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Stainless Steel in Thermal Desalination and Brine Treatment: Current Status and Prospects
Argyris Panagopoulos,Maria Loizidou,Katherine‑Joanne Haralambous 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.10
Desalination is considered one of the most viable and technically feasible strategies for the production of freshwater fromsaline solutions (brackish water, seawater and brine). Thousands of membrane and thermal desalination plants operate dailyin many countries around the world, with thermal desalination plants being more advantageous especially in areas withcheap energy. Stainless steel is a reliable material choice for thermal desalination plants due to excellent properties such asstability and minimum maintenance requirements. However, corrosion can cause catastrophic failures in stainless steel dueto high temperatures and corrosive environments. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of stainless steelgrades (austenitic, super austenitic, duplex, super duplex and hyper duplex) that have been and can be used in thermal desalinationand brine treatment applications and discuss their opportunities and challenges. In terms of mechanical propertiesand corrosion resistance, the grades of stainless steel are compared. Thus, for each grade, an application area is suggestedto minimize the possibility of material failure. Furthermore, this review discusses recent trends in stainless steel corrosioncontrol and anti-corrosion materials and methods.
Bayesian estimation of tension in bridge hangers using modal frequency measurements
Papadimitriou, Costas,Giakoumi, Konstantina,Argyris, Costas,Spyrou, Leonidas A.,Panetsos, Panagiotis Techno-Press 2016 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.3 No.4
The tension of an arch bridge hanger is estimated using a number of experimentally identified modal frequencies. The hanger is connected through metallic plates to the bridge deck and arch. Two different categories of model classes are considered to simulate the vibrations of the hanger: an analytical model based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and a high-fidelity finite element (FE) model. A Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection method is used to discriminate between models, select the best model, and estimate the hanger tension and its uncertainty. It is demonstrated that the end plate connections and boundary conditions of the hanger due to the flexibility of the deck/arch significantly affect the estimate of the axial load and its uncertainty. A fixed-end high fidelity FE model of the hanger underestimates the hanger tension by more than 20 compared to a baseline FE model with flexible supports. Simplified beam models can give fairly accurate results, close to the ones obtained from the high fidelity FE model with flexible support conditions, provided that the concept of equivalent length is introduced and/or end rotational springs are included to simulate the flexibility of the hanger ends. The effect of the number of experimentally identified modal frequencies on the estimates of the hanger tension and its uncertainty is investigated.
Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Field-Grown Barley, Oat, and Wheat
Anastasia Venieraki,Maria Dimou,Eleni Vezyri,Io Kefalogianni,Nikolaos Argyris,Georgia Liara,Panagiotis Pergalis,Iordanis Chatzipavlidis,Panagiotis Katinakis 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4
Diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare,and Avena sativa grown in various regions of Greece. One isolate, with the highest nitrogen-fixation ability from each of the eleven rhizospheres, was selected for further characterisation. Diazotrophic strains were assessed for plant-growth-promoting traits such as indoleacetic acid production and phosphate solubilisation. The phylogenies of 16S rRNA gene of the selected isolates were compared with those based on dnaK and nifH genes. The constructed trees indicated that the isolates were members of the species Azospirillum brasilense,Azospirillum zeae, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Furthermore, the ipdC gene was detected in all A. brasilence and one A. zeae isolates. The work presented here provides the first molecular genetic evidence for the presence of culturable nitrogen-fixing P. stutzeri and A. zeae associated with field-grown A. sativa and H. vulgare in Greece.
Maria Korogiannou,Marieta Theodorakopoulou,Pantelis Sarafidis,Maria Eleni Alexandrou,Eva Pella,Efstathios Xagas,Antonis Argyris,Athanase Protogerou,Aikaterini Papagianni,Ioannis N. Boletis,Smaragdi Ma 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.4
Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor in both kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and patients with chronickidney disease (CKD). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold-standard method for hypertension management in these subjects. This is the first study evaluating the full ambulatory blood pressure (BP) profile and short-term BP variability(BPV) in KTRs versus CKD patients without kidney replacement therapy. Methods: Ninety-three KTRs were matched with 93 CKD patients for age, sex, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. All participantsunderwent 24-hour ABPM. Mean ambulatory BP levels, BP trajectories, and BPV indices (standard deviation [SD], weighted SD, and average real variability) were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in 24-hour systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) (KTRs: 126.9 ±13.1/79.1 ± 7.9 mmHg vs. CKD: 128.1 ± 11.2/77.9 ± 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.52/0.29), daytime SBP/DBP and nighttime SBP; nighttimeDBP was slightly higher in KTRs (KTRs: 76.5 ± 8.8 mmHg vs. CKD: 73.8 ± 8.8 mmHg, p = 0.04). Repeated measurements analysis ofvariance showed a significant effect of time on both ambulatory SBP and DBP (SBP: F = [19, 3002] = 11.735, p < 0.001, partial η2=0.069) but not of KTR/CKD status (SBP: F = [1, 158] = 0.668, p = 0.42, partial η2= 0.004). Ambulatory systolic/diastolic BPV indiceswere not different between KTRs and CKD patients, except for 24-hour DBP SD that was slightly higher in the latter group (KTRs: 10.2 ±2.2 mmHg vs. CKD: 10.9 ± 2.6 mmHg, p = 0.04). No differences were noted in dipping pattern between the two groups. Conclusion: Mean ambulatory BP levels, BP trajectories, and short-term BPV indices are not significantly different between KTRs and CKDpatients, suggesting that KTRs have a similar ambulatory BP profile compared to CKD patients without kidney replacement therapy.
