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Rolling Out a "World Car": Globalization, Outsourcing and Modularity in the Auto Industry
Arnaldo Camuffo 한국사회경제학회 2004 Korean journal of Political Economy Vol.2 No.-
This article presents a case study of the "roll-out" of a "world car" (the Flat Palio) Based on original fieldwork carried on by the author in 6 countries (Italy, Brazil, Poland, Turkey, Argentina, India), it describes one of the most diverse international strategies In the recent history of the auto industry and represents an interesting terram for analyzing how, in relationship with globalization, outsourcing and modularity play an increasing role in auto design and manufacturing This held study shows thai producing and selling in many different places a car that involves absolute cross-country identity of interior/exterior design, parts, and quality standards (a "world car") represents a complex strategy whose robustness decreases as the international scope and time span of the" global" project increase The Fiat Palio story also represents the fust in depth analysis of what are, at the firm level the dynamics that link globalization, outsourcing and modularization in the auto industry The article confirms that, as regards the auto industry, modularization a) is a vaguely defined and ambiguously used term, b) is a broad concept, applicable and applied to a number of systems (product design, manufacturing, work organization, etc), c) has only recently moved its first steps in auto design and manufacturing The article also suggests that, within a global strategy, modulanzation and outsourcing, though remaining conceptually distinct, tend to become, in practice, increasingly Inseparable. The modularization of design, production and organization is intimately related to how, while trying to save costs, reduce risky investment, and manage the institutional constraints deriving from globalization, OEMs and suppliers partition their tasks, defining a new international division of labor.
Quercetin: Further Investigation of its Antinociceptive Properties and Mechanisms of Action
Arnaldo Willain Filho,Valdir Cechinel Filho,Leonardo Olinger,Marcia Maria de Souza 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6
The antinociceptive action of quercetin, a common bioactive flavonoid present in many medicinal plants, was assessed in different models of chemical and thermal nociception in mice. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p. or 100-500 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited nociceptive behavior in the acetic acid-induced pain test. Moreover, quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain, with ID50 values of 374.1 (68.0-402.0) mmol/kg and 103.0 (45.0-201.0) mmol/kg, for the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, respectively. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg) also inhibited the nociception induced by glutamate and capsaicin by 68.2% and 75.5%, respectively. Its analgesic action was significantly reversed by p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, katanserin, methysergide, a GABAA antagonist (bicuculline), or a GABAB antagonists (baclofen). Its action was also modulated by tachykinins, but was not affected by adrenal-gland hormones. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects did not result from muscle-relaxant or sedative action. Together, these results indicate that quercetin produces dose-related anti-nociception in several models of chemical pain, through mechanisms that involve interaction with L-arginine-nitric oxide, serotonin, and GABAergic systems. These results confirm and extend other investigations on the analgesic effect of quercetin and its mechanisms of action.
SEPIC Type DC-DC Converter Fuzzy Model
Arnaldo Matute,Miguel Srefezza 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper presents the process to obtain a SEPIC type DC-DC converter fuzzy model. Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system is used to implement it with the input signal and its variation, then to generate an output close to the Laplacian model. The fuzzy rules conclusions were established through an iterative learning process, where the Laplacian model is used as teacher signal. The obtained fuzzy model response is very similar to the real one without a heavy computational processing.
Quercetin: Further Investigation of its Antinociceptive Properties and Mechanisms of Action
Filho, Arnaldo Willain,Filho, Valdir Cechinel,Olinger, Leonardo,Souza, Marcia Maria de 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6
The antinociceptive action of quercetin, a common bioactive flavonoid present in many medicinal plants, was assessed in different models of chemical and thermal nociception in mice. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p. or 100-500 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited nociceptive behavior in the acetic acid-induced pain test. Moreover, quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain, with $ID_{50}$ values of 374.1 (68.0-402.0) mmol/kg and 103.0 (45.0-201.0) mmol/kg, for the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, respectively. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg) also inhibited the nociception induced by glutamate and capsaicin by 68.2% and 75.5%, respectively. Its analgesic action was significantly reversed by p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, katanserin, methysergide, a $GABA_A$ antagonist (bicuculline), or a $GABA_B$ antagonists (baclofen). Its action was also modulated by tachykinins, but was not affected by adrenal-gland hormones. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects did not result from muscle-relaxant or sedative action. Together, these results indicate that quercetin produces dose-related anti-nociception in several models of chemical pain, through mechanisms that involve interaction with L-arginine-nitric oxide, serotonin, and GABAergic systems. These results confirm and extend other investigations on the analgesic effect of quercetin and its mechanisms of action.
Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Anesthesiologist Assistance for Endoscopic Procedures
Calcedonio Calcara,Camilla Ciscato,Arnaldo Amato,Emanuele Sinagra,Costanza Alvisi,Sandro Ardizzone,Andrea Anderloni,Pietro Gambitta 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.1
Background/Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has modified the activities of endoscopy units worldwide. Herein, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on anesthesiologist assistance for endoscopic procedures in Lombardy,Italy. Methods: A questionnaire concerning anesthesiologist assistance provided from October 26 to December 6, 2020, in comparisonwith the same period in 2019, was sent to endoscopic units in Lombardy. Results: Approximately 54% (34/63) of the units responded. A reduction in the number of all endoscopies (-33.5%; 18792 in2020 vs. 28264 in 2019) and anesthesiologist-assisted endoscopies (-15.3%; 2652 in 2020 vs. 3132 in 2019) was reported. A greaterreduction in anesthesiologist assistance was observed in government community units (-29.5%) than in academic (-14%) andprivate community units (-4.6%). Among all units, 85% reported a reduction in anesthesiologist assistance; 65% observed a delay/cancellation of procedures; 59%, a restricted patient selection; 17%, the need to transfer some patients to other hospitals; and 32%, arelated worsening of procedure quality. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic compromised the anesthesiologist assistance for endoscopic procedures in Lombardy, whichworsened the procedure quality mainly in government community units. The COVID-19 “stress test” suggests a more balancedallocation of anesthesiologic resources in the future.
Vitamin D Status of Breastfed Filipino Infants Aged Less Than 6 Months in an Urban Community
Parian-de los Angeles, Emaluz,Retoriano, Katherine,Arnaldo, Hazel,Ronquillo-Nolasco, Maria Estela,Urtula, Randy The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.4
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) status of breastfed infants less than six months old and their mothers, and factors affecting the status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on breastfed, term, Filipino infants less than six months old who were seen at local health centers and clinics in an urban area. The serum 25(OH)D levels of these infants and their mothers were determined, and their demographic data, nutritional status, sun exposure behavior, and maternal vitamin D intake were analyzed for correlation using regression models. Results: Among the 131 infants, 101 (77%) had vitamin D deficiency (VDD), which was defined as having 25(OH)D levels <37.5 nmol/L, and 13 (10%) had vitamin D insufficiency (VDI), with levels >37.5-50 nmol/L. Conversely, maternal VDD with levels <50 nmol/L was seen in 31 (24%) mothers and maternal VDI with levels 50-75 nmol/L, in 63 (48%) mothers. Infant age and maternal 25(OH)D status were independent predictors of infant VDD. Infants less than three months old were found to have a six-time increased risk of infant VDD (p=0.004). Infants who had mothers with VDD had a six-time increased risk, whereas those with maternal VDI had a four-time increased risk of infant VDD (p=0.049 and p=0.020, respectively). Conclusion: Both infant and maternal VDD and VDI were seen to be highly prevalent in this tropical, urban community. Young infants and maternal VDD/VDI independently increased the risk of infant VDD, whereas lack of sun exposure of the mothers increased the risk for maternal VDI.
( Claudia Sanna ),( Chiara Giordanino ),( Ilaria Giono ),( Claudio Barletti ),( Arnaldo Ferrari ),( Serafino Recchia ),( Dario Reggio ),( Alessandro Repici ),( Alessandro Ricchiuti ),( Mauro Salizzoni 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.3
Background/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the standard approach for the management of biliary complications in liver transplant patients; however, its safety and efficacy have not been established in this setting. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of ERCP in transplant patients. Methods: The case reports of 1,500 liver transplant patients were reviewed. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients were matched 1:2 with non-OLT patients and followed-up for long-term outcome (median, 7.4 years). Results: Of the 1,500 liver transplant patients, 94 (6.3%) underwent 150 ERCPs after OLT. Anastomotic strictures were present in 45 patients, biliary stones in 24, biliary leaks in 7, papillary stenosis in 2, and primary sclerosing cholangitis in 1. An ERCP success rate of 90.7% was achieved; biliary stenting led to resolution of the bile leak in 7/7 (100%) patients, and biliary stones were removed in 21/24 (87.5%) patients. In addition, 34 of 45 patients with anastomotic stricture underwent endoscopic dilation. We obtained complete resolution in 22/34 (64.7%) patients. OLT patients did not show a higher probability of complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.04), of pancreatitis (OR, 0.80) or of bleeding (OR, 1.34). Conclusions: ERCP is safe and effective for the treatment of post-OLT biliary complications, has a low rate of pancreatitis and results in a durable effect. (Gut Liver 2011;5:328-334)