Quantifying the Amount of Bleeding and Associated Changes in Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Mean Airway Pressure in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fixation Surgeries: A Comparison of Three Positioning Systems

Ashima Malhotra,Vikas Gupta,Mary Abraham,Pankaj Punetha,Yashpal Bundela 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.2

Study Design: Prospective, randomised controlled, single centre study of 45 patients posted for two level lumbar fixation surgery in the prone position. Purpose: To compare intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), mean airway pressure mean airway pressure and blood loss during the spine surgery in prone position using three different positioning systems. Overview of Literature: Studies have correlated IAP with the amount of perioperative bleeding. However, IAP and airway pressures while assessing the bleeding comparing two or more prone positioning systems are unclear. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on a cohort of 45 patients scheduled for two-level lumbar fixation. Patients were randomly allocated to a spine table, Wilson’s frame, and thermomodulated pads. Bladder pressure as an indicator of IAP, mean and peak airway pressures, and blood loss were monitored. Results: IAP increased whenever patient position was changed to prone .The increase in pressure was more in the Wilson’s frame group but was statistically significant only on prolonged positioning. Adopting the prone position always increased the mean airway pressure, but the increased was significant only in the Wilson’s frame group. Mean airway pressure decreased in the spine table group and was statistically significant. The blood loss in the spine table group was significantly less as compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Positioning on a spine table results in less blood loss and low mean airway pressure. The Wilson’s frame results in high IAP, increased mean airway pressure, and more blood loss. The thermomodulated frame increases mean airway pressure and produces a moderate increase in IAP and airway pressure.

Utilizing Information Technology in the Nonprofit Sector

Ashima Saigal,Sungsoo Hwang 한국지역정보화학회 2011 한국지역정보화학회지 Vol.14 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 비영리단체들의 역량강화와 성과측정을 위한 정보기술이용에 대한 의식을 고양하고자 한다. 일반적으로 비영리단체들이 정부조직이나 기업에 비해 정보기술활용이 떨어지고, 즉 섹터간에 정보격차(digital divide)가 존재하고 그 기반조성이 필요하다고 본다. 역량강화와 성과측정, 그리고 창조적 관리를 전략 기획단계에서부터 정보기술을 고려하여 설계하고 운영해야 한다. 이에 우리는 몇 가지 도움말을 제공하고자 한다. This paper calls for increased awareness of information technology (IT) in relation to the capacity building and performance measurement of the nonprofit sector. The nonprofit sector is lagging behind in utilizing information technology and we contend that IT is a key component for building the capacity of nonprofit organizations. First, this paper assesses the current status of IT utilization in nonprofit organizations, discusses the impact of IT, and the challenges to implement. Second, this paper highlights the tools and cases of IT helping nonprofits with capacity building, performance measurement/evaluation, and innovation. Lastly, it provides some recommendations and lessons learned for nonprofit organizations in embedding IT into their capacity building and strategic planning. We hope this paper contributes to the recognition of the importance of IT in the nonprofit sector, including the funding communities.

Portfolio Composition and Valuation Effects in Emerging Market Economies

Ashima Goyal,Vaishnavi Sharma 한국국제경제학회 2018 International Economic Journal Vol.32 No.3

The increase in cross-border assets and liabilities of nations with globalization, implies small asset price and currency movements create large wealth changes. The national net external position is increasingly driven by valuation effects, which the current account does not capture. We analyze valuation effects for a group of seven emerging economies, namely Brazil, Colombia, India, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Peru and Turkey for the time period 2005:Q1-2015:Q4 by scrutinizing their external asset portfolio while controlling for country fundamentals. Both asset and liability categories of Direct Investment equity are found to positively impact valuation. Equity liabilities and debt assets of Portfolio Investment positively influence valuation. Debt liabilities of all kinds of investment negatively impact valuation. Countries with stronger currency tend to gain through valuation effects. An appreciated real effective exchange rate is associated with higher valuation gains. We also found non-linear effects of the composition of external debt portfolio by interacting external portfolio and country characteristics. The external portfolio selection of emerging economies (with more in Direct Investment equity liabilities and Portfolio Investment debt assets) in the period has shielded them from global volatility, and enabled valuation gains.

Analysis of Performance of Particle Swarm Optimization with Varied Inertia Weight Values for solving Travelling Salesman Problem

Ashima Chopra,Mandeep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

Particle Swarm Optimization is a popular heuristic search technique developed by Eberhart and Kennedy in 1995 which takes its inspiration from the social and cognitive learning of birds or fishes. This algorithm comprises the involvement of swarm intelligence technique for optimization. The most widely accepted variation of the basic PSO technique is PSO with Inertia weight which substantially controls the convergence behaviour and exploration exploitation trade-off in the basic PSO technique. From its initialization onwards a huge range of modifications of Inertia Weight strategy have been recommended. This paper involves the use of PSO with varying values of inertia weight for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem. An analysis of how different inertia weight values effect the solution in terms of time complexity, space complexity and convergence in carried out in order to know the value best suited for setting up the inertia weight.

