Review : Cellulose Nanocrystals as Advanced “Green” Materials for Biological and Biomedical Engineering

( Arvind Sinha ),( Elizabeth M. Martin ),( Ki Taek Lim ),( Danielle Julie Carrier ),( Haewook Han ),( Vladimir P. Zharov ),( Jin Woo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.4

Background: Cellulose is a ubiquitous, renewable and environmentally friendly biopolymer, which has high promise to fulfil the rising demand for sustainable and biocompatible materials. Particularly, the recent progress in the synthesis of highly crystalline cellulose-based nanoscale biomaterials, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), draws significant attention from many research communities, ranging from bioresource engineering, to materials science and engineering, to biological and biomedical engineering to bionanotechnology. The feasibility of harnessing CNCs` unique biophysicochemical properties has inspired their basic and applied research, offering much promise for new biomaterials with diverse advanced functionalities. Purpose: This review focuses on vital issues and topics on the recent advances in CNC-based biomaterials with potential, in particular, for bionanotechnology and biological and biomedical engineering. The challenges and limitations of CNC technology are discussed as well as potential strategies to overcome them, providing an essential source of information in the exploration of possible and futuristic applications of the CNC-based functional “green” nanomaterials. Conclusion: CNCs offer exciting possibilities for advanced “green” nanomaterials, driving innovative research and development in a wide range of fields, including biological and biomedical engineering.

Cervical Footprint Anthropometry in Indian Population: Implications on Design of Artificial Disc Replacement Devices

Arvind Gopalrao Kulkarni,Vishwanath Mahabaleshwar Patil,Shashidhar Kantharajanna Bangalore,Abhishek Saraf 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.1

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Purpose: To accurately measure the dimensions of cervical endplates based on computed tomography (CT) scans in Indian population and assess accuracy of match with currently available cervical disc prostheses. Overview of Literature: The dimensions of currently available cervical disc replacement implants are based on early published geometrical measurements of vertebrae endplates for Caucasian population. To author’s knowledge, similar study has not been published for patients from Indian subcontinent. Methods: CT scans of cervical spine of patients from Indian subcontinent were collected and reviewed. Seventy patients (54 men and 16 women; aged 18–56 years with average of 37 years) who underwent CT scans of cervical spine were included in study. 3D CT scans of sub axial cervical spine (C3 to C7) were analyzed. The anterior-posterior (AP) and central mediolateral (CML) dimensions of superior and inferior endplates from C3 to C7 were measured using digital measuring system. Results: A total of 560 endplates of 70 patients were included in the study. The AP diameter of cervical endplates ranged from 0.87 to 2.47 cm. The CML diameters ranged from 0.84 to 2.98 cm. For levels C3/C4 and C4/C5 for AP dimension Prestige-LP (90.5%) and Prodisc-C (89%) discs showed higher percentage of matching than Discover discs (58.5%). For CML diameter, Prestige-LP (69.5%), Prodisc-C (70%) and Discover (39.5%) discs showed almost similar matching with measured endplates. For levels C5/C6 and C6/C7 for AP dimension, Prestige-LP (67.25%), Prodisc-C (49.35%) and Discover (51.5%) discs showed similar matching. For CML diameter Prestige-LP (32%), Prodisc-C (27.5%) and Discover (42.2%) discs showed poor matching with measured endplates. Conclusions: This study indicates need for redesign of cervical disc prostheses to match Indian patients. The collected anthropometric dimensions from this study may be used to design and develop indigenous artificial total disc replacement prosthesis and even cervical cages in India. With the present study being a small pilot study, the authors recommend anthropometric CT measurements in larger number of Indian patients in order to validate footprint dimensions for designing better-matched prosthesis.

Size dependent structural and magnetic behaviour of CaFe2O4

Arvind Samariya,S.N. Dolia,Arun S. Prasad,P.K. Sharma,S.P. Pareek,M.S. Dhawan,Sudhish Kumar 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.5

CaFe2O4 nanocrystalline powders were synthesized through solegel treatment in which the stoichiometric mixing of various nitrates involving calcium and iron in presence of citric acid was performed. Subsequently, the as prepared sample was annealed at various temperatures in order to obtain the fine distribution of size including the bulk counterpart. The samples were then characterized using powder X-ray diffraction followed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, SQUID as well as vibrating sample magnetometry. The results of spectroanalyses revealed that the samples were formed in single phase cubic spinel structure and exhibits room temperature superparamagnetism, except the bulk one, which crystallizes in characteristic orthorhombic structure of CaFe2O4 and displays trivial coercivity and remanent magnetization at room temperature.

