(The) devil you know : the South Korean office worker's struggle with organizational bullying and roadblocks toward Change

Arrowood, Meghan Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2017 국내석사

The concept of bullying in Korean workplaces is a subject that has been lightly researched by a handful of scholars. However, in much of the research, Korean and foreign alike, there is a base assumption that Koreans do not know they are being bullied based on the filters of their own cultural experiences. This paper seeks to disprove that assumption and asks whether other forces are responsible for the lack of progress in the office cultures. By researching the development of the current office culture, and interviewing Korean office workers on their experiences, opinions, and beliefs, it can be concluded that Korean workers know very well that they are being bullied and do, in fact, wish for change. This implies that other forces are to blame for the current office environments.

Using observation uncertainty for robust speech recognition

Arrowood, Jon A Georgia Institute of Technology 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This research presents a new technique for adapting Hidden Markov Model (HMM) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems when there is a mismatch between training and testing conditions. In standard ASR systems, each observation vector is assumed completely reliable, and implicitly weighted equally during decoding. The new method, referred to as the Uncertain Observation technique, leverages the knowledge that all feature extraction has an inherent amount of uncertainty. In noisy environments, for example, different regions in the time frequency plane have vastly different local signal to noise ratios, and thus significantly different reliabilities. The Uncertain Observation decoder derived for this research presents a strong probabilistic framework, integrating the likelihood distribution of each feature vector into the decoding process. This results in a continuously adaptive recognition system that integrates Bayes Predictive Classification into a HMM recognition system. The technique compares favorably in stationary noise to model compensation methods such as Parallel Model Combination (PMC), and outperforms simpler feature transformation. In time-varying environments, for which the algorithm is designed, Uncertain Observation techniques outperform both model compensation and time-varying feature transformations. Uncertain Observation methods are further applied to packet lossy channels, compressed speech, and feature vector quantization, showing a promising method that can be integrated into distributed speech recognition systems for robust performance. Finally, Uncertain Observation methods are applied during training to aid speech model creation or adaptation when the available data contains a distortion.

Making a difference: The lived experiences of emergency care workers

Arrowood, Wayne Dee University of Minnesota 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

The lived-experiences of volunteer emergency care workers are observed from the perspectives of voluntarism and vocational call. These volunteers exhibit vocational commitment rarely surpassed by other helping and service professions. They stand ready to aid vulnerable human beings who experience a myriad of emergency situations and conditions. The study is given form and focus by a two-fold question. How does the vocational self show itself in these persons in daily living and commitment, and how does a vocational frame enrich our understanding of voluntarism among individuals with deeply religious and/or high moral aspirations, yet who claim minimal spiritual call to the vocation of emergency medical technician (EMT)?. The phenomenological tame for learning lived-experiences is achieved through thematic descriptions, including becoming an EMT (recruitment), being a “rookie” EMT (discernment), being an emergency care worker (vocational and volunteer self), and being a “community servant.” Individuals from all-volunteer ambulance services were selected for in-depth conversations. These persons show clear, long-term commitment as volunteer EMTs. Explored were the life-stories of these long-time volunteers, their vocational call, response, and commitment as volunteer selves. Implications for voluntarism within emergency medical services and social work contexts are explored. This first study holds promise for future research on voluntarism and vocational call involving larger population samples of dedicated volunteers in emergency medical services.

The Suit Must Fit: How Exploring the Transformational Experiences of Graduate Professional Studies Faculty Transitioning to Online Instruction Can Inform Higher Education Policy on Online Teaching

Arrowood, Rick J ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Northeastern Unive 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

This qualitative narrative study explored the lived experiences of full-time graduate professional studies faculty who transitioned from on-ground teaching to online teaching at 4-year private nonprofit higher education institutions in the United States. Today’s higher education faculty are significantly impacted by growing expectations to deliver instruction in the online learning environment. Technological advancements at higher education institutions in the past two decades (2000–2020) played a role in faculty’s contemplation whether to hesitate, resist or embrace a transition from on-ground to online teaching. Fewer on-ground class offerings, coupled with greater demand by higher education institutions to reach underserved and geographically dispersed students, has necessitated greater reliance by higher education institutions on full-time, non-tenure-track faculty, also known as contingent faculty. This study informed development of model approaches for faculty transformation to online teaching and learning that took in to account self-directed learning, transformative experiences and new evolving skill sets. In addition, the study demonstrated a lack of alignment between online teaching practice and institutional policy; in the words of one participant as a “suit that doesn’t fit.” It the seeks to influence development of appropriate policies as higher education institutions advance online education, including policies that impact faculty workload, promotion and rewards systems, and work-life balance. This is especially relevant as higher education institutions embark on the advancement of online programs after the COVID-19 pandemic.

