Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review

Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

Anti-parasitic activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness

E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.

The Stimulus Factors Influencing Intention to Participate in Shopping during the Distribution of the 12.12 Online Shopping Festivals in Malaysia

MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia

Platform for Highly Sensitive Alkaline Phosphatase-Based Immunosensors Using 1-Naphthyl Phosphate and an Avidin-Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

Aziz, Md. Abdul,Jo, Kyungmin,Qaium, Md. Abdul,Huh, Chan-Hwa,Hong, In Seok,Yang, Haesik WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Electroanalysis Vol.21 No.19

<P>We report a versatile platform for highly sensitive alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-based electrochemical biosensors that uses an avidin-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a sensing electrode and 1-naphthyl phosphate (NPP) as an ALP substrate. Almost no electrocatalytic activity of NPP and good electrocatalytic activity of 1-naphthol (ALP product) on the ITO electrodes allow a high signal-to-background ratio. The effective surface covering of avidin on the ITO electrodes allows very low levels of nonspecific binding of proteins to the sensing electrodes. The platform technology is used to detect mouse IgG with a detection limit of 1.0 pg/mL.</P>

Phenol and ammonium removal by using Fe-ZSM-5 synthesized by ammonium citrate iron source

Aziz, A.,Park, H.,Kim, S.,Kim, K. S. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2016 International journal of environmental science and Vol.13 No.12

<P>Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites are important for many applications, especially for catalysis and volatile organic carbon removal. However, the inclusion of a high content of iron in the ZSM-5 structure is hindered due to the high pH required for hydrothermal synthesis. To overcome this problem, the synthesis of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites with a novel iron chelate complex as the iron source (ammonium iron citrate) and a common iron source (iron chloride) was investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, XPS and ICP. The total iron content was determined by ICP. Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by the ammonium iron citrate source method contain the highest iron concentration within the framework of a Mobil five structure, which has a high surface area and crystallinity. The prepared materials were used to remove phenol and ammonium. The catalytic results demonstrated that Fe-ZSM-5 prepared with ammonium iron citrate is the best catalyst.</P>

Prediction Partial Molar Heat Capacity at Infinite Dilution for Aqueous Solutions of Various Polar Aromatic Compounds over a Wide Range of Conditions Using Artificial Neural Networks

Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh*,Mahdi Esmailian 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.9

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), for a first time, were successfully developed for the prediction partial molar heat capacity of aqueous solutions at infinite dilution for various polar aromatic compounds over wide range of temperatures (303.55-623.20 K) and pressures (0.1-30.2 MPa). Two three-layered feed forward ANNs with back-propagation of error were generated using three (the heat capacity in T = 303.55 K and P = 0.1 MPa, temperature and pressure) and six parameters (four theoretical descriptors, temperature and pressure) as inputs and its output is partial molar heat capacity at infinite dilution. It was found that properly selected and trained neural networks could fairly represent dependence of the heat capacity on the molecular descriptors, temperature and pressure. Mean percentage deviations (MPD) for prediction set by the models are 4.755 and 4.642, respectively.

Self-determined motivation and associated factors among health professions students in distance learning: a cross- sectional study in Morocco

Aziz Naciri,Mohamed Radid,Hasnaa Sine,Ahmed Kharbach,Ghizlane Chemsi 한국의학교육학회 2023 Korean journal of medical education Vol.35 No.1

Purpose: Learning motivation is an important factor in the teaching learning process in a digital environment. This study aims to examine self-determined motivation levels and associated factors among health professions students in distance learning activities. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative, multicenter study was conducted among health professions students from February 15, 2022, to July 31, 2022. Students’ self-determined motivation was assessed using a self-administered instrument. It consisted of 16 items categorized into four dimensions: intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation. It was based on 7-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Student engagement was examined using 15 items classified into the following subscales: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. A correlation between student motivation and engagement was performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with students’ self-determined motivation in distance learning activities. Results: Of 1,121 students invited to the study, 1,061 valid questionnaires were received, giving a response rate of 94.6%; 595 participants (56.1%) were self-determined in distance pedagogical activities. Multiple regression analysis showed that ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.73; p=0.012), educational level (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.16–2.34; p=0.005), distance learning environment (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.19–2.29; p=0.003), and student engagement: (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.21–3.80; p<0.001) were the significant factors associated with students’ self-determined motivation in distance learning. Conclusion: This study predicted some factors influencing students’ self-determined motivation. Health professions teachers need to be encouraged to adopt effective pedagogical practices in order to maintain and develop student motivation.

Determination of arsenic and mercury in longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) collected from Terengganu waters: risk assessment of dietary exposure

Aziz, Norhazirah Abd,Ghazali, Adiana,Ahmad, Nurul Izzah,Ahmad, Ahmad Shamsudin,Ong, Meng Chuan The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2022 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.25 No.3

Despite the beneficial aspect of fish consumption, bioaccumulation of toxic metals such as arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) can enhance the health risk for the consumers. Arsenic and Hg concentrations were measured in edible tissue and two targeted organs, namely gill and liver of longtail tuna species (Thunnus tonggol) from Terengganu waters, including Kuala Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Dungun and Kemaman. The concentration of As and Hg were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of both elements were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the locations and targeted organs. The hierarchy of As and Hg mean concentrations in muscle samples were Dungun > Kuala Besut > Kemaman > Kuala Terengganu. The mean concentration of As in all samples, including muscle, exceeded the permitted level set by Malaysia Food Act. Estimate Weekly Intake (EWI) was conducted to assess the health risk effect, and 63 kg was used as the average body weight of Malaysian adults. However, the EWI values show that the weekly intake of As and Hg does not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake limit suggested by Food and Agricultural Organization for the United Nations and is considered safe to be consumed.

SIGNATURAL APPLICATIONS OF THE FRICKE GROUP ΓF (N)

Aziz Buy¨ ukkarag ¨ oz,Erdal Unl ¨ uyol 호남수학회 2022 호남수학학술지 Vol.44 No.2

In this paper, we establish the Fricke Group ΓF (N) which is a new special group of Non-Euclidean Crystallograhic (NEC) group. We obtain this group whose congruence subgroup Γ0(N) is expanded with Fricke reflection F(z) = 1Nz¯. Then, we research and calculate the structure of signature and fundamental domain of this group. And then, we calculate the number of boundary components in the signature for this group. Finally, we find the 2, 3, ∞ valued link periods of these boundary components with the H. Jaffee technique.