Pitfalls of tourism development in Ethiopia: the case of Bahir Dar town and its surroundings

Birtukan Atinkut Asmare 한국사회과학협의회 2016 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.43 No.1

The history of tourism is one of the neglected themes in Ethiopian history. In Ethiopia, the development of modern tourism as an important economic sector can be traced back to the imperial regime. This was when the Ethiopian Tourist Organization (ETO) was founded in 1961. From then until the overthrow of the regime in 1974, the development of tourism showed a remarkable and smooth upward trend, as measured by the arrival of tourists. However, shortly after the military government assumed power in 1974, the growth of tourism was subject to adverse political and socioeconomic crises. The sector experienced a downward trend, with the number of annual tourist visits steadily decreasing from 50,220 to 28,984 at the national level. However, the seizure of power by a new government in 1991 brought about an environment relatively conducive to the growth of tourism with the adoption of a free market, relative stability, and infrastructure development. This paper sheds light on the history of tourism and its challenges in the context of the political, economic, and ideological shifts through three consecutive political regimes in Ethiopia: the imperial, Derg, and EPRDF. Information was collected from primary sources through interviews and focus group discussions with tourists, experts, hotel managers, and tour guides. Published and unpublished government reports were also consulted.

Effect of square stepping exercise for older adults to prevent fall and injury related to fall: systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidences

Berihu Fisseha,Balamurugan Janakiraman,Asmare Yitayeh,Hariharasudhan Ravichandran 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.1

토양중 Light Hydrocarbon의 용매추출에 미치는 계면활성제의 영향

Hwang. Keon-Joong,Atalay. Asmare 한국환경보건학회 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2

본 실험은 light hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양을 용매 추출할 때 계면활성제의 영향을 평가하고자 6가지의 계면활성제 (Witbreak DPG-482, Witbreak DRA-22, Witcomul 4016, Witcolate SL-1, Adsee 799, Triton X-100)와 2가지 용매(물, 메타놀)를 대상으로 실험하였다. Light hydrocarbon으로는 benzene, toluene, ethyl bnzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 그리고 n-butyl benzene등 9가지를 대상으로 하였다. 계면활성제중 Adsee-799과 Witbreadk DRA-22가 토양중 light hydrocarbon의 물추출 효율을 다소 증가시키는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 나머지 계면활성제는 효과가 없었다. 또한 물중의 계면활성제의 농도가 0.5%이하에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 계면활성제의 농도가 4%일때 평균 10.8%의 추출증가 효과가 있었다. 메타놀을 추출용매로 사용할 때에는 Witbread DPG-782와 Witbreak DRA-22가 약 10%의 추출증가 효과를 나타내고 있었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the surfactant solutions which influence solvent extraction from light hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, mxylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Adsee-799 and Witbreak DRA-22 showed some extractive capacity for light hydrocarbons from soil. There was no added advantage obtained by using other surfactants in this study. No removal of contaminants from soil was observed when the surfactant concentration was 0.5 percent or below. When the surfactant concentration was 4 percent, the average recovery for some hydrocarbons was 10.8 percent, which was the best obtained at these levels. There was 10 percent surfactant contribution for methanol extraction from soil with the Witbreak DPG-482 and Witbreak DRA-22. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

Light Hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양의 용매추출조건에 관한 연구

Hwang. Keon-Joong,Atalay. Asmare 한국환경보건학회 1997 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 실험은 석유의 주요성분인 benzene, toluene, p,m,o-xylene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-butylbenzene 등 light hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양의 회복에 필요한 최적 용매추출 조건을 밝히기 위하여 실시하였다. 토양의 수분함량이 증가할수록 추출효율은 감소하였으며, Methanol을 용매로 사용하였을때에 BTEX화합물은 1시간 추출시 최고 추출효율에 도달하였으며 고분자 hydrocarbon은 4시간이상 추출시 최고 추출효율에 도달하였다. 2-Propanol을 추출용매로 사용할때는 모든 light hydrocarbon은 추출 4시간 경과시 최고의 추출효율을 나타냈다. 추출용매와 토양의 비율이 2:1일때 가장 경제적이고 효율적이고 추출이 이루어 졌으며, 0.4mg/g이상의 토양오염 농도에서 최적의 추출효과가 나타났다. 위의 최적조건으로 light hydrocarbon 오염토양을 batch extraction을 이용하여 추출하였을 때 평균 66%의 light hydrocarbon이 회수되었으며, 회수율은 토양의 종류, 추출용매의 종류 그리고 hydrocarbon의 종류에 따라 좌우되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 석유에 오염된 토양의 회복을 위한 토양세척에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to establish an ideal condition for obtaining maximum extraction efficiencies using an array of soil types and under a wide variety of conditions. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Increasing the moisture content resulted in decreased recovery, and recovery of hydrocarbons from wet soils was significantly lower than from dry soils. For the batch extraction process, 4 hours of extraction time was sufficient to give optimum recovery of the contaminants. With methanol as an extraction solvent, maximum recovery time appeared to be reached quicker for BTEX components than with 2-propanol. The 2 to 1 ratio of solvent/soil was chosen as a compromise to provide for the indicated minimum solvent use and high extraction efficiency. The 0.4 mg/g soil contamination was adequate to show quantitative recovery. The percent recovery of BTEX was concentration dependent more than the semivolatile compounds. Methanol and 2-propanol consistently gave higher efficiency than water. Methanol was superior to 2-propanol in removing contaminants from silty clay loam soil. Using the most efficient extraction procedure, the average recovery of the light hydrocarbons from the three soils was 66 percent. Recoveries were also dependent on soil type, solvent type, extraction time, solvent amount, contaminant concentration, and compounds volatility. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

