Effectiveness of UV irradiation for reducing microflora in dried laver

Aro Han,Seong-Hee Kim,Do-Hee Hong,Ah-Hyun Kim,Jong-Lak Cho,Jeong-Mok Kim 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2017 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.11

제3공간에서 개인의 안정감 증대를 위한 형태심리 기반의 개인공간 디자인 연구

이아로 ( Aro Lee ),이정교 ( Jung-kyo Lee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 현대 도시에서 대표적 상업 공간인 카페는 안정감을 제공할 수 있는 공공공간인 제 3공간으로 시작하였지만, 제한된 영역과 밀집된 인구로 인해 개인 사이의 물리적 거리가 확보되지 않으므로 개인이 안정감을 누릴 수 없는 한계점을 지닌다. 정량적 영역과 심리적 영역 사이에 오류를 해결하기 위하여, 제 3공간에서 개인의 심리 안정을 위한 개선안이 필요하다. 본 연구는 개인들이 함께 공유하는 공공공간에서 더 높은 안정감을 느끼도록 구성된 디자인을 제안하고자 한다. (연구방법) 연구 범위는 대표적인 제 3공간인 동시에 현대 사회에서 대중적으로 활용되는 제3공간인 카페로 제한된다. 디자인 제인을 위하여, 행태심리와 관련된 세가지 이론들을 고찰한다. 이론들은 물리적 거리에 따른 심리에 대한 연구인 근접학, 구석공간을 선호하는 조망과 피신 이론, 고정된 형태의 구조물을 다양하게 활용할 수 있는 어포던스 개념이다. 행태심리를 바탕으로 이동가능하고 타인의 시선을 차단할 수 있는 디자인을 제안한다. 디자인 결과는 카페의 주 고객인 20대로부터 평가되었다. (결과) 디자인 구조물은 타인의 시선을 차단할 수 있고, 이동과 결합을 통해 1인 공간, 2인 공간, 4인 공간, 그 이상의 다수 공간을 구성할 수 있다. 안정적인 공간을 구현하는 디자인은 어포던스 개념을 기반함으로써 구조적인 한계를 벗어날 수 있고, 사용자에 따라 다양한 목적으로 활용될 수 있다. 제안된 디자인에 대한 평가 결과는 개인이 느끼는 심리적 요소와 카페를 이용하는 목적을 고려하며 분석되었다. 본 연구의 디자인은 제한된 카페 공간을 개인의 공간 또는 소규모 그룹을 위한 공간으로 재구성할 수 있고, 타인의 시선을 차단함으로써 개인의 안정감을 높일 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. (결론) 47명의 20대를 대상으로한 설문조사 결과, 카페 고객의 행태심리를 기반한 디자인은 타인의 시선을 차단해줌으로써 안정적인 개인 공간 또는 지인들과 소통을 위한 공간을 형성할 수 있음을 검증하였다. 타인의 시선에 대해 불쾌감을 느끼는 20대가 평가한 디자인의 점수는 혁신성 71점, 안정감 74점, 쾌적함 62점, 디자인 만족도 71점이며, 쾌적함을 보완해야하는 결론을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공간적 혐오구조를 해결함으로써 도시 내에 지속적으로 세워질 공공공간 안에서 개인이 안정감을 느낄 수 있는 공간 디자인에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. (Background and purpose) The cafe is a representative commercial space in modern cities and has become a third space, or a public space that can provide a sense of stability. However, the modern cafe has a limited area and is often densely packed, which prevents individuals from achieving relaxation and mental stability. To resolve the difference between the quantitative and psychological domains, development plans for individual psychological stability are needed in the third space. This study proposes a design structured to give individuals a higher sense of stability in a shared public space. (Method) The scope of this research is limited to cafes, which are representative third spaces and are commonly utilized in modern society. For the design proposal, we deal with three theories related to behavioral psychology. The theories consist of the study of psychology according to physical distance: Proximity theory, Prospect and Refuge theory, and an Affordance theory. Based on behavioral psychology, the proposed design can be portable and block the view of others. The results of the design were evaluated by the cafe's primary customers, those in their 20s. (Results) The design structure can be customized, made portable, and can isolate the user so that various types of spaces can be constructed, including a single-person space, a two-person space, a four-person space, and many more. A design that realizes a stable space can be achieved outside of structural limits by using the concept of affordance, and it can be utilized for various purposes according to the user. The evaluations from those in their 20s were analyzed, considering psychological factors including the individual’s sensibility and his or her purpose when visiting the cafe. The design of this study was intended to make it possible to transform a limited cafe space into an individual space or a space for a small group and to enhance the individual's sense of stability by blocking the view of others. (Conclusion) A survey of 47 people in their 20s verified that the proposed designs could create 1) stable and private spaces and 2) a space for private communication with acquaintances by blocking others' view. The designs, which were assessed by those in their 20s who were displeased with being in others’ field of vision, were given scores of 71 points for innovation, 74 points for stability, 62 points for comfort, and 71 points for design satisfaction. The evaluation results indicate that further development of the design is needed for better comfort. The proposed designs are expected to be utilized in spatial design so that individuals can feel secure in public spaces, and they will be continuously be built in the city to resolve the lack of personal space.

