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Atinderpal Kaur,Reema Gabrani,Shweta Dang 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.4
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a broad spectrum synthetic antibiotic that can be used to treat many bacterial infections. But the rising antibiotic resistance has limited its use. Combining it with a natural antimicrobial compound could enhance the therapeutic value as well as effectiveness against resistant bacteria. In the present work, a nanoemulsion loaded with polyphenon 60 and Cipro was analyzed by using different assays such as microtiter dish biofilm assay to check the antibacterial potential, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) to analyze cyto-toxicity of formulation, adhesion assay and confocal laser microscopy to identify the mechanism of antibacterial effect of the formulation. Further, growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of nanoemulsion was also recorded. The antibacterial study showed that the nanoemulsion inhibited the formation of biofilm with average % inhibition of 89% as compared to aqueous formulation showing average % inhibition of 67% at their minimum inhibitory concentrations. The cell toxicity studies confirmed that the nano formulation was not toxic against vero cells with % viability of ~ 78% than the aqueous solution ~ 61% and placebo ~ 37%. The nanoemulsion was also able to inhibit the bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and growth of E. coli at the 2nd hour of inoculation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the formulation exert its antibacterial activity by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Hence, the results concluded that the developed nanoemulsion loaded with polyphenon 60 and Cipro had enhanced antibacterial activity and it could further be explored for the management of urinary tract infection.
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Symbiotic Organisms Search Response to Distributed Database Queries
Atinderpal Singh,Krishan Kumar,Rajinder Singh Virk,김혜진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11
This paper has prime focus on the query optimization problem in distributed database environment. Query Processing is the major concept involved in distributed system. Data that is dispersed geographically at different locations is too gathered at resulting user site. There are many different execution actions that lead to same query result but differ in the cost incurred in query processing. We have to consider the execution strategy that yields optimal result. Communication cost is the major cost incurred when we talk about query processing in distributed system. Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm (Meta-heuristic) has been applied for query optimization in distributed environment. Result obtained using this meta-heuristic approach is compared with several optimization approaches. Results reveal the better performance of the algorithm for solving the hard problem of query processing in distributed database environment.
KCI
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