Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study

N. V. Ankith, M,M. Avinash,K. S. Srivijayanand,Ajoy Prasad Shetty,Rishi Mugesh Kanna,Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4

Study Design: Observational retrospective computed tomography (CT) based study. Purpose: To analyze the congenital anomalies of the cervical spine, their morphological variations and their clinical significance. Overview of Literature: Studies published to date have focused mainly on upper cervical anomalies; no study has comprehensively reported on anomalies of both the occipitocervical and subaxial cervical spine. Methods: Nine hundred and thirty cervical spine CT scans performed in Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India between January 2014 and November 2017 were screened by two independent observers to document anomalies of both the upper and lower cervical spine. CT scans conducted for infection, tumor, and/or deformity were excluded. Different morphological variations, embryological basis, and clinical significance of the anomalies were discussed. Results: Of the 930 CT scans screened, 308 (33.1%) had congenital anomaly. Of these, 184 (59.7%) were males and 124 (40.2.7%) were females, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 14–78 years). A total of 377 anomalies were identified, with 69 cases (7.4%) having more than one anomaly. Two hundred and fifty (26.8%) anomalies of the upper cervical region (occiput to C2–C3 disk space) were identified, with the most common upper cervical anomalies being high-riding vertebral artery (108 cases, 11.6%) and ponticulus posticus (PP) (75 cases, 8%). One hundred and twenty seven (13.6%) anomalies of the lower cervical spine (C3–C7) were noted, of which double foramen transversarium was the most common anomaly observed in 46 cases (4.8%). Conclusions: We found that 33.1% of CT scans had at least one congenital anomaly. Some anomalies, such as abnormal facet complex and arch anomalies, have to be differentiated from fractures in a trauma patient. Other anomalies, like PP, have to be looked for during preoperative planning to avoid complications during surgery. Therefore, knowledge of these anomalies is important as different anomalies have different clinical courses and management.

Antimicrobial efficacy and safety analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles against water borne pathogens

Supraja, Nookala,Avinash, B.,Prasad, T.N.V.K.V. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in nano research Vol.5 No.2

Metal nanoparticles have been intensively studied within the past decade. Nano-sized materials have been an important subject in basic and applied sciences. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their unique antibacterial, antifungal, and UV filtering properties, high catalytic and photochemical activity. In this study, microbiological aspects of scale formation in PVC pipelines bacteria and fungi were isolated. In the emerging issue of increased multi-resistant properties in water borne pathogens, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle are being used increasingly as antimicrobial agents. Thus, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungal concentration of ZnO nanoparticles towards pathogens microbe were examined in this study. The results obtained suggested that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a good anti fungal activity than bactericidal effect towards all pathogens tested in in-vitro disc diffusion method (170 ppm, 100 ppm and 30 ppm). ZnO nanoparticles can be a potential antimicrobial agent due to its low cost of production and high effectiveness in antimicrobial properties, which may find wide applications in various industries to address safety issues. Stable ZnO nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by Dynamic light scattering (35.7 nm) and transmission electron microscopic TEM study for morphology identification (20 nm), UV-visible spectroscopy (230 nm), X-ray diffraction (FWHM of more intense peak corresponding to 101 planes located at $36.33^{\circ}$ using Scherrer's formula), FT-IR (Amines, Alcohols, Carbonyl and Nitrate ions), Zeta potential (-28.8). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated against Bacteria and Fungi present in drinking water PVC pipelines biofilm. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in solid medium.

Nelumbo nucifera extracts mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the potential applications in medicine and environmental remediation

Supraja, N.,Avinash, B.,Prasad, T.N.V.K.V. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in nano research Vol.5 No.4

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized through a simple green route using the Nelumbo nucifera leaf, stem and flower extracts. These nanoparticles showed characteristic UV-Vis absorption peaks between 410-450 nm which arises due to the plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of amides and which acted as the stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanoparticles confirmed the Face centered cubic (FCC) structure of the formed AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering technique was used to measure hydrodynamic diameter (68.6 nm to 88.1 nm) and zeta potential (-55.4 mV, -57.9 mV and 98.9 mV) of prepared AgNPs. The scanning electron micrographs of dislodged nanoparticles in aqueous solution showed the production of reasonably monodispersed silver nanoparticles (1-100 nm). The antimicrobial activity of prepared AgNPs was evaluated against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. Anti-corrosion studies were carried out using coupon method (mild steel and iron) and dye degradation studies were carried out by assessing photo-catalytic activity of Nelumbo nucifera extracts mediated AgNPs.

