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Baber, Ashleigh E.,Yang, Xiaofang,Kim, Hyun You,Mudiyanselage, Kumudu,Soldemo, Markus,Weissenrieder, Jonas,Senanayake, Sanjaya D.,Al‐,Mahboob, Abdullah,Sadowski, Jerzy T.,Evans, Jaime,Rodriguez, WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.21
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The oxidation of CO is the archetypal heterogeneous catalytic reaction and plays a central role in the advancement of fundamental studies, the control of automobile emissions, and industrial oxidation reactions. Copper‐based catalysts were the first catalysts that were reported to enable the oxidation of CO at room temperature, but a lack of stability at the elevated reaction temperatures that are used in automobile catalytic converters, in particular the loss of the most reactive Cu<SUP>+</SUP> cations, leads to their deactivation. Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, it is shown how the incorporation of titanium cations in a Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O film leads to the formation of a stable mixed‐metal oxide with a Cu<SUP>+</SUP> terminated surface that is highly active for CO oxidation.</P>
Kira Nagoshi,Zareen Zaidi,Ashleigh Wright,Carolyn Stalvey 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-
PurposePeer-assisted learning (PAL) promotes the development of communication, facilitates improvements in clinical skills, and is a way to provide feedback to learners. We utilized PAL as a conceptual framework to explore the feasibility of peer-assisted feedback (PAF) to improve note-writing skills without requiring faculty time. The aim was to assess whether PAL was a successful method to provide feedback on the United States Medical Licensing Exams (USMLE)-style clinical skills exam notes by using student feedback on a survey in the United States. MethodsThe University of Florida College of Medicine administers clinical skills examination (CSEs) that include USMLE-like note-writing. PAL, in which students support the learning of their peers, was utilized as an alternative to faculty feedback. Second-year (MS2) and third-year (MS3) medical students taking CSEs participated in faculty-run note-grading sessions immediately after testing, which included explanations of grading rubrics and the feedback process. Students graded an anonymized peer’s notes. The graded material was then forwarded anonymously to its student author to review. Students were surveyed on their perceived ability to provide feedback and the benefits derived from PAF using a Likert scale (1-6) and open-ended comments during the 2017-2018 academic year. ResultsStudents felt generally positively about the activity, with mean scores for items related to educational value of 4.49 for MS2s and 5.11 for MS3s (out of 6). MS3s perceived peer feedback as constructive, felt that evaluating each other’s notes was beneficial, and felt that the exercise would improve their future notes. While still positive, MS2 students gave lower scores than the MS3 students. ConclusionPAF was a successful method of providing feedback on student CSE notes, especially for MS3s. MS2s commented that although they learned during the process, they might be more invested in improving their note-writing as they approach their own USMLE exam.
Nahm, Minyeop,Long, A. Ashleigh,Paik, Sang Kyoo,Kim, Sungdae,Bae, Yong Chul,Broadie, Kendal,Lee, Seungbok The Rockefeller University Press 2010 The Journal of cell biology Vol.191 No.3
<P>Retrograde bone morphogenetic protein signaling mediated by the Glass bottom boat (Gbb) ligand modulates structural and functional synaptogenesis at the <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I> neuromuscular junction. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating postsynaptic Gbb release are poorly understood. In this study, we show that <I>Drosophila</I> Rich (dRich), a conserved Cdc42-selective guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein (GAP), inhibits the Cdc42–Wsp pathway to stimulate postsynaptic Gbb release. Loss of dRich causes synaptic undergrowth and strongly impairs neurotransmitter release. These presynaptic defects are rescued by targeted postsynaptic expression of wild-type dRich but not a GAP-deficient mutant. dRich inhibits the postsynaptic localization of the Cdc42 effector Wsp (<I>Drosophila</I> orthologue of mammalian Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASp), and manifestation of synaptogenesis defects in <I>drich</I> mutants requires Wsp signaling. In addition, dRich regulates postsynaptic organization independently of Cdc42. Importantly, dRich increases Gbb release and elevates presynaptic phosphorylated Mad levels. We propose that dRich coordinates the Gbb-dependent modulation of synaptic growth and function with postsynaptic development.</P>
Won-Suk Song,Han-Gyu Park,Seong-Min Kim,Sung-Hyun Jo,Byung-Gee Kim,Ashleigh B. Theberge,Yun-Gon Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are end products of fermentation by anaerobic gut microbiota. They can beused as beneficial metabolites to regulate the host’s physiological processes. Despite their importance,SCFAs are difficult to analyze with mass spectrometric technologies due to their poor ionizationefficiency and susceptibility to water loss during ionization of low molecular weight organic acids. Here,we developed a sensitive and reliable method to quantify SCFAs by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. SCFAs were chemicallyderivatized by Girard’s reagent T (GT), providing a permanent cationic charge. This techniquedemonstrated an excellent quantitative capacity, showing good linearity (R2> 0.99) and limit ofquantification (femtomole levels) forfive SCFAs (i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, andcaproate). Next, we applied this derivatization method to quantitate SCFAs from a small volume of totalextracellular metabolites produced by Eubacterium rectale (E. rectale), one of main butyrate-producinggut bacteria. GT-labeled SCFAs were quantitated well in small volumes of culture medium (5, 10, 15, and20 mL), with the amount of SCFA measured being proportional to the volume of culture medium, asexpected. We also investigated plant-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics that could enhance theproduction of butyrate by E. rectale. Finally, the production of butyrate was successfully monitored in aco-culture system for E. rectale and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) by analyzing GT-labeled butyrate. Taken together, our results suggest that this highly sensitive method would be useful for quantifyingSCFAs extracted from stool in an aqueous solution to monitor gut health.