Esterification of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides at room temperature using highly recyclable tailor-made dicationic room temperature ionic liquids containing bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimide anions

( Arvind Jadhav ),서정길 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1

Tailor-made dicationic room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on N-methylimidazolium ring associated with short oligo (ethylene glycol) chains and Bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimide anions were successfully synthesized. The catalytic activity of these RTILs was evaluated in esterification reaction of acids with alkyl halides in solvent free condition. On screening, the imidazolium based prepared all RTILs were showed highly efficient yields and selectivity of respective esters in very short reaction time at room temperature. Especially, 0.1 equimolar of ([tetraEG(mim)2][NTf2]2) was found to be enormously efficient and reusable protocol for this reaction. As a result, 100% conversion and up to 94% yield of respective ester product in 30 min reaction time was achieved and various ester products were prepared. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

Diversity Analysis of Diazotrophic Bacteria Associated with the Roots of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

( Arvind Gulati ),( Swati Sood ),( Praveen Rahi ),( Rishu Thakur ),( Sunita Chauhan ),( Isha Chawla Nee Chadha ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6

The diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria within the Kangra valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. The Gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; Firmicutes, including the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus; and Actinobacteria, represented by the genus Microbacterium. The Gram-negative bacteria included α-Proteobacteria genera Brevundimonas, Rhizobium, and Mesorhizobium; γ-Proteobacteria genera Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas; and β-Proteobacteria genera Azospira, Burkholderia, Delftia, Herbaspirillum and Ralstonia. The low level of similarity of two isolates, with the type strains Paenibacillus xinjiangensis and Mesorhizobium albiziae, suggests the possibility of raising species novum. The bacterial strains of different phylogenetic groups exhibited distinct carbon-source utilization patterns and fatty acid methyl ester profiles. The strains differed in their nitrogenase activities with relatively high activity seen in the Gramnegative strains exhibiting the highest similarity to Azospira oryzae, Delftia lacustris and Herbaspirillum huttiense.

Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Attractive Option for Select Failed Backs

Arvind G. Kulkarni,Shashidhar Bangalore Kantharajanna,Abhilash N. Dhruv 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: To compare minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) outcomes in primary and revision surgeries. Overview of Literature: Revision spinal fusion is often associated with an increased risk of approach-related complications. Patients can potentially benefit from the decreased approach-related morbidity associated with MI-TLIF. Methods: Sixty consecutive MI-TLIF patients (20 failed back [Fa group], 40 primary [Pr group]) who underwent surgery between January 2011 and May 2012 were reviewed after Institutional Review Board approval to compare operative times, blood loss, complications, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain before surgery and at the last follow-up. Results: Nineteen revision surgeries were compared with 36 primary surgeries. One failed back and four primary patients were excluded because of inadequate data. The mean follow-up times were 28 months and 24 months in the Pr and Fa groups, respectively. The mean pre- and postoperative ODI scores were 53.18 and 20.23 in the Pr group and 52.01 and 25.72 in the Fa group, respectively (ODI percentage change: Pr group, 60.36%±29.73%; Fa group, 69.32%±13.72%; p =0.304, not significant). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for back pain were 4.77 and 1.75 in the Pr group and 4.1 and 2.0 in the Fa group, respectively, and the percentage changes were statistically significant (VAS back pain percentage change: Pr group, 48.78±30.91; Fa group, 69.32±13.72; p =0.027). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for leg pain were 6.52 and 1.27 in the Pr group and 9.5 and 1.375 in the Fa group, respectively (VAS leg pain percentage change: Pr group, 81.07±29.39; Fa group, 75.72±15.26; p =0.538, not significant). There were no statistically significant differences in operative time and estimated blood loss and no complications. Conclusions: MI-TLIF outcomes were comparable between primary and revision surgeries. The inherent technique of MI-TLIF is particularly suitable for select failed backs because it exploits the intact paramedian corridor.

Effect of ovarian tumor characteristics on venous thromboembolic risk

Arvind Bakhru 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.1

Objective: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are common in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, resulting in high costs associated with diagnosis and treatment. I aimed to identify subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer that pose greater and lesser venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Methods: I assessed the outcomes of 641 patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer over a ten-year period. All inpatient, outpatient, and pathology records were reviewed. The rates at which people were evaluated for and diagnosed with venous thromboembolism were assessed. Results: Of the 641 cases, 30.0% underwent an imaging test to evaluate for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and 21.7%underwent testing for pulmonary embolism (PE). A 10.8% of all subjects were diagnosed with DVT and 7.2% were diagnosed with PE. Borderline tumors and mucinous showed a strikingly low rate of both DVT and PE. Clear cell and high-grade undifferentiated adenocarcinomas were the most likely to result in VTE. In a multivariate model, pathologic subtype was not only a significant predictor of VTE, but was the single best predictor of VTE. Conclusion: Clear cell and undifferentiated pathology in epithelial ovarian carcinomas is associated with a higher VTE risk. The underlying reason for this may related to differences in tumor biology. By identifying low and high risk groups, I may both better conserve medical resources and design more effective thromboprophylaxis for my patients.

