Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages

Ertekin Ibrahim,Atis Ibrahim,Aygun Yusuf Ziya,Yilmaz Saban,Kizilsimsek Mustafa 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen, and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were evaluated. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set in main plot and cultivars in split plot in the field. Plants were harvested at full-flowering stage with dry matter content about 220 g/kg for first cutting and 260 g/kg for second cutting. Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2 to 3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3±0.1 kg. Results: Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars, but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. The significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose. Conclusion: It can be recommended 150 kg/ha nitrogen dose for annual ryegrass harvested at full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value. Objective: The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen, and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were evaluated.Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set in main plot and cultivars in split plot in the field. Plants were harvested at full-flowering stage with dry matter content about 220 g/kg for first cutting and 260 g/kg for second cutting. Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2 to 3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3±0.1 kg.Results: Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars, but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. The significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose.Conclusion: It can be recommended 150 kg/ha nitrogen dose for annual ryegrass harvested at full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value.

Spectroscopic, microscopic and antibacterial studies of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles at room temperature using Psidium guajava leaf extract

Tatan Ghosh,Amarnath Chattopadhyay,Atis Chandra Mandal,Subhamay Pramanik,Sumit Mukherjee,Probodh Kumar Kuiri 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.12

Spectroscopic, microscopic and size dependent antibacterial efficiency of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by green approach were studied. Five different samples of Ag NPs having average sizes in the range of ~14 to ~21 nm were synthesized using Psidium guajava (Guava) leaf extract (0.25ml, 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 4ml, respectively) in 50ml aqueous AgNO3 solution of molar concentration of 1mM. The sizes of the NPs were found to increase with increase in concentration of leaf extract. Such increase in NP size is mainly due to the increase in biomolecules, in the solution, that transforms the Ag ions to Ag NPs. Spectroscopic and microscopic properties of as-synthesized Ag NPs were obtained by characterizing the prepared samples using suitable and affordable methodologies. These Ag NPs showed significant size dependent antibacterial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum lethal concentration of the sample showing highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was determined as 40 g/ml and 80 g/ml, respectively. Percentage of survivability was also measured through viable plate count. The smallest Ag NPs (average size ~14 nm) considered here produced the best antibacterial activity against the tested E. coli compared to Ag NPs having larger sizes at identical bacterial concentration. The enhanced antibacterial efficiency for smaller Ag NPs is mainly due to larger surface area-to-volume ratio of smaller NPs. The probable mechanism of bio-reduction of silver ions and formation of Ag NPs has also been well explained, which justifies the result obtained in this work.

The Effects of Pyrite Ash on the Compressive Strength Properties of Briquettes

Ozlem Celik Sola,Cengiz Duran Atis 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.16 No.7

The aim of this study is to investigate the utilization of Pyrite Ash (PA) in the production of briquettes as a replacement of clay or soil. To achieve this, first, the characterization of the materials used (clayey soil and pyrite ash) was made using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR). Particle size distribution and microstructure elemental analyses of these materials were also obtained using a particle size analyzer (Mastersizer) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Following the characterization of the materials, the samples of briquettes made with or without addition of PA were prepared and sintered at 950 and 1000oC in the furnace. The PA replacement ratios with clayey soil were 0, 5, 10, 20% in mass basis (w/w). Compressive strength and bulk densities of briquettes produced were measured and the results were presented. Compressive strength results of the briquette samples indicated that pyrite ash containing briquettes with 35 MPa compressive strength, which was higher than the requirements of Turkish Standard Specification (TS EN 771-1), can be obtained. It is also recorded that for each mixture, compressive strength values obtained at 1000oC were higher than that of obtained at 950oC. XRD analyze was performed on sintered briquette sample made with 10% PA which have the highest compressive strength value. The XRD results showed that peaks are Quartz (SiO2), Hematite (Fe2O3),Ortoclase (KAlSi3O8), Albite (Na(AlSi3O8)), Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and Gehlenite (2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2).

