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Hypogonadism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Men
Jane Ashby,David Goldmeier,Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.1
In recent years, the life expectancy for those living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) with access to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has increased. As menlive longer, the role testosterone plays in sexual function as well as in general well-beingis becoming increasingly important. Here we discuss the available literature concerningandrogens and HIV disease. A review was undertaken by using a PubMed searchwith the umbrella terms HIV or AIDS and testosterone or androgens spanning 1985to 2011. Significant articles found in references in the primary search were alsoincluded. The reported prevalence of androgen deficiency appears to be greater inHIV-infected males than in the general population. Androgen deficiency is usually associatedwith low luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and is sensitiveto the type of measurement of testosterone used. Rates of hypogonadism may be fallingsince the advent of cART. Causes of low testosterone levels have been attributed tochronic illness, HIV replication, cART, opportunistic infections, comorbidities and coinfections,wasting, and normal age-related declines. Studies of testosterone treatmentin HIV-positive men are lacking in standardization and outcome measures.
Integrating Alternative Data (Also Known as ESG Data) in Investment Decision Making
Soh Young In,Dane Rook,Ashby Monk 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2019 Global economic review Vol.48 No.3
What is environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data and how do we evaluate its quality and effectiveness? This form of evaluation is important, as it is a precondition for investors trying to integrate ESG in investment decisions. Previous literature describes intrinsic properties of ESG data (e.g. multifaceted-ness and context dependence) and highlights a trade-off between the validity and reliability of ESG data, which is often tied to the lack of theoretical foundations and scarcity of high-quality ESG data. Encouragingly, new data technologies have improved the accessibility, availability, and transparency of ESG data, but an agreed theoretical framework to evaluate ESG data quality is still lacking. This paper seeks to fill that theoretical gap by proposing a ‘user- oriented’ approach to evaluate ESG data. In this framework, we consider ESG data to be a ‘continuous concept with limitless boundaries’ and characterise it in terms of its width and depth. The bearing of width and depth on ESG data quality is ultimately a function of the investment decisions in which such data is used: the approach we endorse is therefore user-centric. This study then shows how ESG data, when it is of high quality, maps onto the investment decision-making processes.
Song, Mimi,Finkelstein, Steven L.,Ashby, Matthew L. N.,Grazian, A.,Lu, Yu,Papovich, Casey,Salmon, Brett,Somerville, Rachel S.,Dickinson, Mark,Duncan, K.,Faber, Sandy M.,Fazio, Giovanni G.,Ferguson, He American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.825 No.1
<P>We present galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMFs) at z = 4-8 from a rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) selected sample of similar to 4500 galaxies, found via photometric redshifts over an area of similar to 280 arcmin(2) in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS)/Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields and the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The deepest Spitzer/IRAC data to date and the relatively large volume allow us to place a better constraint at both the low- and high-mass ends of the GSMFs compared to previous space-based studies from pre-CANDELS observations. Supplemented by a stacking analysis, we find a linear correlation between the rest-frame UV absolute magnitude at 1500 angstrom (M-UV) and logarithmic stellar mass (log M-*) that holds for galaxies with log(M-*/M-circle dot) less than or similar to 10. We use simulations to validate our method of measuring the slope of the log M-*-M-UV relation, finding that the bias is minimized with a hybrid technique combining photometry of individual bright galaxies with stacked photometry for faint galaxies. The resultant measured slopes do not significantly evolve over z = 4-8, while the normalization of the trend exhibits a weak evolution toward lower masses at higher redshift. We combine the log M-*-M-UV distribution with observed rest-frame UV luminosity functions at each redshift to derive the GSMFs, finding that the low-mass-end slope becomes steeper with increasing redshift from alpha = -1.55(-0.07)(+0.08) at z = 4 to alpha = -2.25(-0.35)(+0.72) at z = 8. The inferred stellar mass density, when integrated over M-* = 10(8)-10(13) M-circle dot, increases by a factor of 10(-2)(+30) between z = 7 and z = 4 and is in good agreement with the time integral of the cosmic star formation rate density.</P>