Exchange Rate Regimes: Middling Through

( Ashima Goyal ) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2006 Global economic review Vol.35 No.2

Risk and Asian Exchange Rate Regimes

( Ashima Goyal ),( Ankita Agarwal ) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2005 Global economic review Vol.34 No.3

Genetic Based Qos Task Scheduling In Cloud -Upgrade Genetic Algorithm

Ashima Mittal,Dr. Pankaj Deep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.4

Cloud computing has been emerged as a new service model in computing world and giving lot of interest to the researchers to find its benefits. Task scheduling is a major conflict in cloud environment and genetic algorithms are one of the optimization techniques to solve that problem. Virtual machine’s processing elements are important criteria to solve a scheduling problem. In proposed algorithm called upgraded Genetic algorithm, initial population is sorted according to the number of processing elements of each virtual machines. Proposed algorithm is compared with MGA in terms of cost and with MACO in terms of make span. Experiment results shows upgrade genetic algorithm gives better efficiency in term of cost and make span.

Impact of surface roughness on gas turbine engine fan and compressor rotor

Ashima Malhotra,Shraman Goswami,A. M. Pradeep 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.5

A gas turbine engine, being an open cycle engine, gets exposed to atmospheric conditions through the intake of air from the surroundings. Debris of different sizes comes into the engine through the fan inlet and impinges on the different components inside the engine, making them rough. Another source of roughness is encountered with the manufacturing process itself. Hence it is important to understand the impact of surface roughness on the performance of either an engine in the field or a newly designed engine. The current work focuses on the performance impact of surface roughness on a fan rotor and a compressor rotor. The flow field is numerically studied with and without roughness. The flow field of a fan rotor is generally different from a compressor rotor, specifically in terms of shock structure and secondary flow, and hence a comparative study is made to understand the impact of roughness in presence of different flow fields. The NASA rotor67 (fan rotor) and the NASA rotor37 (compressor rotor) are used for the numerical study carried out for this work. The results indicate that the extent of performance loss is more for compressor rotor (NASA rotor37) for same amount of roughness used on fan and compressor rotor. A detailed flow field investigation from the numerical study is presented to understand the reason behind the different extents of performance loss. It is found that not only the amount of roughness but also the flow field plays a significant role on the performance of a gas turbine engine fan and compressor rotor.

Consumer Awareness towards Internet Banking : A Comparative Study of Public, Private and Foreign Banks

Ashima Tandon,Manisha Goel,Sunita Bishnoi 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

Internet banking is regarded as a delivery channel, which over a period of time has gained recognition. It in fact has experienced growth in many countries and has changed the traditional way of banking. This channel has provided competitive advantage to the banks. With the help of internet banking the consumer has an access to number of services just at the click of a mouse. The present study is based on the responses of 450 consumers surveyed in Delhi and National Capital Region to understand the consumer awareness towards internet banking and the respondents were selected from public, private and foreign sector banks. To achieve the objectives of the study a questionnaire with five-point Likert scale consisting of various aspects related to internet banking was designed and random sampling method was adopted to collect the responses. The results of the study indicate that the level of consumer awareness is higher in case of private and foreign sector banks in comparison to public sector banks. Public sector banks need to focus on their working in order to battle with the private and foreign sector banks.

Prolonged versus Intermittent Infusion of β-Lactams for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia: A Meta- Analysis

Ashima Lal,Philippe Jaoude,Ali A. El-Solh 대한감염학회 2016 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.48 No.2

Background: The primary objective of this meta-analysis is aimed at determining whether β-lactams prolonged infusion in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) results in higher cure rate and improved mortality compared to intermittent infusion. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were identified from searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to September 1st, 2015. All published articles which evaluated the outcome of extended/continuous infusion of antimicrobial therapy versus intermittent infusion therapy in the treatment of NP were reviewed. Results: A total of ten studies were included in the analysis involving 1,051 cases of NP. Prolonged infusion of β-lactams was associated with higher clinical cure rate (OR 2.45, 95% CI, 1.12, 5.37) compared to intermittent infusion. However, there was no significant difference in mortality (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63-1.15) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis for β-lactam subclasses and for severity of illness showed comparable outcomes. Conclusion: The limited data available suggest that reduced clinical failure rates when using prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients with NP. More detailed studies are needed to determine the impact of such strategy on mortality in this patient population.