Clinical Utility of Chest Sonography in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Focusing on Diaphragmatic Measurements

Hend M. Esmaeel, M.B.B.S., M.D.,Kamal A. Atta, M.B.B.S., M.D.,Safiya Khalaf, M.B.B.S.,Doaa Gadallah, M.B.B.S., M.D. 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.1

Background: There are many methods of evaluating diaphragmatic function, includingtrans-diaphragmatic pressure measurements, which are considered the key rule of diagnosis. We studied the clinical usefulness of chest ultrasonography in evaluating stablechronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and those in exacerbation,focusing on diaphragmatic measurements and their correlation with spirometry andother clinical parameters. Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we enrolled 100 COPD patients dividedinto 40 stable COPD patients and 60 patients with exacerbation. The analysis included20 age-matched controls. In addition to the clinical assessment of the study population,radiological evaluation included chest radiographs and chest computed tomography. Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) was performed for all included subjects. Results: Multiple A lines (more than 3) were more frequent in COPD exacerbation thanin stable patients, as was the case for B-lines. TUS significantly showed high specificity,negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy in detecting pleuraleffusion, consolidation, pneumothorax, and lung mass. Diaphragmatic measurementswere significantly lower among stable COPD subjects than healthy controls. Diaphragmaticthickness and excursion displayed a significant negative correlation with bodymass index and the dyspnea scale, and a positive correlation with spirometry measures. Patients in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) groupD showed lower diaphragmatic measurements (thickness and excursion). Conclusion: The TUS of COPD patients both in stable and exacerbated conditions andthe assessment of diaphragm excursion and thickness by TUS in COPD patients andtheir correlations to disease-related factors proved informative and paved the way forthe better management of COPD patients.

Multiple heterologous M2 extracellular domains presented on virus-like particles confer broader and stronger M2 immunity than live influenza A virus infection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kwon, Y.M.,O, E.,Lee, Y.J.,Choi, J.G.,Wang, B.Z.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.99 No.3

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is poorly immunogenic and has some amino acid changes among isolates from different host species. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Immunization of mice with M2e5x VLPs induced protective antibodies cross-reactive to antigenically different influenza A viruses and conferred cross protection. Anti-M2e antibodies induced by heterologous M2e5x VLPs showed a wider range of cross reactivity to influenza A viruses at higher levels than those by live virus infection, homologous M2e VLPs, or M2e monoclonal antibody 14C2. Fc receptors were found to be important for mediating protection by immune sera from M2e5x VLP vaccination. The present study provides evidence that heterologous recombinant M2e5x VLPs can be more effective in inducing protective M2e immunity than natural virus infection and further supports an approach for developing an effective universal influenza vaccine.

Fe-Cu-M-(Si, B) (M = V, Nb, Mo, Ta, W) 합금의 연자기특성 (軟磁氣特性)

강일구,김희중,노태환,이명복,피우갑 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1990 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Dependence of the effective permeability on annealing and the annealing-induced structural change for amorphous Fe_(73.5)Cu₁M₃Si_(13.5)B_9(M=V, Nb, Mo, Ta or W)and Fe_(73.5)Cu₁Nb₃(Si_xB_(1-x))_(22.5)(x=0∼0.8) alloys were investigated. Crystalline Fe_(73.5)Cu₁M₃Si_(13.5)B_9(M=V, Nb, Mo, W)alloys with α-Fe phase which was obtained by annealing at above T_x showed higher effective permeability than with amorphous phase, and the increase in permeability upon crystallization was large in the order of V$lt;W$lt;Mo$lt;Nb. For amorphous Fe_(73.5)Cu₁Nb₃(Si_xB_(1-x))_(22.5) alloys in the composition range from x=0.5 to 0.8, soft magnetic property was improved by crystallization. Moreover, in that composition range, the effective permeability increased with the Si content(x). Superior soft magnetic property of the high-Si alloys was attributed to both the small magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the low magnetostriction. The effective permeabilities measured at 1㎑ and 5 m0e for crystalline Fe-Cu-Mo-Si-B and Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B(0.5≤x≤0.8) alloys were about 1∼2 × 10⁴, and it was comparable to that of the zero-magnetostriction Co-based amorphous alloys.

Directly comparing GW150914 with numerical solutions of Einstein’s equations for binary black hole coalescence

Abbott, B. P.,Abbott, R.,Abbott, T. D.,Abernathy, M. R.,Acernese, F.,Ackley, K.,Adams, C.,Adams, T.,Addesso, P.,Adhikari, R. X.,Adya, V. B.,Affeldt, C.,Agathos, M.,Agatsuma, K.,Aggarwal, N.,Aguiar, O. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.94 No.6

