원격수업 유형에 따른 몽골 중학생의 학습실재감과 학습몰입의 차이 분석

Ariunaa Garamhand,이현우,차윤미 부산대학교 교육발전연구소 2022 교육혁신연구 Vol.32 No.2

Purpose: As in other countries in Mongolia all education changed from face-to-face to non-face-to-face distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to examine the effectiveness of learning by distance learning class types at the beginning of the innovation of secondary education in Mongolia, this study aims to examine the difference between learning presence and learning flow by distance learning class types. Method: To achieve the purpose, a survey on learning presence and learning flow among 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students who experienced distance learning in the 4th semester of 2020 at A, B, and C middle schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia was conducted and data were collected from 452 people. The results were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis, two-way multivariate analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, Mongolian middle school students perceived cognitive, emotional, and social presence to be higher in synchronous interactive classes compared to non-synchronous TV content utilization classes but there was no difference in learning flow. Second, it was found that there were significant differences in cognitive presence, emotional presence, social presence, and learning flow according to grade level. Third, emotional presence and social presence were found to have significant differences according to class types and grades. Fourth, learning presence was found to affect learning flow, and sub-factors affecting learning flow were different by the class types. Discussion and Conclusion: Mongolian middle school students recognized higher learning presence in synchronous interactive classes in distance learning, and it was confirmed that the factors affecting learning flow differed according to class types. This suggests that learning and instructional strategies to enhance learning flow in distance classes should be differentiated by the types. 연구목적: 다른 국가와 마찬가지로 몽골에서도 코로나-19 감염병으로 인해 모든 교육이 대면에서 비대면 원격교육으로 바뀌게 되었고, 몽골에서의 원격수업은 실시간 쌍방향 수업과 비실시간 TV 콘텐츠 활용 수업의 두 유형으로 운영되었다. 본 연구는 몽골 중등 교육의 혁신이 시작되는 시점에서 학습의 효과성을 살펴보기 위해, 학습실재감과 학습몰입의 차이를 원격수업의 유형별로 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 몽골 울란바토르시의 A, B, C 중학교에서 2020년 4학기에 원격수업을 경험한 6, 7, 8, 9학년 학생을 대상으로 학습실재감과 학습몰입에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하여 452명의 데이터를 수집하였다. 결과는 기술통계분석과 이원다변량분산분석, 이원분산분석, 중다회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 먼저 몽골 중학생들은 실시간 쌍방향 수업에서 비실시간 TV 콘텐츠 활용 중심 수업에 비해 인지적 실재감, 감성적 실재감, 사회적 실재감을 모두 높게 인식하였고, 학습몰입은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학년에 따라 인지적 실재감, 감성적 실재감, 사회적 실재감, 학습몰입 모두 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감성적 실재감, 사회적 실재감은 수업유형과 학년에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 학습실재감이 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 수업유형별로 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 하위요인은 다르게 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 몽골 중학생들은 원격수업에서 실시간 쌍방향 수업에서 학습 실재감을 높게 인식하였으며, 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인은 수업유형별로 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 원격수업에서 학습몰입을 증진시키기 위한 교수-학습 전략은 수업유형별로 차이를 두어야 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

ocal Community Participation in Tourism Activities in Mongolia: Buddhist Pilgrimage Tour on Horseback

Ariunaa Erdenekhuyag 동국대학교 불교학술원 2015 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.24 No.-

The main purpose of this article is to examine the opportunity to develop community based ecotourism (CBET) with support of rural herders and to explore how to develop Buddhist religious tours on horseback as an alternative version for tourism development in Mongolia. CBET has been shown to be one of the powerful and successful means to decrease poverty and increase the livelihoods of herders in rural areas of Mongolia. Rural herders of Mongolia have a great deal to offer tourists in terms of their tangible and intangible items of cultural heritage and national identity related to their original nomadic lifestyle, which represents overall Mongolian culture. Buddhist religious tours on horseback could become a main source of CBET implementation in Mongolia because it is a common resource available to every herder in rural Mongolia. Mongolia has a rich custom of Buddhism which is deeply associated with community life. For Buddhist pilgrimage tours, factors such as transportation type, travel purpose, and destination selection are vital. However, the planning should reflect Mongolia’s unique and special socio-economic situation, in terms of life style, the environment, Buddhist traditions and sustainable management.