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Urologic Surgery in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age

Arvind Ganpule,Chetan Sheladiya,Shashikant Mishra,Ravindra Sabnis,Mahesh Desai 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: We report our experience with laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) urological procedures in children less than 5 years of age. Materials and Methods: Ten patients (11 procedures) underwent LESS through the umbilicus. Seven patients underwent nephrectomy and three patients underwent pyeloplasty (one simultaneous bilateral). R-port port (Advanced Surgical Concepts, Ireland) was used in nine cases, in one case, the Gelpoint access port (Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA) was used. The Olympus Endoeye camera with coaxial light cable was used. The hilum was secured in all cases with Hem-o-Lok clips (Teleflex Medical, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) except in one case in which an Endo GIA stapler (Covidien Surgical, Norwalk, CT, USA) was used. Results: All procedures were technically successful. Accessory port (3 mm) was used in 3 patients. Mean age in nephrectomized patients was 3.14±1.7 years, the mean operative room time (ORT) was 97.5±12.54 minutes. In the pyeloplasty group, mean ORT was 192±47.16 minutes and mean age was 2.43±2.3 years. Bilateral pyeloplasty was done in a 4-month-old infant. The ORT in this case was 180 minutes. A follow-up renogram done in the pyeloplasty patients (n=2) showed good drainage. Mean length of stay was 3.6 days (range, 3 to 6 days).The analgesic requirement was 23.86 mg (range, 12.5 to 50 mg) of diclofenac sodium. Conclusions: LESS is technically feasible in patients as young as 4 months of age. It has the potential to offer better cosmesis. This needs to be proved in further comparative studies. Development of miniature instruments will further the growth of LESS in this age group.

Does Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Minimize Surgical Site Infections?

Arvind Gopalrao Kulkarni,Ravish Shammi Patel,Shumayou Dutta 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) in a cohort of patients and compare with available historical data on SSI in open spinal surgery cohorts, and to evaluate additional direct costs incurred due to SSI. Overview of Literature: SSI can lead to prolonged antibiotic therapy, extended hospitalization, repeated operations, and implant removal. Small incisions and minimal dissection intrinsic to MISS may minimize the risk of postoperative infections. However, there is a dearth of literature on infections after MISS and their additional direct financial implications. Methods: All patients from January 2007 to January 2015 undergoing posterior spinal surgery with tubular retractor system and microscope in our institution were included. The procedures performed included tubular discectomies, tubular decompressions for spinal stenosis and minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The incidence of postoperative SSI was calculated and compared to the range of cited SSI rates from published studies. Direct costs were calculated from medical billing for index cases and for patients with SSI. Results: A total of 1,043 patients underwent 763 noninstrumented surgeries (discectomies, decompressions) and 280 instrumented (TLIF) procedures. The mean age was 52.2 years with male:female ratio of 1.08:1. Three infections were encountered with fusion surgeries (mean detection time, 7 days). All three required wound wash and debridement with one patient requiring unilateral implant removal. Additional direct cost due to infection was $2,678 per 100 MISS-TLIF. SSI increased hospital expenditure per patient 1.5-fold after instrumented MISS. Conclusions: Overall infection rate after MISS was 0.29%, with SSI rate of 0% in non-instrumented MISS and 1.07% with instrumented MISS. MISS can markedly reduce the SSI rate and can be an effective tool to minimize hospital costs.

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.: a comprehensive review from traditional usage to pharmacological evidence

Arvind Kumar Goyal,Middha Sushil Kumar,Talambedu Usha 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. syn. Baccaurea sapida (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. widely known as Burmese grape is native to Southeast Asia. Its leaves, fruits, stem, bark, seeds forms an ingredient in many herbal prescriptions which have been used to treat jaundice, constipation, indigestion, cellulitis, as antidote for sanke venome, antiphlogistic and anodyne against rheumatoid arthritis etc. In the recent years, this plant has been largely explored on scientific grounds to identify the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. The present review work is an effort to revisit the scientific works done to evaluate the scope for bioprospection of B. ramiflora. Based on the study designed, a number of research papers were reviewed, but only about 35 articles having information on B. ramiflora were evaluated in detail. In total, thirty compounds have been isolated and characterised so far from different parts of this evergreen tree, which accounts for its myriad medicinal value including analgesic, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, haemolytic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, neuropharmacological, thrombocytic, anti-fungal and antimicrobial activities. This compilation of assorted information underpins the basic perceptive of B. ramiflora and opens up new horizon for further phytochemical evaluation, safety efficacy, and clinical trials.