Efficient decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent by <i>Salvinia molesta</i> in lagoon treatment

Chandanshive, Vishal V.,Rane, Niraj R.,Gholave, Avinash R.,Patil, Swapnil M.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2016 Environmental research Vol.150 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Salvinia molesta</I>, an aquatic fern was observed to have a potential of degrading azo dye Rubine GFL up to 97% at a concentration of 100mg/L within 72h using 60±2g of root biomass. Both root as well as stem tissues showed induction in activities of the enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, catalase, DCIP reductase and superoxide dismutase during decolorization of Rubine GFL. FTIR, GC-MS, HPLC and UV–visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed phytotransformation of the model dye into smaller molecules. Analysis of metabolites revealed breakdown of an azo bond of Rubine GFL by the action of lignin peroxidase and laccase and formation of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and N-methylbenzene-1, 4-diamine. Anatomical tracing of dye in the stem of <I>S. molesta</I> confirmed the presence of dye in tissues and subsequent removal after 48h of treatment. The concentration of chlorophyll pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid was observed during the treatment. Toxicity analysis on seeds of <I>Triticum aestivum</I> and <I>Phaseolus mungo</I> revealed the decreased toxicity of dye metabolites. <I>In situ</I> treatment of a real textile effluent was further monitored in a constructed lagoon of the dimensions of 7m×5m×2m (total surface area 35m<SUP>2</SUP>) using <I>S. molesta</I> for 192h. This large scale treatment was found to significantly reduce the values of COD, BOD<SUB>5</SUB> and ADMI by 76%, 82% and 81% considering initial values 1185, 1440mg/L and 950 units, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Macrophyte <I>S. molesta</I> showed a potential for textile dyes and effluent treatment </LI> <LI> A possible dye degradation pathway of Rubine GFL by <I>S. molesta</I> is proposed </LI> <LI> <I>S. molesta</I> in constructed lagoon treated 52,500L of textile effluent </LI> <LI> Phytotoxicity assay revealed less toxic nature of by-products after treatment </LI> <LI> Anatomical study of stem revealed entry and removal of Rubine GFL </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

District-wise estimation of Basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 in India in the initial phase

Shil Pratip,Atre Nitin M.,Patil Avinash A.,Tandale Babasaheb V.,Abraham Priya 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.1

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 was introduced into India by multiple sources generating local clusters and leading to the nationwide spread. A retrospective study has been conducted on the epidemiological features and spatial spread of COVID-19 in India during February 2020–March 2021. For each district, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases were fitted to exponential growth model for the initial phase of the outbreak (the first 7–15 days). From the estimated growth rate, epidemiological parameters like the Basic reproduction number (R0) and epidemic doubling time (s) were determined. Using Q-GIS software, we have generated the all India distribution maps for R0 and s. COVID-19 spread rapidly covering majority of the districts of India between March and June 2020. As on 1st March 2021, a total of 715 out of 717 districts have been affected. The R0 range is at par with the global average. A few districts, where outbreaks were caused by migrant workers coming home, intense transmission was recorded R0[7. We also found that the spread of COVID-19 was not uniform across the different districts of India. The methodology developed in the study can be used by researchers and public health professionals to analyze and study epidemics in future.