몽골 특수교육의 문제점과 개선 방향에 대한 특수학교 교사의 인식

아리우나체벤도르지 ( Ariunaa Tseveendorj ),박남수 ( Park Nam-su ),강종구 ( Kang Jong-gu ) 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2021 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.60 No.4

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 몽골 특수교육의 문제점과 개선 방향에 대한 교사들의 인식을 알아보는 것이다. [방법] 이를 위해 몽골의 특수학교에 근무하는 5명의 교사를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행한 다음 그 결과를 범주별로 유목화하여 분석하였다. [결론] 첫째, 특수학교 교사들은 전문성을 지닌 교사 및 인력의 부족, 열악한 학습 환경, 장애아동에게 적합하지 않은 교육과정 및 지속적인 개선의 미흡을 특수교육의 문제점으로 인식하고 있다. 둘째, 특수학교 교사들은 전문성을 지닌 교사 양성 및 연수를 통한 특수교사의 전문성 향상, 재정지원을 통한 적절한 학습 환경의 구비, 장애아동에게 적합한 교육과정 개발 및 지속적 개선이 필요하다고 인식하고 있다. [함의] 이러한 결론은 몽골 특수교육의 문제점 해결 및 개선방향의 실현을 위해서는 특수교육에 대한 정부의 적극적인 정책과 그 실현을 위한 재정적 지원에 더 많은 관심을 기울일 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the special school teachers' perception about the problems and improvement directions of Mongolia’s special education. [Method] For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 5 teachers and the results were analyzed by categorizing them. [Conclusion] First, as the problems in special education, special education teachers recognized the lack of professional teachers and human resources, the poor learning environment, the curriculum not suitable for children with disabilities, and the lack of continuous improvement. Second, special school teachers recognized the need to secure professional teachers, improvement special teachers' expertise through training, establishment of an appropriate learning environment through financial support, and development and improvement of curriculum suitable for children with disabilities. [Implication] In order to solve the problems of these problems and realize the improvement direction, it is necessary to pay more attention to the government's active policy on special education and financial support for its realization.

Alpha-Fetoprotein Response after Selective Internal Radiation Therapy versus Sorafenib in Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (SIRveNIB)

( Kh. Ariunaa ),( R. Sanduijav ),( Ya. Bolormaa ),( Tuyatsetseg ),( M. Adilsaikhan ),( O. Baatarkhuu ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is considered to be an indicator of tumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present a novel correlation of AFP response to radiologic response and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) and Sorafenib therapies. Methods: Participants from a phase III multicenter randomized trial of SIRT versus Sorafenib in HCC were studied. Thirty five patients with HCC were treated with selective internal radiation therapy or Sorafenib at our institution. Thirty one patients with baseline AFP higher than 20ng/ml were studied for analysis. AFP response was defined as more than 50% decrease from baseline. Twenty six patients with follow-up imaging were studied for the AFP imaging correlation analysis. We studied the relationship between AFP response and treatment outcome in terms of radiologic response and overall survival. Results: Of 39 patients, 31 patients (79.4%) with elevated serum AFP (>20ng/ml) and documented radiologic evaluation every 12 weeks. AFP response was seen in 3 (17.6%) of 17 and 6 (40%) of 15 of patients treated with Sorafenib and Selective internal radiation therapy, respectively (P=0.16). The hazard ratio in AFP nonresponders compared with responders was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.46-2.69). AFP responders had better survival than nonresponders (15 and 6.95 months, respectively; P<.79), and AFP response was strongly associated with survival (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.46 to 2.69; P<0.79). AFP response were frequently observed in patients with radiologically stable disease (SD) and tended to indentify a subgroup of SD patients with better survival. Conclusions: The data presented support the use of AFP response seen after locoregional therapy as an ancillary method of assessing tumor response and survival, as well as an early objective screening tool for progression by imaging.

