Investigation of Vertical Profiles of Meteorological Parameters and Ozone Concentration in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Benitez-Garcia, Sandy E.,Kanda, Isao,Okazaki, Yukiyo,Wakamatsu, Shinji,Basaldud, Roberto,Horikoshi, Nobuji,Ortinez, Jose A.,Ramos-Benitez, Victor R.,Cardenas, Beatriz Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2

In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone ($O_3$) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the dry-warm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the $O_3$ precursors and rapid production of $O_3$ in the ML.

Investigation of Vertical Profiles of Meteorological Parameters and Ozone Concentration in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Sandy E. Benitez-Garcia,Isao Kanda,Yukiyo Okazaki,Shinji Wakamatsu,Roberto Basaldud,Nobuji Horikoshi,Jose A. Ortinez,Victor R. Ramos-Benitez,Beatriz Cardenas 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2

In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone (O3) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the drywarm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the O3 precursors and rapid production of O3 in the ML.

TOWARD A GENDER-FAIR EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM : THE ROLE OF THE WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Benitez, Helena Z. 대구효성가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 1993 女性問題硏究 Vol.21 No.-

A dynamic gain-scheduled ventilation control system for a subway station based on outdoor air quality conditions

Loy-Benitez, Jorge,Li, Qian,Ifaei, Pouya,Nam, Kijeon,Heo, SungKu,Yoo, Changkyoo Elsevier 2018 Building and environment Vol.144 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Within subway stations, the use of a mechanical ventilation system is a common strategy for improving the indoor air quality (IAQ). These ventilation systems use outdoor air to dilute pollutants on the subway platforms. However, a fixed fan speed in manual subway station ventilation systems does not consider variations in IAQ dynamics caused by disturbances yielded by the outdoor air quality (OAQ). Since the IAQ in subway stations has become a major public health concern, this study aims to analyze the IAQ dynamics at different OAQ conditions to design a new dynamic ventilation control system. The proposed method implemented a Gain Scheduling control strategy over OAQ variations at the D-Subway Station in the Seoul metropolitan area. A set of one feedback (FB) and two feedforward (FF) controllers was implemented. The results showed that the proposed control system tuned with the internal model control (IMC) method achieved an energy saving of 9% in comparison to the manual ventilation system. It was estimated a decrease in energy consumption of 158 kWh/day, representing an emission reduction of 268 kgCO<SUB>2</SUB>/day. Following, an energy cost reduction of 4325 USD yearly was estimated. Additionally, the indoor particulate matter level is maintained below a control limit considered to be unhealthy for sensitive groups (150 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A dynamic gain scheduled ventilation control system dependent on outdoor air conditions was proposed for subway platforms. </LI> <LI> The indoor air quality dynamics were explored and adjusted depending on the outdoor air quality. </LI> <LI> The proposed ventilation control system reduced energy consumption by 9% in comparison to the manual ventilation system. </LI> <LI> Annual GHG emissions could be decreased by 97,820 kg CO<SUB>2</SUB> with the proposed ventilation control system. </LI> <LI> The proposed control system shows energy-saving potential adaptability for standard subway stations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Gender & ICT Development Policies and Strategies in ASEAN

Amelou Benitez Reys Asian Pacific Women's Information Network Center t 2007 APWIN Vol.9 No.-

The Software Architecture of A Secure and Efficient Group Key Agreement Protocol

Lopez-Benitez, Noe Convergence Society for SMB 2014 융합정보논문지 Vol.4 No.3

Group communications are becoming popular in Internet applications such as video conferences, on-line chatting programs, games, and gambling. Secure and efficient group communication is needed for message integration, confidentiality, and system usability. However, the conventional group key agreement protocols are too much focused on minimizing the computational overhead by concentrating on generating the common group key efficiently for secure communication. As a result, the common group key is generated efficiently but a failure in authentication allows adversaries to obtain valuable information during the group communication. After achieving the secure group communication, the secure group communication should generate the group key efficiently and distribute it to group members securely, so the balance of security and system usage must be considered at the same time. Therefore, this research proposes the software architecture model of a secure and efficient group communication that will be imbedded into networking applications.

A Data-Intensive Monitoring Framework For Sludge Bulking In Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants Via Dynamic Graph Embedding And Causal Analysis

LOY BENITEZ JORGE RAFAEL(Jorge Loy),Changkyoo Yoo(유창규),Shahzeb Tariq,Usman Safder,Sungku Heo(허성구) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Information Transmission and Vehicle Recalls

Hugo Benitez-Silva,Yong-Kyun Bae 한국산업경제학회 2014 한국산업경제학회 정기학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.춘계

Sequential prediction of quantitative health risk assessment for the fine particulate matter in an underground facility using deep recurrent neural networks

Loy-Benitez, Jorge,Vilela, Paulina,Li, Qian,Yoo, ChangKyoo Academic Press 2019 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.169 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) in indoor public spaces such as subway stations, has represented a major public health concern; however, forecasting future sequences of quantitative health risk is an effective method for protecting commuters’ health, and an important tool for developing early warning systems. Despite the existence of several predicting methods, some tend to fail to forecast long-term dependencies in an effective way. This paper aims to implement a multiple sequences prediction of a comprehensive indoor air quality index (CIAI) traced by indoor PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, utilizing different structures of recurrent neural networks (RNN). A standard RNN (SRNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) structures were implemented due to their capability of managing sequential, and time-dependent data. Hourly indoor PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentration data collected in the D-subway station, South Korea, were utilized for the validation of the proposed method. For the selection of the most suitable predictive model (i.e. SRNN, LSTM, GRU), a point-by-point prediction on the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> was conducted, demonstrating that the GRU structure outperforms the other RNN structures (RMSE = 21.04 µg/m<SUP>3</SUP>, MAPE = 32.92%, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.65). Then, this model is utilized to sequentially predict the concentration and quantify the health risk (i.e. CIAI) at different time lags. For a 6-h time lag, the proposed model exhibited the best performance metric (RMSE = 29.73 µg/m<SUP>3</SUP>, MAPE = 29.52%). Additionally, for the rest of the time lags including 12, 18 and 24 h, achieved an acceptable performance (MAPE = 29–37%).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A quantitative health risk prediction is used as a tool for the early abnormal detection of indoor PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Various RNN structures with memory cells are used for the sequential quantitative health risk prediction for PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> effects. </LI> <LI> Performance metrics showed that the most suitable RNN structure is the GRU. </LI> <LI> Forecasting of CIAI is conducted sequentially at different time lags, including 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. </LI> <LI> Results showed that sequential prediction is suitable even for long time lags and future time steps. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Harnessing genome-wide association studies to minimize adverse radiation-induced side effects

Cecil M. Benitez,Susan J. Knox 대한방사선종양학회 2020 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.38 No.4

Radiotherapy is used as definitive treatment in approximately two-thirds of all cancers. However, like any treatment, radiation has significant acute and long-term side effects including secondary malignancies. Even when similar radiation parameters are used, 5%-10% of patients will experience adverse radiation side effects. Genomic susceptibility is thought to be responsible for approximately 40% of the clinical variability observed. In the era of precision medicine, the link between genetic susceptibility and radiation-induced side effects is further strengthening. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) attributed to overall and tissue-specific toxicity following radiation for treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and other cancers. Here, we review the use of GWAS in identifying polymorphisms that are predictive of acute and long-term radiation-induced side effects with a focus on chest, pelvic, and head-and-neck irradiation. Integration of GWAS with “omic” data, patient characteristics, and clinical correlates into predictive models could decrease radiation-induced side effects while increasing therapeutic efficacy.