Solvatochromism, Aggregation and Photochemical Properties of Fullerenes, C60 and C70, in Solution

Jai.P.Mittal,SukhenduNath,HaridasPal,Avinash.V.Sapre 한국광과학회 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1

Solvatochromism, Aggregation and Photochemical Properties of Fullerenes, $C_{60} and C_{70}$, in Solution

Nath, Sukhendu,Pal, Haridas,Sapre, Avinash.V.,Mittal, Jai.P. Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1

Fullerenes, $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$, display interesting physicochemical properties in solutions, especially due to their unique chemical structures and their good electron accepting abilities. Solubility of fullerenes in different organic solvents and their unusual solvatochromic behavior, the ability of the fullerenes to form aggregates in solutions, and their electron transfer and charge transfer interactions with variety of electron donors, are the subjects of extensive research activities for more than one decade. Many research groups including ours have contributed substantially in the understanding of the solvatochromism, aggregation behavior, and the photoinduced electron transfer and charge transfer chemistry of fullerenes, in condensed phase. Present article is aimed to summarize the important results reported on the above aspects of fullerenes, subsequent to the earlier report from our group (D.K. Palit and J.P. Mittal, Full. Sci. & Tech. 3, 1995, 643-659).)., 643-659)..

Phytobeds with <i>Fimbristylis dichotoma</i> and <i>Ammannia baccifera</i> for treatment of real textile effluent: An <i>in situ</i> treatment, anatomical studies and toxicity evaluation

Kadam, Suhas K.,Chandanshive, Vishal V.,Rane, Niraj R.,Patil, Swapnil M.,Gholave, Avinash R.,Khandare, Rahul V.,Bhosale, Amrut R.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2018 Environmental research Vol.160 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Fimbristylis dichotoma, Ammannia baccifera</I> and their co-plantation consortium FA independently degraded Methyl Orange, simulated dye mixture and real textile effluent. Wild plants of <I>F. dichotoma</I> and <I>A. baccifera</I> with equal biomass showed 91% and 89% decolorization of Methyl Orange within 60h at a concentration of 50ppm, while 95% dye removal was achieved by consortium FA within 48h. Floating phyto-beds with co-plantation (<I>F. dichotoma</I> and <I>A. baccifera</I>) for the treatment of real textile effluent in a constructed wetland was observed to be more efficient and achieved 79%, 72%, 77%, 66% and 56% reductions in ADMI color value, COD, BOD, TDS and TSS of textile effluent, respectively. HPTLC, GC-MS, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy and activated oxido-reductive enzyme activities confirmed the phytotrasformation of parent dye in to new metabolites. T-RFLP analysis of rhizospheric bacteria of <I>F. dichotoma</I>, <I>A. baccifera</I> and consortium FA revealed the presence of 88, 98 and 223 genera which could have been involved in dye removal. Toxicity evaluation of products formed after phytotransformation of Methyl Orange by consortium FA on bivalves <I>Lamellidens marginalis</I> revealed less damage of the gills architecture when analyzed histologically. Toxicity measurement by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique revealed bivalve DNA banding pattern in treated Methyl Orange sample suggesting less toxic nature of phytotransformed dye products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>F. dichotoma</I> L. and <I>A. baccifera</I> L. decolorized Methyl Orange and real textile dye effluent. </LI> <LI> Co-plantation of <I>F. dichotoma</I> L. and <I>A. baccifera</I> L. gave more efficient dye removal. </LI> <LI> Possible degradation pathways of Methyl Orange by all three systems are proposed. </LI> <LI> Effluents were treated note-worthily in floating phyto-beds by plants. </LI> <LI> Toxicity study on bivalve revealed less toxic nature of dye products. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

District-wise estimation of Basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 in India in the initial phase

Shil Pratip,Atre Nitin M.,Patil Avinash A.,Tandale Babasaheb V.,Abraham Priya 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.2

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 was introduced into India by multiple sources generating local clusters and leading to the nationwide spread. A retrospective study has been conducted on the epidemiological features and spatial spread of COVID-19 in India during February 2020–March 2021. For each district, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases were fitted to exponential growth model for the initial phase of the outbreak (the first 7–15 days). From the estimated growth rate, epidemiological parameters like the Basic reproduction number (R0) and epidemic doubling time (s) were determined. Using Q-GIS software, we have generated the all India distribution maps for R0 and s. COVID-19 spread rapidly covering majority of the districts of India between March and June 2020. As on 1st March 2021, a total of 715 out of 717 districts have been affected. The R0 range is at par with the global average. A few districts, where outbreaks were caused by migrant workers coming home, intense transmission was recorded R0[7. We also found that the spread of COVID-19 was not uniform across the different districts of India. The methodology developed in the study can be used by researchers and public health professionals to analyze and study epidemics in future.