약지도 의미론적 분할을 위한 거대 커널 기반 고품질 수도 마스크 생성 기법

윤아로(ARo Yun),권준형(Junehyoung Kwon),장수진(Soojin Jang),고벽란(Bilan Gao),김영빈(YoungBin Kim) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

Testing of Common Electromagnetic Environments for Risk of Interference with Cardiac Pacemaker Function

Tiikkaja, Maria,Aro, Aapo L.,Alanko, Tommi,Lindholm, Harri,Sistonen, Heli,Hartikainen, Juha E.K.,Toivonen, Lauri,Juutilainen, Jukka,Hietanen, Maila Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.3

Background: Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods: Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results: None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions: Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings.

Reliability and Validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption in Screening for Adults with Alcohol Use Disorders and Risky Drinking In Japan

Osaki, Yoneatsu,Ino, Aro,Matsushita, Sachio,Higuchi, Susumu,Kondo, Yoko,Kinjo, Aya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Background: Alcohol is well established as a risk factor for cancer development in many organ sites. To assess the reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) for detecting alcohol use disorders or risky drinking in Japanese adults the present study was conducted. Materials and Methods: A test-retest method was applied with a 2-week interval with 113 health care employees. The k coefficient, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined and the validity of the AUDIT-C was analyzed using the data from a nationwide survey on adult alcohol use conducted in 2008 (n=4,123). Results: The reliability of the AUDIT-C score was high (${\kappa}$ coefficient=0.63, Cronbach's alpha=0.98, correlation coefficient=0.95, and ICC=0.95). According to the likelihood ratio and Youden index, appropriate cutoffs for the AUDIT-C were ${\geq}5points$ in men and ${\geq}4$ points in women. The sensitivity and specificity of these cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}8$ points on the AUDIT were 0.88 and 0.80, respectively, for men (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]=4.5) and 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, for women (LR+=7.7). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}12$ points on the AUDIT were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, for men (LR+=5.8) and 0.93 and 0.94, respectively, for women (LR+=15.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}16$ points on the AUDIT were 0.93 and 0.80, respectively, for men (LR+=4.7) and 0.92 and 0.98, respectively, for women (LR+=55.6). With higher scores on the AUDIT, the specificity decreased and false-positives increased. The appropriate cutoffs for identifying risky drinking were the same for both genders. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the AUDIT-C are high, indicating that it is useful for identifying alcohol use disorders or risky drinking among the general population in Japan, a group at high risk of cancer development.

Testing of Common Electromagnetic Environments for Risk of Interference with Cardiac Pacemaker Function

Maria Tiikkaja,Aapo L. Aro,Tommi Alanko,Harri Lindholm,Heli Sistonen,Juha E.K. Hartikainen,Lauri Toivonen,Jukka Juutilainen,Maila Hietanen 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.3

Background: Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods: Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results: None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions: Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings.

