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The dynamics of interacting folds under biaxial compressive stresses
Shin, Hyunjae,Dixit, Atray C.,Stone, Howard A.,Abkarian, Manouk,Kim, Pilnam The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 SOFT MATTER Vol.12 No.15
<P>The gradual in-plane compression of a solid film bonded to a soft substrate can lead to surface wrinkling and even to the formation of a network of folds for sufficiently high strain. An understanding of how these folds initiate, propagate, and interact with each other is still lacking. In a previous study, we developed an experimental system to observe the wrinkle-to-fold transition of layered elastic materials under biaxial compressive stresses. Here we focus on the dynamic interaction of a pair of propagating folds under biaxial compression. We find experimentally that their behavior is mediated through their tips and depends on the separation of the tips and their angle of interception. When the angle is lower than 458, the two folds either form a unique fold by the coalescence of their tips when close enough, or bend their trajectories to intersect each other and form a lenticular region in analogy with cracks. When the angle is higher then 458, the folds simply intersect and form a T-like junction. We rationalize this behavior by conducting numerical simulations to visualize the stress field around the two tips and find that the initial geometric position of the tips primarily determines the final state of the folds.</P>
Study of a novel phenolic-ester as antioxidant additive in lube, biodiesel and blended diesel
Raj K. Singh,Aruna Kukrety,Om P. Sharma,Siddharth Baranwal,Neeraj Atray,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-
A novel phenolic-ester denoted as Bz–4–tBz was synthesized by esterification reaction between the1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenyl alcohol in N,N0-dimethyla-cetamide using N,N0-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as catalyst. The Bz–4–tBz was evaluated as antioxidantin polyol by the rotatory bomb oxidation test while the Rancimat test were also done for evaluating theantioxidant potential in the biodiesel (B100) and blended diesel (B20). The RBOT time of polyol wasobserved to be increased from 6.72 min to 17.42 min when blended 2000 mg/kg Bz–4–tBz in it. Theoxidation stability of biodiesel (B100) and blended diesel (B20) was also found to be increased.
Raj K. Singh,Shubham Pandey,Rakesh C. Saxena,Gananath D. Thakre,Neeraj Atray,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.26 No.-
Two additives CySBE-A and B were prepared via a two step synthesis. First, the cystine schiff base (CySB) was synthesized utilizing 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the second step, its esterification with lauroyl alcohol and 2-ethyl hexanol results the final products CySBE-A and B respectively. Both additives were evaluated as multifunctional additive in polyol base oil for antioxidant, antifriction, antiwear and anticorrosion property. Universal oxidation test (IP-306) was used for evaluating antioxidant property. Antifriction and antiwear properties in terms of average friction coefficient and wear scar diameter (WSD) were evaluated using four ball test. The CySBE-A was found to be effective than CySBE-B.