<P>We compare GW150914 directly to simulations of coalescing binary black holes in full general relativity, including several performed specifically to reproduce this event. Our calculations go beyond existing semianalytic models, because for all simulations-including sources with two independent, precessing spins - we perform comparisons which account for all the spin-weighted quadrupolar modes, and separately which account for all the quadrupolar and octopolar modes. Consistent with the posterior distributions reported by Abbott et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 (2016)] (at the 90% credible level), we find the data are compatible with a wide range of nonprecessing and precessing simulations. Follow-up simulations performed using previously estimated binary parameters most resemble the data, even when all quadrupolar and octopolar modes are included. Comparisons including only the quadrupolar modes constrain the total redshifted mass M-z epsilon [64 M-circle dot - 82 M-circle dot], mass ratio 1/q = m(2)/m(1) epsilon [0.6; 1], and effective aligned spin chi(eff) epsilon [-0.3, 0.2] where chi(eff) = (S-1/m(1)+S-2/m(2)). (L) over cap /M. Including both quadrupolar and octopolar modes, we find the mass ratio is even more tightly constrained. Even accounting for precession, simulations with extreme mass ratios and effective spins are highly inconsistent with the data, at any mass. Several nonprecessing and precessing simulations with similar mass ratio and chi(eff) are consistent with the data. Though correlated, the components' spins (both in magnitude and directions) are not significantly constrained by the data: the data is consistent with simulations with component spin magnitudes a(1,2) up to at least 0.8, with random orientations. Further detailed follow-up calculations are needed to determine if the data contain a weak imprint from transverse (precessing) spins. For nonprecessing binaries, interpolating between simulations, we reconstruct a posterior distribution consistent with previous results. The final black hole's redshifted mass is consistent with M-f,M-z in the range 64.0 M-circle dot - 73.5 M-circle dot and the final black hole's dimensionless spin parameter is consistent with a(f) = 0.62-0.73. As our approach invokes no intermediate approximations to general relativity and can strongly reject binaries whose radiation is inconsistent with the data, our analysis provides a valuable complement to Abbott et al.</P>

국내 감염성질환 병원체의 성상분석을 통한 표준실험실 체계 구축(Ⅱ) : 장내바이러스와 B형간염바이러스 국내 분리주의 성상분석(1)

윤재득,지영미,김기순,천두성,안정배,정윤석,신수연,이선화,이지원,조해월 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Supplemented vaccination with tandem repeat M2e virus-like particles enhances protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses in chickens

Song, B.M.,Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, M.C.,Lee, Y.N.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, Y.J. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vaccine Vol.34 No.5

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.

Measurements of B→J/ψ at forward rapidity in p+p collisions at s=510 GeV

Aidala, C.,Ajitanand, N. N.,Akiba, Y.,Akimoto, R.,Alexander, J.,Alfred, M.,Aoki, K.,Apadula, N.,Asano, H.,Atomssa, E. T.,Attila, A.,Awes, T. C.,Ayuso, C.,Azmoun, B.,Babintsev, V.,Bai, M.,Bai, X.,Banni American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.9

<P>We report the first measurement of the fraction of J/psi mesons coming from B-meson decay (F (B -> J/psi)) in p + p collisions at root s = 510 GeV. The measurement is performed using the forward silicon vertex detector and central vertex detector at PHENIX, which provide precise tracking and distance-of-closest-approach determinations, enabling the statistical separation of J=. due to B-meson decays from prompt J/psi. The measured value of F (B -> J/psi) is 8.1% +/- 2.3% (stat) +/- 1.9% (syst) for J/psi with transverse momenta 0 < p(T) < 5 GeV/c and rapidity 1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2. The measured fraction F (B -> J/psi) at PHENIX is compared to values measured by other experiments at higher center of mass energies and to fixed-order-next-toleading- logarithm and color-evaporation-model predictions. The b (b) over bar cross section per unit rapidity [d sigma/dy(pp -> b (b) over bar)] extracted from the obtained F (B -> J/psi) and the PHENIX inclusive J/psi cross section measured at 200 GeV scaled with color-evaporation-model calculations, at the mean B hadron rapidity y = +/- 1.7 in 510 GeV p + p collisions, is 3.63(-1.70)(+1.92) mu b. It is consistent with the fixed-order-next-toleading- logarithm calculations.</P>

First observation of the decay B@?_s⁰→D⁰K^@?0 and a measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B@?_s⁰→D⁰K^@?0)B(B@?⁰→D⁰ρ⁰)

LHCb Collaboration,Aaij, R.,Abellan Beteta, C.,Adeva, B.,Adinolfi, M.,Adrover, C.,Affolder, A.,Ajaltouni, Z.,Albrecht, J.,Alessio, F.,Alexander, M.,Alkhazov, G.,Alvarez Cartelle, P.,Alves, A.A.,Amato, North-Holland Pub. Co 2011 Physics letters: B Vol.706 No.1

The first observation of the decay B@?<SUB>s</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>→D<SUP>0</SUP>K<SUP>@?0</SUP> using pp data collected by the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb<SUP>-1</SUP>, is reported. A signal of 34.4+/-6.8 events is obtained and the absence of signal is rejected with a statistical significance of more than nine standard deviations. The B@?<SUB>s</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>→D<SUP>0</SUP>K<SUP>@?0</SUP> branching fraction is measured relative to that of B@?<SUP>0</SUP>→D<SUP>0</SUP>ρ<SUP>0</SUP>: B(B@?<SUB>s</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>→D<SUP>0</SUP>K<SUP>@?0</SUP>)B(B@?<SUP>0</SUP>→D<SUP>0</SUP>ρ<SUP>0</SUP>)=1.48+/-0.34+/-0.15+/-0.12, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainty on the ratio of the B<SUP>0</SUP> and B<SUB>s</SUB><SUP>0</SUP> hadronisation fractions.