A theory of ethical issues management: Contributions of Kantian deontology to public relations' ethics and decision-making (Immanuel Kant)

Bowen, Shannon Arrowood University of Maryland College Park 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

In this dissertation I applied deontological philosophy to public relations and developed a normative theory of ethical issues management. The conceptualization of my theory combined public relations management, issues management, decision theory, organizational effectiveness, and Kantian philosophy. I conducted a comparative case study of two leading pharmaceutical organizations, whose names are being withheld for confidentiality. Through long interviews, elite interviews, observation, and document review, I ascertained how each organization conducted issues management and what role ethics played in that process. My research questions explored ethical decision-making, organizational definitions of ethics, the relationship of public relations to the dominant coalition, and the predominant paradigm of ethics in each organization. I constructed my theory by testing six propositions against my data. Based on my theory of ethical issues management, I designed both normative and practical models for issue decision-making. My findings suggested that a unified approach to public relations ethics is crucial and should be reinforced by the organizational culture. I found that ethics training is necessary to allow issues managers to conduct a logical, thorough analysis of ethical situations. Further, the use of an ethical decision-making model could solve the discontinuity associated with a lack of in-depth ethical analysis of issues. My data suggested that the organizations should use symmetrical public relations to communicate ethical considerations to strategic publics and to generate input from those publics, extending the excellence theory of public relations (J. Grunig, 1992b). The deontological philosophy of Kant provides a powerful framework for the analysis of issues. My theory, based on autonomy, poses Kant's categorical imperative, and provides for analysis through what I term the “Ethical Consideration Triangle.” The imperatives duty, intention, and dignity and respect for others form the considerations of the triangle. These considerations lead to a thorough ethical analysis of issues with regard to publics, stakeholders, the organization, the self as a moral decision-maker, and society. My theory argues that rigorous analysis of these considerations results in ethical issues management. The findings show that ethics is, and should be, a driving force in issues management and in public relations.

Identity tension: Feeling ambivalent about the self

Burdick, Keisha Arrowood Yale University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The experience of ambivalence was examined in the context of self-evaluation. Drawing from research on attitude ambivalence (which focuses almost exclusively on nonself-related objects and social issues), this dissertation focused on ambivalence about the self as it relates to (a) ambivalence about non-self objects, and (b) other measures of self-evaluation. Two kinds of ambivalence, taken from attitude ambivalence literature, were of interest: First, potential ambivalence (the extent to which people report positive and negative feelings about an attitude object), and second, felt ambivalence (the subjective experience of ambivalence). Results revealed that (a) participants can and do feel ambivalence about at least some aspects of the self, and (b) self-ambivalence shares many properties with ambivalence about non-self objects, including a moderate relationship between ratings of felt and potential ambivalence. (Studies 1--4a). Across studies, negativity played a major role in the extent to which people experienced ambivalence. When prompted to describe a negative self-aspect, they inevitably described that aspect as both positive and negative, and consequently associated it with more ambivalence (Study 2). Furthermore, although self-ambivalence associated negatively with self-esteem, this relationship disappeared when negative evaluations were taken into account (Studies 3, 4a, and 4b). Ambivalence generalized within participants in several ways. First, if a person reported a great deal of ambivalence about one self-aspect, they were likely to also report higher levels of ambivalence about other self-aspects, and second, ambivalence about self- and non-self objects, although separable, showed modest intercorrelations (Studies 4a and 4b). These results indicate that if people are ambivalent in one domain, they will be ambivalent in multiple domains. Finally, results from Study 5 suggest that self-ambivalence may be threatening to one's overall sense of self-worth, though affirming the self seems to make self-ambivalence less threatening. Implications for the study of conflicts within the self will be discussed.