Incidence and Predictors of Recurrence among Breast Cancer Patients in Black Lion Specialized Hospital Adult Oncology Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-up Study with Survival Analysis

Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw,Yared Asmare Aynalem,Tadesse Yirga Akalu,Tefera Mulugeta Demelew 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.2

Currently, breast cancer is becoming a major public health problem for developing countries. In Ethiopia, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and constitutes a major public health concern. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and predictor of recurrence among breast cancer clients at Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, in 2018. We analyzed 513 patients out of 835 women breast cancer patients treated at Black Lion Specialized Hospital. Recurrent-free survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method, with comparisons between groups through the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of recurrence among breast cancer clients. The incidence rate of recurrence among breast cancer was 6.5% per (95% CI = 6.49-12.47) follow-up. The median recurrent-free survival time was 60.33 months (95% CI = 54.46- 62.30). Predictors of recurrence were negative estrogen receptor (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.53-7.62), high histologic grade (HR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.14-10.31), positive lymph node status (HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.14-10.31), clinical staging III (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.26-9.42), and involved deep surgical margin (HR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.14-8.61). This research showed that incidence of recurrence was high. Advanced clinical stage, positive nodal status, high histologic grade, negative estrogen receptor, and involved deep surgical margin were associated with higher recurrence rates. In contrast, hormonal therapy has a great role in decreasing the development of recurrence.

Effect of Surfactant on Solvent Extraction for Light Hydrocarbon from Soils

Hwang, Keon-Joong,Atalay, Asmare Korean Society of Environmental Health 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.1

본 실험은 light hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양을 용매 추출할 때 계면활성제의 영향을 평가하고자 6가지의 계면활성제 (Witbreak DPG-482, Witbreak DRA-22, Witcomul 4016, Witcolate SL-1, Adsee 799, Triton X-100)와 2가지 용매(물, 메타놀)를 대상으로 실험하였다. Light hydrocarbon으로는 benzene, toluene, ethyl bnzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 그리고 n-butyl benzene등 9가지를 대상으로 하였다. 계면활성제중 Adsee-799과 Witbreadk DRA-22가 토양중 light hydrocarbon의 물추출 효율을 다소 증가시키는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 나머지 계면활성제는 효과가 없었다. 또한 물중의 계면활성제의 농도가 0.5%이하에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 계면활성제의 농도가 4%일때 평균 10.8%의 추출증가 효과가 있었다. 메타놀을 추출용매로 사용할 때에는 Witbread DPG-782와 Witbreak DRA-22가 약 10%의 추출증가 효과를 나타내고 있었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the surfactant solutions which influence solvent extraction from light hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, mxylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Adsee-799 and Witbreak DRA-22 showed some extractive capacity for light hydrocarbons from soil. There was no added advantage obtained by using other surfactants in this study. No removal of contaminants from soil was observed when the surfactant concentration was 0.5 percent or below. When the surfactant concentration was 4 percent, the average recovery for some hydrocarbons was 10.8 percent, which was the best obtained at these levels. There was 10 percent surfactant contribution for methanol extraction from soil with the Witbreak DPG-482 and Witbreak DRA-22. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

Effect of scapular stabilization exercise program in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review

Hariharasudhan Ravichandran,Balamurugan Janakiraman,Asmare Yitayeh Gelaw,Berihu Fisseha,Subramanian Sundaram,Hidangmayum Richa Sharma 한국운동재활학회 2020 JER Vol.16 No.3

Effects of trunk exercise with physioball to improve trunk balance among subjects with stroke : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hariharasudhan Ravichandran,Hidangmayum Richa Sharma,Tsiwaye Gebreyesus Haile,Asmare Yitayeh Gelaw,Berihu Fisseha Gebremeskel,Balamurugan Janakiraman 한국운동재활학회 2020 JER Vol.16 No.4

Prevalence of palmar crease patterns and associated factors among students at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Daniel Gashaneh Belay,Misganaw Gebrie Worku,Meselech Ambaw Dessie,Yared Asmare,Molla Taye 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.2

Nutrition Evaluation Screening Tool: An Easy to Use Screening Tool for Hospitalised Children

Dokal, Kitt,Asmar, Nadia,Shergill-Bonner, Rita,Mutalib, Mohamed The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: Nutrition screening is vital to ensure patients are appropriately managed in hospital. In paediatrics there is currently no universally accepted nutrition screening tool. The Nutrition Evaluation Screening Tool (NEST) was developed as an easy to use and practical screening tool for hospitalised children. We aim to evaluate compliance of the NEST and assess agreement of the NEST with the already validated nutrition screening tools, Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) and the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) tool. Methods: Retrospective review of 102 patient episodes at the Evelina London Children's Hospital. Electronic records were used to assess NEST compliance and to complete the nutrition tools for each patient episode. Cohen's kappa was used to determine the level of agreement between each nutrition tool. Results: There was moderate agreement between the NEST and the two screening tools, STRONGkids (κ=0.472) and STAMP (κ=0.416) for patients on initial screening at admission. 87.2% of patient episodes were NEST compliant within 24 hours of admission to hospital. Conclusion: The moderate agreement between these two already validated screening tools enhances the NEST's validity as a paediatric screening tool. The NEST had the strongest correlation with the SGNA tool compared to other screening tools. The NEST is user friendly screening tool for hospitalised children.