닭의 동품종내 계통간 잡종강세 이용시험

박상문,김동곤,송기덕,오봉국 한국축산학회 1965 한국축산학회지 Vol.7 No.1

To induce hybrid vigor by the reciprocal crossing with SWL (Sung Whan Line), MWL (Minnesota Line), AWL (Dembro Line) and BWL (Derby Line) of single comb white leghorn, 1,330 hens were divided into 16 blacks (Diallal cross with four Line) and fed under condition of N.R.C. feeding standard. In this experiment, hatchability, fertility, mortality, body weight, days required on up to first egg laying date, egg weight, egg quality, winter pauses, intensity, feed utilization, number of eggs layed during the testing period of days and brooding were investigated. Cross breeds showed a little higher fertility and hatchability but there were no significance when their parents had high hatchability. Cross breeds M♀×A♂, M♀×E♂ and A♀×S♂ showed more than ½ decrease in mortality, however cross bred hen showed 2.27% more decrease in mortality than purebreeds. Cross breeds of 6 blocks among 16 blocks at 6 weeks showed significant (P$lt;0.01) difference in body weight. Heaviest cross breed among all blocks were S♀×A♂ and A♀×S♂. Generally adult cross breeds showed heaviest body weight; especially in S♀×A♂ and A♀×S♂ cross breeds showed heaviest body weight among them. Dates requiring on up to first egg laying (50% laying date in the blocks) were showen at cross breeds. Cross breeds shorten 16.42 days than purebreeds and A♀×M♂ was showed shortest clay (171.0 days) in all cross breeds. ♀M×A♂ (175.0 days) and M♀×B♂ (175.0 days) were excellent. Cross breed showed increased egg weight as follows : A♀×S♂ 56.0 g, B♀×M♂ 56.62 g B♀×A♂ 57.40 g and there was significant (P$lt;0.05) difference in egg weight between pure breed and cross breed (M♀×S♂ and B♀×A♂), However, their egg weight was same one as standard (56.0 g) Generally productive block showed light egg weight, because egg weight are related to egg production, Those eggs didn't show any progress in thickness, meat and blood spot. Winter pauses became more short and intensity was more higher than purebreeds. They produced more eggs during winter than purebreeds. Feed utilization was very high in cross breeds. than in purebreeds. The number of egg at 500 days testing period (Hen house) was M♀×B♂ : 201,08, S♀×B♂ : 200.73, B♀×S♂ : 200.21, M♀×S♂ : 197.28 and M♀×A♂ : 191.69 and number of egg per hen in the block was from 230 to 256 in a year. SWL and BWL cross was very excellent in any condition. Generally, we could say that the number of egg was increased by crossing and it showed at 1% level of significance, but cross breeds increased broodiness about 0.56% than did in pure breeds.

Isolation of a New Microsporidian sp. (NIK-5hm) forming Spores within the Haemocytes of Silkworm, B. mori L.

Selvakumar T.,Nataraju B.,Chandrasekharan K.,Sharma S. D.,Balavenkatasubbaiah M.,Sudhakara Rao P.,Thiagarajan V.,Dandin S. B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.11 No.1

While observing silkworm larval samples received from field, microsporidian spores formed within the haemocytes of silkworm haemolymph were observed. The spores of microsporidian sp. were purified and characterized for morphological characters viz., size, shape as well as serological affinity with different Nosema spp. (M$_{11}$ and M$_{12}$). The infectivity of the isolated spores to silkworm was also studied. The microsporidian sp. was found to be highly pathogenic to silkworm, B. mori. The isolated microsporidian sp. was designated as NIK-5hm, which formed ovocylindrical spore in the haemocytes of silkworm and differed in spore size (length, 4.55 $\mu$m & width, 2.10 $\mu$m) and shape from Nosema bombycis (NIK-ls), NIK-2r (Nosema sp. Mysore [3.6 & 2.8 $\mu$m]), NIK-3h (Nosema sp. M$_{11}$ [3.8 & 1.8 $\mu$m]), NIK-4m (Nosema sp. M$_{12}$ [5.0 & 2.1 $\mu$m]) and Lb$_{ms}$ (Nosema sp. in Lamerine breed of silkworm [4.36 & 2.14]). In immonological test (Latex agglutination test), the isolated microsporidian spores did not react with antibody sensitized latex particles of N. bombycis, M$_{11}$, M$_{12}$ and Lb$_{ms}$ and thus are different type of microsporidian sp., parasitic to silkworm, Bombyx mori L.