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김정윤,조희찬,( L. G. Austin1 ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1
일반적으로 제품 생산에 활용되는 습식 볼밀 운전 조건 하에서는 굵은 입자들이 1차 분쇄 모델에 의해 예상되는 것보다 적게 배출되는 내부 분급 현상이 나타난다. 이러한 현상을 이해하기 위해서 4가지 방법의 보정 방법을 적용하여 보았다. 첫째는 밀 배출구에 가상의 분급 장치의 존재를 가정하는 것이고, 두 번째는 입도별로 다른 체류 시간을 가정하는 것이다. 셋째는 분쇄율(Specific rates of breakage) 공식을 수정하여 시간에 따라 분쇄율이 변한다고 가정하는 것이고, 넷째는 1차 분쇄 모델이 아닌 비 1차 분쇄 모델(non-first order breakage kinetics)을 도입하는 것이다. 네 가지 방식에 대해 문헌에 제시된 분쇄 실험 결과를 활용하여 적용 작업을 수행하였으며, 넷째 방법을 제외한 다른 방법들은 보정 작업이 간단한 반면 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 각 방법들에 적용되는 변수값들의 변화폭이 크게 나타났다. 반면 넷째 방법에서는 보정 작업은 복잡하지만 변수값들의 변화가 작았다. 이는 내부 분급 현상이 비 1차 반응에 의해 주로 발생한다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다.
Austine D. D’Souza,Shrikantha S. Rao,Mervin A. Herbert 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.9
A vast majority of the research on friction stir welding(FSW) is mainly focused on welding of aluminium alloys. The researchstudies in this paper are based on one such alloy known as Al–Ce–Si–Mg aluminium alloy, of which, the microstructure andother mechanical properties of the friction stir welded joints are yet to be studied. The plates of Al–Ce–Si–Mg aluminiumalloy were friction stir welded using a non consumable, rotating tool with triangular profile pin and circular shoulder, withdifferent combinations of tool rotation speeds and weld speeds. The microstructure, hardness and mechanical properties ofthe weld were analyzed. The microstructure of the weld zones revealed that, the average grain size at the bottom of the NuggetZone (NZ) is 5 ± 0.12 μm and gradually increases to 15 ± 0.23 μm at the top of the NZ. In the TMAZ the grain size is20 ± 0.14 μm and is bigger compared to the NZ. In the HAZ, the grain size is around 37 ± 0.21 μm and is bigger than that inthe TMAZ. The maximum Vickers hardness value at the NZ center is 231.9 ± 2 Hv, and uniformly reduces to 100 ± 2.4 Hvin the TMAZ and 65 ± 1.3 Hv in the HAZ and then increases to 98 ± 1 Hv in the base material (BM). The maximum ultimatetensile strength (UTS) of FSW joint was found to be around 102.55 ± 3 MPa with elongation at fracture of 2.5%. The BMUTS was 154 ± 4.5 MPa. For a tool rotation speed of 800RPM and a weld speed of 20 mm/min a maximum joint efficiencyof 67%. was obtained. Hence these were chosen as the optimum process parameters to join the alloy Al–Ce–Si–Mg by FSW.
Austine Efut Ofem,Godwin Chidi Ugwunnadi,Ojen Kumar Narain,Jong Kyu Kim 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2023 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.28 No.3
In this article, we introduce the hyperbolic space version of a faster iterative algorithm. The proposed iterative algorithm is used to approximate the common fixed point of three multi-valued almost contraction mappings and three multi-valued mappings satisfying condition $(E)$ in hyperbolic spaces. The concepts weak $w^2$-stability involving three multi-valued almost contraction mappings are considered. Several strong and $\triangle$-convergence theorems of the suggested algorithm are proved in hyperbolic spaces. We provide an example to compare the performance of the proposed method with some well-known methods in the literature.
Classification(s) of Cervical Deformity
Austin C. Kaidi,Han Jo Kim 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.4
Cervical spine deformities (CSD) are complex surgical issues with currently heterogenous management strategies. The classification of CSD is still an evolving field. Rudimentary classification schemas were initially proposed in the late 20th century but were largely informal and based on the underlying etiology (i.e. , postsurgical, traumatic, or inflammatory). The first formal classification schema was proposed by Ames et al. in 2015 who established a standard nomenclature for describing these deformities. This classification system established 5 deformity descriptors based on curve apex location (cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, craniovertebral junctional, and coronal deformities) and 5 deformity modifiers which helped surgeons utilize a standard language when discussing CSD patients. Koller et al. in 2019 subsequently established a classification system for patients with rigid cervical kyphosis based on regional and global sagittal alignment. Most recently, Kim et al. in 2020 proposed an updated classification system utilizing dynamic cervical spine imaging to guide surgical treatment of CSD patients. It identified 4 major groups of deformities – (1) those with “flat-neck” deformities caused by cervical lordosis T1 slope mismatch; (2) those with focal kyphotic deformities between 2 cervical vertebrae; (3) those with cervicothoracic deformities caused by large T1 slope; and (4) those with coronal deformities. Group 2 deformities most often required combined anterior-posterior approaches with short constructs, and group 3 deformities most often required posterior-only approaches with 3-column osteotomies.
An Overview and Update of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia for Primary Care Physicians
Austin Granatowicz,Caroline I. Piatek,Elizabeth Moschiano,Ihab El-Hemaidi,Joel D. Armitage,Mojtaba Akhtari 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemias. Forty percent of patients with CML are asymptomatic, in whom the disease is detected solely based on laboratory abnormalities. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in 2001, CML has become a chronic disease for the majority of patients. Primary care physicians may be the first to recognize a new diagnosis of CML. In patients with known CML, the primary care physician may be the first to detect disease progression or adverse effects to therapy. This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment considerations of CML.