Comparison of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy versus Sorafenib in Patients with Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mongolia

( Kh. Ariunaa ),( R. Sanduijav ),( Ya. Bolormaa ),( A. Tuyatsetseg ),( M. Adilsaikhan ),( O. Baatarkhuu ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Mongolia has one the highest hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in the world due to widespread hepatitis B and C endemic along with high alcohol consumption rate. However, local data on optimal therapeutic regime for these patients is scarce. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) using SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 microspheres versus sorafenib in Mongolian patients with locally advanced HCC patients at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B and C patients without extra-hepatic metastasis. Methods: It was a subgroup analysis based on patients enrolled from the National Cancer Center, Mongolia in the SIRveNIB study. SIRveNIB was a multi-center, randomized trial in which eligible patients with locally advanced inoperable HCC was randomized (1:1) to either single injection of SIRT or Sorafenib (oral 400mg BD) and patients were followed up till progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Key endpoints were overall survival (OS) (primary endpoint), tumor response rate, time-to-tumor progression, progression-free survival and toxicity Results: 39 patients (20 SIRT, 19Sorafenib) were enrolled from Mongolia. BCLC C patients without extra-hepatic metastasis comprised 62% of patients, 18% had portal vein thrombosis, 85% were Child-Pugh A, 45% were hepatitis B and 30% were hepatitis C. Altogether 4 of 20 patients (20%) in the SIRT arm failed to receive the study therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis was carried out with the OS in the SIRT and Sorafenib arms being 9.2 and 15.6 months, respectively, (Hazard ratio [HR]0.95, P=0.889).Tumour response rate (TRR) was 10% and 0% (P=0.487) respectively. Time-to-tumor progression(TTP) was 6.2 vs 8.5months (HR 1.01, P=0.971) and progression-free survival (PFS) 5.9 vs 8.5 months (HR 1.07, P=0.842 for SIRT and Sorafenib, respectively.At least one severe adverse event (=3 grade) was found in 56% and 47% of patients in the SIRT and Sorafenib arms, respectively. Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of a single center which is part of a larger multi-center, randomized controlled trial, 20% of the patients assigned to the SIRT arm failed to receive SIRT. On intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in OS, TRR, TTP and PFS between the SIRT and sorafenib arms.

Epidemiology and Genotype Distribution of HCV in Mongolia

( Sosorbaram Ariunaa ),( D. Munkh-orshikh ),( Ch. Bolormaa ),( B. Gansaikhan ),( Oidov Baatarkhuu ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Mongolia is a unique country with high endemicity for three blood borne hepatitis viruses, namely HBV, HCV and HDV. The number of patients with acute hepatitis decreased considerably with an estimated annual number of cases 13,000/ year in 1991 to 1700/year in 2013 in Mongolia.Hepatitis B and C virus infection are one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis and HCC in Mongolia. However, viral hepatitis C is still one of the serious public health concerns in Mongolia. To investigate of HCV infection among apparently healthy populations in Mongolia. Methods: The study population was consisted of 1512 subjects from 13 provinces and Ulaanbaatar city which is the capital city of Mongolia, and the age ranged from 0 to 80 years. Results: According to our study results, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 15.6%, and the HCV RNA was detected in 11 %; therefore, we can say that the prevalence of this infection is very high in Mongolia.The prevalence of anti-HCV and HCV RNA had a tendency to increase with age. The prevalence of anti-HCV and HCV RNA in population aged over 61 years was significantly higher than those aged 31 to 40 year. The history of dental care, surgery, and tattooing was significantly more frequent in anti-HCV positive subjects compared with anti-HCV negative subjects. Interestingly, the most of HCV infection is caused by genotype 1. However, Genotype 2 of HCV is very rare, less than 2 percent in Mongolia. The extreme predominance of HCV genotype 1b in the Mongolian population may be explained by the greater ethnic and genetic homogeneity of current Mongolian population. Conclusions: The epidemiological situation of HCV infection in Mongolia is catastrophic. This infection was evenly distributed in all areas and has endemic characteristics for the country. The rate of positive anti-HCV and HCV-RNA was increasing age-dependently. The predominant genotype of HCV in Mongolia is 1b.