Cilostazol for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: Should the Guidelines Perhaps Be Extended?
George Galyfos,Argyri Sianou 대한혈관외과학회 2017 Vascular Specialist International Vol.33 No.3
Cilostazol belongs to the new generation antiplatelet agents that have been introduced and studied regarding a potential role in cardiovascular disease prevention or treatment. Although data on peripheral artery disease are sufficient, and the drug has been recommended as first line treatment for intermittent claudication, it has not been approved nor recommended as far as cerebrovascular events are concerned. However, a great volume of randomized as well as pooled data has been published during the last years. Therefore, this review aims to describe the basic mechanisms of cilostazol’s action as well as to present all recent clinical data in order to conclude on whether official guidelines should be extended.
Bioactivity of Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanoemulsions Evaluated in Mice Model
Antonios E. Koutelidakis,Konstantina Argyri,Zoi Sevastou,Dimitra Lamprinaki,Elli Panagopoulou,Evi Paximada,Aggeliki Sali,Vassilis Papalazarou,Athanasios Mallouchos,Vasiliki Evageliou,Vasiliki Kostouro 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.9
The hypothesis that incorporation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into nanoemulsions may increase its bioactivity compared with EGCG aqueous solutions was examined in mice. After an in vitro study in a model system with stimulated gastrointestinal conditions, the following EGCG nanoemulsions were used in a mice experiment: Emulsion I: emulsion water in oil (W/O), which contained 0.23 mg/mL EGCG in aqueous phase; Emulsion II: emulsion oil in water (O/W), which contained 10% olive oil and 0.23 mg/mL esterified EGCG in fatty phase; and Emulsion III: emulsion O/W in water (W1/O/W2; 8:32:60), which contained 32% olive oil and 0.23 mg/mL EGCG in aqueous phase. After 2 h of mice administration by gavage with 0.1 mL of EGCG nanoemulsions, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma and some tissues (especially colon, jejunum, heart, spleen) was measured with Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays. No toxic effects were observed after administration of 0.23 mg/mL esterified EGCG in CD1 mouse strain. The study concluded that administration of mice with the three EGCG nanoemulsions did not increase their TAC in specific tissues, compared with an aqueous EGCG solution at the same concentration. Nevertheless, the esterified EGCG emulsion (Emulsion II) exerted an increase in mice plasma compared with aqueous EGCG and showed higher values of TAC in several tissues, compared with Emulsions I and III. EGCG nanoemulsions could be considered a useful method in plethora functional food applications, but further research is required for safer results.
Antonios E. Koutelidakis,Dimosthenis Kizis,Konstantina Argyri,Alkistis Kyriakou,Michael Komaitis,Maria Kapsokefalou 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.11
The hypothesis that iron and fat in the diet may affect green tea extract (GTE) bioactivity, in particular antioxidant capacity and gene expression, was proposed and tested in mice. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to have for 37 days free access to standard or high-fat diets with or without GTE and ferrous lactate. Mice were euthanized and specific organs were removed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on liver and heart mRNA extracts. The FRAP assay showed that GTE from the standard diet did not affect plasma TAC but increased TAC of heart, aorta, and duodenum. GTE from diets enriched with iron resulted to lower TAC of liver and heart than diets with GTE alone. GTE from the fatty diet did not have any effect on TAC compared with fatty control diet, but increased TAC in heart and aorta compared with standard control diet. An effect on expression of the mapk-1 and NF-kB genes in heart was observed in the presence of GTE. These results suggest that GTE may exhibit bioactivity in some organs affected by dietary fat and iron. The findings of this study contribute to the elucidation of the role of dietary components on tea bioactivity.