Parametric analysis based on energy and exergy balances of a condensing boiler

Rubén Arévalo-Ramírez,Javier Aros-Taglioni 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

Condensing boilers are highly efficient equipment increasingly used to heat water for heating or industrial use, characterized by taking advantage of the residual heat of the combustion gases, including the condensation latent heat of water vapor. The present work analyzes important aspects to optimize the design and operation of this type of equipment from the energy and exergy point of view, specifically, the effect that changes in fuel, water inlet temperature (20-70 °C), excess air used in combustion (5-100 %) and relative humidity of the air (10-100 %), have on their energy and exergy efficiencies. For this purpose, the energy and exergy balance equations for the reactive and heat exchange processes that occur within it were implemented and solved using the computational program engineering equation solver (EES). The model was validated by comparing its results with the efficiency curve of a commercial condensing boiler model. The results show an important effect of the fuel type on the operating ranges in condensing and non-condensing modes and on the energy efficiency values, finding that the technology is widely justified when used with natural gas, and not so much with the other fuels analyzed. Likewise, a favorable effect of the reduction of excess air for combustion on energy efficiency can be seen, which is why it is advisable to operate this equipment with the least possible amount of air that guarantees good combustion. On the other hand, exergy efficiency has the highest values using natural gas, and benefits from a higher water return temperature and lower excess air. The greatest irreversibilities are found in the main coil and the combustion chamber.

FOURWING SALTBUSH AS A WINTER MAINTENANCE FORAGE FOR SHEEP IN UPLAND BALOCHISTAN

Rehman, Atiq-ur,Rafique, Shahid,Aro, Richard S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.2

Sixteen Harnai lambs were used in a completely randomized design to study the nutritive value of fourwing saltbush as a winter maintenance browse in comparison to native range grazing with or without protein and energy supplementation at Tomagh Range Livestock Research Station, in Loralai District, Balochistan. The animals were divided into four groups of four lambs each. These four groups were assigned four treatments at random: fourwing saltbush grazing alone, range grazing plus lucerne hay (100 g/head/day), range grazing plus barley grain (100 g/head/day) and range grazing alone for ten weeks. The results indicate that the two range grazing plus supplementation treatments produced weight gains which were not significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). Both of these treatments yielded significantly higher weight gains (p < 0.05) than did range grazing alone except for the last week of the study. Fourwing saltbush grazing provided cumulative weight gains at 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks which were not significantly different from the range grazing plus lucerne hay treatment and gained an average of 6 percent in body weight over the 10 week period of study. The carrying capacity for sheep of a mature stand of fourwing saltbush was approximately 20 Sheep-kg-days (SKD) of grazing per cubic meter of foliage. Results of this study suggest that under fourwing saltbush grazing alone, lambs do not only maintain their body weights but can also gain weight in winter.

Molecular Evaluation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products in Turkey

Emmanuel Owusu Kyere,Ece Bulut,M. Dilek Avşaroğlu,Yeşim Soyer 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

Some strains of Escherichia coli can be important food borne pathogens. Characterization and antimicrobial resistance testing of 28 E. coli isolates from random food samples obtained in Van, Turkey were performed. Primers for 6 indicator genes (fliC, stx1, stx2, eae, hlyA, and rfbE) for shiga toxin-producing E. coli and 5 indicator genes for each pathogroup (bfpA, aggR, ipaH, daaD, st, and lt) were used. E. coli isolates were also typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis with the XbaI restriction enzyme. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method for 17 antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were non-pathogenic strains represented by 25 distinguishable PFGE patterns. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that more than 40% of the E. coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. Antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal E. coli should be monitored because these bacteria are becoming reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Development of a self-assessment tool for resident doctors’ communication skills in India

Upendra Baitha,Piyush Ranjan,Siddharth Sarka,Charu Aro,Archana Kumar,Sada Nand Dwivedi,Asmita Patil,Nayer Jamshed 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-

PurposeEffective communication skills are essential for resident doctors to provide optimum patient care. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the self-assessment of resident doctors’ communication skills in India. MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2 phases. The first phase consisted of questionnaire development, including the identification of relevant literature, focus group discussions with residents and experts from clinical specialties, and pre-testing of the questionnaire. The second phase involved administering the questionnaire survey to 95 residents from the Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India in April 2019. Internal consistency was tested and the factor structure was analyzed to test construct validity. ResultsThe questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) 4 items on doctor-patient conflicts and the role of communication skills in avoiding these conflicts, (B) 29 items on self-assessment of communication skills in different settings, and (C) 8 items on barriers to practicing good communication skills. Sections B and C had good internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.885 and 0.771, respectively). Section C had a 2-factor solution, and the barriers were classified as ‘training’ and ‘infrastructure’ factors. ConclusionThis appears to be a valid assessment tool of resident doctors’ communication skills, with potential utility for identifying gaps in communication skills and developing communication skills modules.