The Distribution of Failure in Medical and Health Insurance Claim: The Implications of Multiple Binary Logistic Regressions

Norimah RAMBELI,Norasibah Abdul JALIL,Nooraisah KATMON,Asmawi HASHIM,Emilda HASHIM,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.11

An Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract

Mun Fei Yam,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi,Rusliza Basir 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.2

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a standardized Orthosiphon stamineusmethanol:water (50:50vol/vol) leaf extract (SEOS) were evaluated in animal models. Oral administration of SEOS at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kgsignificantly reduced the hind paw edema in rats at 3 and 5 hours after carrageenan administration (P. .01 and P. .01; P..01 and P. .05, respectively). SEOS (1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) also produced significant (P. .05) analgesic activity in both theacetic acid-induced writhing test and the formalin-induced licking test (late phase) in mice and rats, respectively. However,SEOS showed no effect on the tail flick and hot plate tests in mice. The results of the present study support the proposal thatO. stamineushas anti-inflammatory and non-narcotic analgesic activities. These findings justify the traditional use of the plantfor treating pain and inflammation.

Orthosiphon stamineus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Omar Z. Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Mohammad Zaini Asmawi,Zaid O. Ibraheem,Mun Fei Yam 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lambiaceae) is an important plant in traditional folk medicine. This review is a comprehensive summary of the currently available chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. Different in vitro and in vivo models have been addressed along with a survey of all phytochemicals identified in this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. Previous studies revealed that O. stamineus possesses several pharmacological activities, which are attributed to its phytochemical content. It was found that O. stamineus exhibits diuretic, hypouricemic, renal protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, and anorexic activities. In conclusion, O. stamineus has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.

Antimicrobial activity of Gynura segetum’s leaf extracts and its active fractions

Lay-Jing Seow,Hooi-Kheng Beh,Pazilah Ibrahim,Amirin Sadikun,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.2 No.2

Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr. (Compositae) is a well recognized medicinal plant in Indonesia and Malaysia. It is believed to have an anticoagulant effect and is used in treating snake-bites, inflammations and other skin afflictions. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Gynura segetum leaves extracts and its fractions. The chemical compositions of the active extracts were also determined. The antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts of leaves of Gynura segetum were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the active subfractions was determined by the tube dilution method. Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify the chemical compositions of the active extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction and its subfraction E4 performed potent antimicrobial activities and fifteen known chemical constituents were identified by GCMS analysis as 4-vinylphenol, 1-tetradecene, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-hexadecene, E-15-heptadecenal, hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester, 1-docosene, octadecanoic acid, 1-eicosene, cyclotetracosane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, butanedioic acid, monomethyl ester, niacin and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. The results of this study suggested a connection between the antimicrobial activities and the chemical structures. The plant may be used as a potential source for antimicrobial agents.

Effects of Extracts and Fractions of Gynura procumbens on Rat Atrial Contraction

Omar Saad Saleh Abrika,Mun Fei Yam,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi,Amirin Sadikun,Hamady Dieng,Elssanousi Ali Hussain 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.4

There is currently a great deal of research interest in utilizing plant compounds against humandiseases, including hypertension. The present study investigated the effects of differentextracts and fractions from leaves of Gynura procumbens Merr. on rat atrial contractionin vitro. Isolated left and right atria, mounted in a 20-ml organ bath, were allowed to equilibratefor 15 min before the application of the extracts or fractions. The extracts (petroleum-ether extract (PE) and methanol extract (ME)) and the fractions (chloroform fraction(CHL), ethyl-acetate fraction (EA), n-butanol fraction (NB) and water fraction (WA) ofthe methanol extract) were tested at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), witha b-adrenergic agonist (isoprenaline) as a control. All data on contraction responses werelog-transformed and analyzed. When exposed to the different extracts, both atria tendedto exhibit greater contractive responses with the NB whereas cardiac contractions hada tendency to be reduced with most other extracts. For a given extract, the contraction responseswere particularly greater at 0.5 mg/ml for the right atrium and at 1 mg/ml for theleft atrium. Further analysis focusing on the NB fraction revealed that positive inotropismwas greater in left atria exposed to highly-concentrated F2 and F3 sub-fractions. Taken together,our results suggest that NB extracts and fractions from the G. procumbens-leafmethanol extract have positive inotropic activities and, hence, can be considered as an alternative/traditional medicine against increased blood pressure in humans or can be usedin strategies aimed at finding antihypertensive biomolecules from an accessible source.

Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench

Ameer, Omar Z.,Salman, Ibrahim M.,Quek, Ko Jin,Asmawi, Mohd. Z. KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1

Objectives: Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant's traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation. Methods: We surveyed available literature covering ethnopharmacological usage of L. ferrugineus and discussed relevant findings, including important future directions and shortcomings for the medicinal values of this parasitic shrub. Results: Evidence based pharmacological approaches significantly covered the medicinal application of L. ferrugineus for hypertension and gastrointestinal complaint management, with a particular focus on the active hydrophilic extract of this herb. Conclusion: Understanding the sites of action of this plant and its beneficial effects will provide justification for its use in old traditional treatments, and potentially lead to the development of therapies. Other medicinal applicative areas of this parasitic shrub, such as wound healing, gerontological effects, and antiviral and anticancer activities, are yet to be researched.

Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench

Omar Z. Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Ko Jin Quek,Mohd. Z. Asmawi 대한약침학회 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1

Objectives: Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant’s traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation. Methods: We surveyed available literature covering ethnopharmacological usage of L. ferrugineus and discussed relevant findings, including important future directions and shortcomings for the medicinal values of this parasitic shrub. Results: Evidence based pharmacological approaches significantly covered the medicinal application of L. ferrugineus for hypertension and gastrointestinal complaint management, with a particular focus on the active hydrophilic extract of this herb. Conclusion: Understanding the sites of action of this plant and its beneficial effects will provide justification for its use in old traditional treatments, and potentially lead to the development of therapies. Other medicinal applicative areas of this parasitic shrub, such as wound healing, gerontological effects, and antiviral and anticancer activities, are yet to be researched.

In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats

Harith Jameel Mahdi,Nurzalina Abdul Karim Khan,Mohd Zaini Bin Asmawi,Roziahanim Mahmud,Vikneswaran A/L Murugaiyah 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.1

Background: The medicinal uses of plants are in many cases based exclusively on traditional knowledge without enough scientific evidences. Different parts of Moringa oleifera were traditionally used for the treatment of wide variety of ailments including arthritis and joints pain. The present study had been designed to evaluate the anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive activities of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves, this being the most abundant plant part suitable for commercial mass production of botanical medicinal products. Methods: Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats was used as disease model. CFA-induced inflammatory paw edema, body weight, arthritic index, X-ray radiography, hematological parameters, and walk track and locomotion analysis were all evaluated for the assessment of disease progression. In addition to that, anti-nociceptive activity was examined at different dose levels in both normal and arthritic-induced rats using Eddy's hot plate and tail flick thermal analgesia. Results: The analysis of various arthritic assessment parameters used in this study revealed that Moringa extract has a considerable effect in preventing development or ameliorate arthritis disease severity. Moreover, the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves revealed significant anti-nociceptive activity at in both normal and CFA-induced arthritis rats in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves appears to be a really promising as analgesic and arthritis medication, but a larger and more detailed preclinical and clinical studies especially in human is highly recommended.

Vasorelaxation Study and Tri-Step Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Malaysian Local Herbs

Ch'ng, Yung Sing,Tan, Chu Shan,Loh, Yean Chun,Ahmad, Mariam,Asmawi, Mohd. Zaini,Yam, Mun Fei KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate the activities of Malaysian local herbs (Clinacanthus nutans Lindau, Strobilanthes crispus, Murdannia bracteata, Elephantopus scaber Linn., Pereskia bleo, Pereskia grandifolia Haw., Vernonia amygdalina, and Swietenia macrophylla King) for anti-hypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. An infrared (IR) macro-fingerprinting technique consisting of conventional fourier transform IR (FTIR), second-derivative IR (SD-IR), and two-dimensional correlation IR (2D-correlation IR) analyses were used to determine the main constituents and the fingerprints of the Malaysian local herbs. Methods: The herbs were collected, ground into powder form, and then macerated by using three different solvents: distilled water, 50% ethanol, and 95% ethanol, respectively. The potentials of the extracts produced from these herbs for use as vasorelaxants were determined. Additionally, the fingerprints of these herbs were analyzed by using FTIR spectra, SD-IR spectra, and 2D-correlation IR spectra in order to identify their main constituents and to provide useful information for future pharmacodynamics studies. Results: Swietenia macrophylla King has the highest potential in terms of vasorelaxant activity, followed by Vernonia amygdalina, Pereskia bleo, Strobilanthes crispus, Elephantopus scaber Linn., Pereskia grandifolia Haw., Clinacanthus nutans Lindau, and Murdannia bracteata. The tri-step IR macro-fingerprint of the herbs revealed that most of them contained proteins. Pereskia bleo and Pereskia grandifolia Haw. were found to contain calcium oxalate while Swietenia macrophylla King was found to contain large amounts of flavonoids. Conclusion: The flavonoid content of the herbs affects their vasorelaxant activity, and the tri-step IR macro-fingerprint method can be used as an analytical tool to determine the activity of a herbal medicine in terms of its vasorelaxant effect.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of traditional medicinal plants, Gynura segetum

Lay-Jing Seow,Hooi-Kheng Beh,Amirin Sadikun,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2014 TANG Vol.4 No.1

Gynura segetum, family Asteraceae is a cultivated species and can be found growing in the tropical regions of Indonesia and Malaysia. The plant is known for its use for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension and skin afflictions. In the current study, anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf has been investigated. The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf by using hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Different solvent extract of Gynura segetum leaf were tested, the most active methanol extract was further fractionated and tested. Among the extracts tested, the methanol extract showed a significant good anti-inflammatory effect (76.8% inhibition at 50 µg/disc) on the HET-CAM assay as compared with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (82.1% inhibition). However, the fractionated sample exhibited a significantly lower activity in comparison to crude methanol extract. The results demonstrated that Gynura segetum leaf displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory effects, which support the folkloric uses of this plant for treatment of inflammation.