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Arnold, Brian,Kim, Sang-Tae,Bomblies, Kirsten University of Chicago Press 2015 Molecular biology and evolution Vol.32 No.6
<P>Whole-genome duplication, which leads to polyploidy, has been implicated in speciation and biological novelty. In plants, many species exhibit ploidy variation, which is likely representative of an early stage in the evolution of polyploid lineages. To understand the evolution of such multiploidy systems, we must address questions such as whether polyploid lineage(s) had a single or multiple origins, whether admixture occurs between ploidies, and the timescale over which ploidy variation affects the evolution of populations. Here we analyze three genomic data sets using nonparametric and parametric analyses, including coalescent-based methods, to study the evolutionary history of a geographically widespread autotetraploid variant of <I>Arabidopsis arenosa</I>, a new model system for understanding the molecular basis of autopolyploid evolution. Autotetraploid <I>A. arenosa</I> populations are widely distributed across much of Northern and Central Europe, whereas diploids occur in Eastern Europe and along the southern Baltic coast; the two ploidies overlap in the Carpathian Mountains. We find that the widespread autotetraploid populations we sampled likely arose from a single ancestral population approximately 11,000–30,000 generations ago in the Northern Carpathians, where its closest extant diploid relatives are found today. Afterward, the tetraploid population split into at least four major lineages that colonized much of Europe. Reconstructions of population history suggest that substantial interploidy admixture occurred in both directions, but only among geographically proximal populations. We find two cases in which selection likely acted on an introgressed locus, suggesting that persistent interploidy gene flow has a local influence on patterns of genetic variation in <I>A. arenosa.</I></P>
COVID-19 susceptibility mapping: a case study for Marinduque Island, Philippines
Arnold R. Salvacion 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.5
Small islands are highly susceptible to infectious disease outbreak and other health emergencies because of their remoteness, small physical size, and poorly developed infrastructure. These are true in the case of Marinduque, an island province around 200 km south of the National Capital Region (NCR), which is the “epidemiological epicenter” of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. This study utilized GIS and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using demographic, socio-economic, and geographic indicators to map susceptibility of different villages in the island province of Marinduque, the Philippines. Based on the results, the northwestern and northeastern portion of Marinduque has a higher susceptibility score. Also, villages in the town centers have relatively high susceptibility scores compared to other villages in each municipality.
Recent Studies on Bioactive Alkaloids, Ⅱ
Arnold Brossi 한국생약학회 1989 생약학회지 Vol.20 No.2
We are now able to explain the classical synthesis of the Cactus alkaloid anhalinine by Spa¨th: mescaline and formaldehyde form a crystalline trimer which with acid in non-aqueous medium is smoothly transformed into anhalinine. In another study it was found that simple isoquinolines lacking aromatic substituents are inhibitors of MAO B. Aromatic oxygenated congeners inhibit MAO A, but much less so than beta-carbolines or beta carboline- anhydronium bases. The R-isomers of salsoline, salsolidine, salsolinol and carnegine were found to inhibit the enzyme better than the S-enantiomers. A practical synthesis of optically active α-hydroxybenzylisoquinolines of the erythroseries has been achieved, and absolute configur ations were established. In our work on compounds related to colchicine it was found that thio analogs of naturalcolchicinoids represented by thiocolchicine, thiocornigerine, thiodemecolcine and 2- and 3-demethylthiodemecolcine were more potent antitumor compounds than their oxygen isosters. Reaction of thiocolchicine with Lawesson`s reagent affords 9-thiodeoxothiocolchicine, a useful intermediate for the preparation of 9-thiodeoxo analogs of colchicinoids. High in vitro potency in assays measuring the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and the bindings of radiolabled colchicine to tubulin is manifested by carbonate esters and carbamates of the 3- demethylthiocolchicine series. Antitubulin activity of desaminocolchinol methyl ether prepared both, from colchicine and by total synthesis, shows the compound to be an excellent model for further studies of the interaction of colchicinoids with tubulin. Details of these investigations will be discussed. 1) The first of this series of lectures was given on August 29, 1988, in Strasbourg, France, at the 24th Rencontres Internationalse de la Socie'te' The'rapeutique de France.
Interference-filter-based stereoscopic 3D LCD
Arnold Simon,M. G. Prager,S. Schwarz,M. Fritz,H. Jorke 한국정보디스플레이학회 2010 Journal of information display Vol.11 No.1
A novel stereo 3D LCD for passive interference filter glasses is presented. A demonstrator based on a standard 120Hz LCD was set up. Stereoscopic image separation was realized in a time-sequential mode using a LED-based scanning backlight with two complementary spectra. A stereo brightness of 3 cd/m² and a channel separation of 30:1 were achieved.
Climate Change Impact on Corn Suitability in Isabela Province, Philippines
Arnold R. Salvacion,Artemio A. Martin Jr. 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.3
Climate change is expected to affect agricultural crop production in the Philippines. Several studies were already done to quantify the effect of climate change on agricultural crop production in the country. Most of these studies focus only on the effect of climate change on crop yield. This study estimated the effect of climate change on the area (suitable area) for corn production. Using the Land Use Suitability Evaluation Tool (LUSET), change in corn suitability in the province of Isabela was estimated for the years 2050, 2060, and 2070. Based on the results, climate change will negatively impact corn suitability in the province. Decreasing trend in corn suitability rating was observed due to increasing temperature resulting to loss of highly suitable areas for corn production. For example, during the first cropping season the estimated average decreases in suitability scores due to an increase in temperature were 6.7, 11.4, and 20.7% in the years 2050, 2060, and 2070, respectively. These decreases in suitability resulted in the loss of 6,777 ha highly suitable areas for corn production.