http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Ayako Inagaki(Ayako Inagaki ) Asian Qualitative Inquiry Association 2023 아시아질적탐구 Vol.2 No.1
The persistence of a status gap between men and women in Japan, on the other hand there is growing skepticism about gender inequality. This discrepancy between the reality and beliefs about gender roles and disparities sug-gests that Japan is undergoing a transitional phase in terms of the division of labor according to gender. Moreover, Japanese couples are less likely to listen to or confide in their spouses regarding their problems than those of couples from other East Asian countries. The present study examined Japanese marital communication, division of labor in the context of traditional gender roles, and the need for their support. The study involved sequential analysis of a single couple therapy session. Co-constructed narratives and sociocultural discourses were examined in the structured session, in which attachment needs were discussed between spouses, particularly those arising during crises. The results revealed that feelings of “Amae” and refraining from expressing one’s own needs ac-counted for the challenges in communication. It is important to engage in dialogue that focuses on the needs and efforts of the couple, as well as to create an environment conducive to the discussion of work-related issues, household chores, and childcare. Meeting the couple’s proximity needs and improving family management may promote equitable division of labor based on new gender roles.
The Role of China, Japan, and Korea in Machinery Production Networks
Ayako Obashi,Fukunari Kimura 한국국제경제학회 2016 International Economic Journal Vol.30 No.2
China, Japan, and Korea have been the three largest players in East Asian machinery production networks. This paper employs a new method of analyzing finely disaggregated international trade data that applies the concept of zero trade flows, least-traded goods, and intensive/extensive margins of trade growth and scrutinizes changes in the role of China, Japan, and Korea in machinery production networks between 2007 and 2013. We find, first, that China became a dominant player in the global machinery production networks in terms of both export values and the diversity and density of product-destination pairs. Second, the growth of Korea as machinery parts and components suppliers was also salient while Korea's dependency on China was sharply enhanced. Third, Japan kept being stagnated, and the machinery production links between Korea and Japan were substantially weakened.
AN ESTIMATE OF HEMPEL DISTANCE FOR BRIDGE SPHERES
Ayako Ido 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.3
Tomova [8] gave an upper bound for the distance of a bridge surface for a knot with two different bridge positions in a 3-manifold. In this paper, we show that the result of Tomova [8, Theorem 10.3] can be improved in the case when there are two different bridge spheres for a link in S3.
Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Instruction in Oral Communication for EFL Learners
Ayako Kobayashi 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.2
This study investigated the effects of metacognitive instruction in oral communication for EFL learners over a semester. Participants (N = 58) were sampled from four oral communication classes in a private university in the western part of Japan where the researcher had been working as an English instructor. They were freshmen whose majors were not English. The treatment group (n = 28) received metacognitive instruction in oral communication (i.e., they were taught how to improve oral communication skills and how to become more autonomous learners through metacognitive processes as well as activities such as planning, monitoring, and reflecting). The contrast group (n = 30), taught by the same teacher, did not receive metacognitive instruction although they used the same textbooks and materials and had more time for interaction in English. Results of the questionnaire (SRLQ, the Self-Regulated Learning in Oral Communication Questionnaire, Kobayashi, 2016a) showed that students in the treatment group became more self-regulated learners. Moreover, it was found that the treatment group made greater gains in interactional competence, regulation of cognition, cognitive strategies and interaction strategies. Furthermore, it was verified that learners with low interactional competence in the treatment group benefited the most from such metacognitive instruction.
Pomegranate Juice Inhibits Sulfoconjugation in Caco-2 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
Ayako Saruwatari,Shigeaki Okamura,Yoko Nakajima,Yuji Narukawa,Tadahiro Takeda,Hiroomi Tamura 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4
Several fruit juices have been reported to cause food–drug interactions, mainly affecting cytochrome P450 activity; however, little is known about the effects of fruit juices on conjugation reactions. Among several fruit juices tested (apple, peach, orange, pineapple, grapefruit, and pomegranate), pomegranate juice potently inhibited the sulfoconjugation of 1-naphthol in Caco-2 cells. This inhibition was both dose- and culture time-dependent, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value calculated at 2.7% (vol/vol). In contrast, no obvious inhibition of glucuronidation of 1-naphthol in Caco-2 cells was observed by any of the juices examined. Punicalagin, the most abundant antioxidant polyphenol in pomegranate juice, was also found to strongly inhibit sulfoconjugation in Caco-2 cells with an IC50 of 45 μM, which is consistent with that of pomegranate juice. These data suggest that punicalagin is mainly responsible for the inhibition of sulfoconjugation by pomegranate juice. We additionally demonstrated that pomegranate juice and punicalagin both inhibit phenol sulfotransferase activity in Caco-2 cells in vitro, at concentrations that are almost equivalent to those used in the Caco-2 cells. Pomegranate juice, however, shows no effects on the expression of the sulfotransferase SULT1A family of genes (SULT1A1 and SULT1A3) in Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that the inhibition of sulfotransferase activity by punicalagin in Caco-2 cells is responsible for the reductions seen in 1-naphthyl sulfate accumulation. Our data also suggest that constituents of pomegranate juice, most probably punicalagin, impair the enteric functions of sulfoconjugation and that this might have effects upon the bioavailability of drugs and other compounds present in food and in the environment. These effects might be related to the anticarcinogenic properties of pomegranate juice.