Baryon content of massive galaxy clusters at 0.57 < <i>z</i> < 1.33
Chiu, I.,Mohr, J.,McDonald, M.,Bocquet, S.,Ashby, M. L. N.,Bayliss, M.,Benson, B. A.,Bleem, L. E.,Brodwin, M.,Desai, S.,Dietrich, J. P.,Forman, W. R.,Gangkofner, C.,Gonzalez, A. H.,Hennig, C.,Liu, J. Oxford University Press 2016 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.455 No.1
Shannon Weaver,Zainub Hussaini,Virginia Lynn Valentin,Samin Panahi,Sarah Elizabeth Levitt,Jeanie Ashby,Akiko Kamimura 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-
Volunteering at a free clinic may influence career choice among health profession students. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, interest in future work with the underserved, and interest in primary care among physician assistant (PA) students through an analysis of demographic characteristics of PA students at a student-run free clinic in the United States. Data were collected from 56 PA students through a quantitative survey in October 2018 after their participation at a student-run free clinic in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the intermountain west region of the USA. Out of the 3 sub-scales (attitudes, effect, and readiness), students responded most positively to items exploring the effect of their experiences of volunteering at the free clinic. Students who spoke Spanish showed higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career than non-Spanish speakers.
THE AzTEC/SMA INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING SURVEY OF SUBMILLIMETER-SELECTED HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Younger, Joshua D.,Fazio, Giovanni G.,Huang, Jia-Sheng,Yun, Min S.,Wilson, Grant W.,Ashby, Matthew L. N.,Gurwell, Mark A.,Peck, Alison B.,Petitpas, Glen R.,Wilner, David J.,Hughes, David H.,Aretxaga, IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.704 No.1
<P>We present results from a continuing interferometric survey of high-redshift submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with the Submillimeter Array, including high-resolution (beam size similar to 2 arcsec) imaging of eight additional AzTEC 1.1 mm selected sources in the COSMOS field, for which we obtain six reliable (peak signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 5 or peak S/N > 4 with multiwavelength counterparts within the beam) and two moderate significance (peak S/N > 4) detections. When combined with previous detections, this yields an unbiased sample of millimeter-selected SMGs with complete interferometric follow up. With this sample in hand, we (1) empirically confirm the radio-submillimeter association, (2) examine the submillimeter morphology-including the nature of SMGs with multiple radio counterparts and constraints on the physical scale of the far infrared-of the sample, and (3) find additional evidence for a population of extremely luminous, radio-dim SMGs that peaks at higher redshift than previous, radio-selected samples. In particular, the presence of such a population of high-redshift sources has important consequences for models of galaxy formation-which struggle to account for such objects even under liberal assumptions-and dust production models given the limited time since the big bang.</P>
Operating Atomic Fountain Clock Using Robust DBR Laser: Short-Term Stability Analysis
Lee, Sangmin,Heo, Myoung-Sun,Kwon, Taeg Yong,Hong, Hyun-Gue,Lee, Sang-Bum,Hilton, Ashby Paul,Luiten, Andre Nicholas,Hartnett, John Gideon,Park, Sang Eon Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measureme Vol.66 No.6
<P>We report on a robust distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser system for an atomic fountain clock. To confirm the performance of a DBR laser, the short-term stability of an atomic fountain clock, KRISS-F1, is measured with both DBR laser and an extended-cavity diode laser (ECDL) as a master laser in the fountain laser system. The short-term stability of the fountain clock due to the laser noise is determined to be sigma(y)(tau = T-c) = 1.4x10(-14) when either the ECDL or the DBR laser is used as a master laser. The total stability of the fountain clock with the DBR laser is limited to 3.5x 10(-14) at 1 s of averaging time and at the highest atom number in the experiment, which is limited by quantum projection noise. No additional degradation in fountain performance is observed when an ECDL is replaced by the DBR laser. From these results, we conclude that our fountain clock is made much more robust by adopting a DBR laser, which is immune to acoustic and vibrational shocks as well as environmental temperature variations.</P>