Effects of Milled Cut Steel Fibers on the Properties of Concrete

Okan Karahan,Erdogan Ozbay,Cengiz D. Atis,Mohamed Lachemi,Khandaker M. A. Hossain 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.7

This study presents the mechanical and transport properties of milled cut steel fiber reinforced concretes (MCSFRC). Properties studied include unit weight, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, bond strength, water absorption, water porosity, water sorptivity, rapid chloride ion permeability and drying shrinkage of concrete. Mixtures with a waterbinder ratio of 0.40, total binder content of 500 kg/m3 and milled cut steel fiber content of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% by concrete volume were produced and tested. The laboratory results showed a slight reduction in compressive strength with the use of milled cut steel fiber. On the other hand milled cut steel fibers significantly improved the tensile strength and decreased the drying shrinkage. Although no significant increase was observed in the absorption, porosity and sorptivity, chloride ion permeability increased drastically with the increase of milled cut steel fiber content.

Comparison of Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Combination of Hyaluronic Acid-Chondroitin Sulfate Therapies in Animal Model of Interstitial Cystitis

Yavuz Onur Danacioglu,Bulent Erol,Seyma Ozkanli,Asif Yildirim,Ramazan Gokhan Atis,Mesrur Selcuk Silay,Turhan Caskurlu 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: Three intravesical treatment agents were compared in an interstitial cystitis rat model: chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and combined hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate. Methods: Thirty-five female rats were divided into 5 groups: control (group I), isotonic (group II), chondroitin sulfate (group III), hyaluronic acid (group IV), and hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate (group V). Chemical cystitis was induced in all experimental groups by intravesical instillation of 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 15 minutes via the transurethral route. The treatment was administered every other day for 3 sessions 2 days after inducing chemical cystitis. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl, 1 mL of 0.2% sodium chondroitin sulfate, 1 mL of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, and 1 mL of 2% sodium chondroitin sulfate+1.6% sodium hyaluronic acid, respectively. On day 7, the animals were sacrificed and the bladders were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in vascular congestion (P=0.006). The grade of submucosal edema in groups II and IV was significantly higher than in group I (P=0.006, P=0.006, respectively). In group I, the grade of granulation tissue was lower than the other 4 groups, but no significant difference was found between the remaining groups (P=0.016). Neutrophil cell infiltration was more intense in groups II and IV than in group I (P=0.006, P=0.006, respectively). Significant differences in the leukocyte and mast cell count were detected between groups II and IV (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Abnormal zonula occludens-1 and uroplakin-III immunoreactivity in group II was higher than in groups I, III, or V (P=0.002, P=0.010, respectively). Interleukin-8 expression was lower in group V than in group II (P=0.001). Conclusion: A single treatment of chondroitin sulfate and combined hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate treatment demonstrated efficacy by suppressing inflammation and achieving improvements in the urothelium.

An evaluation of the effect of repeated doses of oral activated charcoal on the depletion of enrofloxacin residual levels in chicken breast muscles.

Abd El-Aty, Abd El-Aty M,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Park, Jong-Hyouk,Shim, Jae-Han P. Parey 2007 Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Woc Vol.120 No.5

<P>The purpose of this study was to determine whether concurrent oral administration of activated charcoal has an affect on the depletion of the residual concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in chicken breast muscles. Sixty-four broiler chickens were divided into four groups (n = 16 per group), one given a daily oral dose of enrofloxacin with feed at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days (control group) and the others given the same dose of enrofloxacin simultaneously with activated charcoal at a dose rate of 0.5, 1, and 2 % of daily feed for 5 days (treatment groups). At the end of treatment, 2 hens were sacrificed at each of the sampling time points (6,12, 18,48, 72,96,120 and 144 h after completion of dosing), breast muscles were collected and analyzed. Supercritical fluid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography methods were used to determine the enrofloxacin residue levels in chicken breast muscles.The limit of quantification (LOQ) 16.5 microg/kg, was lower than the maximum residue levels (MRL) fixed by the Commission of the European Union. For all the time periods, charcoal treatment did not affect enrofloxacin tissue concentrations except at 12 and 48 h post treatment.To our knowledge, no studies on the depletion of enrofloxacin in the presence and absence of activated charcoal in chicken muscles have been performed. Although our current understanding is incomplete, multiple dose activated charcoals may play a role in the therapy of overdose.To prove this, further investigation is warranted.</P>

