did not vary significantly by seedling ages, but among the varieties, it was less in Hwaseongbyeo compared with Naweonbyeo and Dongjnbyeo.
Back, Chi-Yun,Hyun, Dae-Sung,Jeung, Da-Yee,Chang, Sei-Jin Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2020 Safety and health at work Vol.11 No.1
Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of burnout in the association between emotional labor and turnover intention in Korean clinical nurses. Methods: Using data collected from a sample of 606 nurses from six Korean hospitals, we conducted a multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships among clinical nurses' emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention, looking at burnout as a mediator. Results: The results fully and partially support the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between the subfactors of emotional labor and turnover intention. In particular, burnout partially mediated the relationship between emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization. In addition, we found that burnout has a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between overload and conflicts in customer service and turnover intention. Although the mediating effect of burnout was significantly associated with the demands and regulation of emotions, no significant effects on turnover intention were found. Conclusion: To reduce nurses' turnover, we recommend developing strategies that target both burnout and emotional labor, given that burnout fully and partially mediated the effects of emotional labor on turnover intention, and emotional labor was directly associated with turnover intention.