Pro-poor Tourism Applying Opportunities for Rural Herders of Mongolia

아리우나 에르데네호야그(Ariunaa Erdenekhuyag),이주희(Lee, Ju-Hee) 대한경영학회 2012 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Identification of a New HLA-DRB1*1101 Allele by Sequence-based Typing from a Bronze Aged Mongolian Skeletal Remain

아리오나 턱럼 외 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2008 中央醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3/4

고대 사람 시료의 DNA 분석은 인류학 및 사람 진화 연구에서 최근 세계적으로 널리 이용되고 있는 추세이다. HLA 분석은 조직 및 기관 이식시 조직적합판정을 위한 필수적인 방법으로 이용되며 또한 인류 진화 연구에 있어서 사립체 및 Y 염색체 DNA와 더불어 널리 이용되고 있다. 고대 사람 시료로부터 HLA 분석 성공 보고는 매우 드물다. 본 연구에서는 고대 사람 시료로부터 DNA를 추출하고 고해상도 염기서열에 기초한 HLA-DRB1 염기서열 분석을 위한 방법을 개발하였고, 청동기시대로 추정되는 서부 몽고 지역에서 출토된 사람 뼈로부터 새로운 HLA DRB1 대립유전자를 발견하였다. 이 HLA 대립유전자는 새로운 HLA-DRB1*1101 대립유전자에 속하였다. 이 대립유전자는 49번째 코돈에서 alanine 아미노산이 threonine 아미노산으로 바뀐 (GCG → ACG) 변이를 함유하였으며 74번째 코돈에서 GCG → GCA로 바뀐 침묵변이를 함유하였다. 이는 현재까지 알려진 DRB1*110101, DRB1*110102와 DRB1*110106과 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 고대 사람 시료로부터 처음으로 새로운 HLA 염기서열의 존재를 증명하였다. 이 새로운 HLA DRB1 염기서열은 GenBank에 등록을 하였으며, 앞으로 HLA 염기서열 분석을 통한 사람 유연관계 분석과 잠재적 조직이식 적합성 분석을 위한 데이터베이스의 한 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Some studies on QoS in Mongolian Telecommunication Network

T. Lkhagvasuren,Ts. Ariunaa 대한전자공학회 2006 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.2006 No.6

In Vitro Monitoring of a Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Using 1375-nm Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Ji-Hyun Kim,Ariunaa Togloom,Jae-Ho Han,Jaeryung Oh IEEE 2017 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.35 No.16

<P>Measurement of cell number is important in cell-based in vitro screenings for therapeutic drugs and tissue engineering such as cell culture maintenance, cell plating, and cell growth, as well as monitoring of cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. We performed cell counting using intensity-based in vitro spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Adult retinal pigment epithelium cells were cultured on a glass dish to prevent diffuse reflection from the surface, and the dish was tilted by 15° during OCT imaging to reduce coherence noise from specular reflection. Rasterized scanning was performed to generate a three-dimensional volume image with an en face image of the retinal pigment epithelium cell layers. Cell counting was achieved by measuring the density of bright spots after layer extraction and thresholding. Two other cell counting methods were also performed for the purpose of comparison, one using a hemocytometer and the other using water-soluble tetrazolium-1; cell counting by in vitro OCT yielded results better than those from the hemocytometer. Our results showed that in vitro OCT systems can be a powerful tool for estimating and analyzing cell density in a cultured sample without the need for dyeing the sample or causing cell death.</P>