In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Decursin and Decursinol Angelate on the Catalytic Activity of Cytochrome P.450 1A1/2, 2D15, and 3A12 Isoforms in Canine Hepatic Microsomes

EI-Aty, A.M. Abd,Shah, Syed Sher,Kim, Bo-Mee,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Cho, Hee-Jung,Yi, Hee,Chang, Byung-Joon,Shin, Ho-Chul,Lee, Kang-Bong,Shimoda, Minoru,Shim, Jae-Han 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.11

Danggui is one of the most popular herbal medicines consumed by patients in different clinical settings in Asian countries. In this study, the two major pyranocoumarin compounds extracted from the Korean Angelica gigas root decursin (DC) and decursinol angelate (DA) were examined in vitro with regard to their abilities to inhibit hepatic CYP1A1/2, CYP2D15, and CYP3A12 catalytic activities in canine liver microsomes. The two components were capable of inhibiting CYP1A1/2, CYP2D15, and CYP3A12 catalytic activities, but the potencies varied. DC and DA selectively and noncompetitively inhibited CYP1A1/2 activity, with $K_i$ values of 90.176 and $67.560{\mu}M$, respectively. On the other hand, they exhibited slight inhibitory effects on CYP2D15 and CYP3A12 with Ki values of 666.180 and $872.502{\mu}M$, 990.500 and $909.120{\mu}M$ (1'hydroxymidazolam, MDZ1'H), and 802.800 and $853.920{\mu}M$ (4-hydroxymidazolam, MDZ4H), respectively. Additionally, they showed increased inhibition after preincubation, which suggests the involvement of a mechanism-based inhibition. In sum, this in vitro data should be heeded as a signal of possible in vivo interactions. The use of human liver preparations would considerably strengthen the practical impact of the data generated from this study.

Development and validation of a method for the analysis of cafenstrole and its metabolite in brown rice grains and rice straw using high-performance liquid chromatography

Abd El-Aty, A. M.,Lee, Go-Woon,Mamun, M. I. R.,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Cho, Soon-Kil,Shin, Ho-Chul,Shim, Jae-Han John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Biomedical chromatography Vol.22 No.3

<P>The present work reports the extraction and clean-up procedures, as well as the chromatographic conditions developed, for the determination of cafenstrole and its metabolite (CHM-03) residues in brown rice grains and rice straw using HPLC-UV detection. The method makes use of an Apollo C<SUB>18</SUB> column and acetonitrile : water : acetic acid as a mobile phase for both cafenstrole and its metabolite in rice and rice straw. Using these conditions cafenstrole and its metabolite were resolved with a retention time (R<SUB>t</SUB>) of less than 14 min. The analytes were confirmed using positive atmospheric pressure ionization LC-MS with selected ion monitoring. The average recoveries of cafenstrole were found to be 87.0–92.5 and 87.6–88.3%. However, they ranged from 81.5 to 81.6% and from 76.1 to 78.5% for cafenstrole metabolite (CHM-03), in rice grains and rice straw, respectively, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.4 to 6.6%. The limits of detection (LODs) of both cafenstrole and its metabolite were 0.002 and 0.02 ppm and 0.025 and 0.04 ppm, respectively. Field trials with recommended or double the recommended dose revealed that the herbicide could safely be recommended for application in rice and rice straw as no residues were detected in the harvest samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Residues of Diazinon in Growing Chinese cabbage : A study Under Greenhouse Conditions

Khay, Sathya,Aty, A. M. Abd El,Lim, Kye-Taek,Shim, Jae-Han 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Pharmacokinetic variables of moxifloxacin in healthy male camels following intravenous and intramuscular administration

ABD EL-ATY, A. M.,GOUDAH, A.,SHAH, S. S.,SHIN, H.-C.,SHIMODA, M.,SHIM, J.-H. BLACKWELL SCIENTIFIC PUB 2007 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC Vol.30 No.6