Re-definition of position and calculation of safe area for axillary nerve in deltoid muscle with its clinical relevance : a cadaveric study

Apurba Patra,Manjit Singh,Harsimarjit Kaur,Rajan Kumar Singla,Vishal Malhotra 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.2

Several authors have made efforts to define the position of the axillary nerve within deltoid muscle and to calculate the so called safe area for this nerve but it still remains a matter of debate. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the acromio-axillary (AA) distance and its correlation with upper arm length. The secondary aim was to re-define the safe area for axillary nerve within deltoid muscle. Sixty shoulders of thirty adult human cadavers were dissected using standard methods. The distance from the anterior and posterior edge of acromion to the upper border of the course of the axillary nerve was measured and recorded as anterior and posterior AA distance respectively. Correlation analysis was done between the upper arm length and AA distance for each limb. The ratios between anterior and posterior AA distance and upper arm length were calculated and mentioned as anterior index and posterior index, respectively. The mean of anterior and posterior AA distance was 5.22 cm and 4.17 cm, respectively. The mean of upper arm length was 29.30 cm. The means of anterior index and posterior indices were 0.18 and 0.14, respectively. There was a significant correlation between upper arm length and both the anterior and posterior AA distance. The axillary nerve was found to lie at variable distance from the acromion. The minimum AA distance was found to be 3.50 cm. So this should be considered as the maximum permissible length of the deltoid split. Upper arm length has strong correlation with both anterior and posterior AA distances. The ideal safe area for the axillary nerve was found to be a quadrangular area above it and the size of which depends on the length of the upper arm.

The benefit of platelet-rich plasma injection over institutionbased physical therapy program in adhesive capsulitis patients with diabetes mellitus: prospective observational cohort study

Apurba Barman,Somnath Mukherjee,Mithilesh K Sinha,Jagannatha Sahoo,Amrutha Viswanath 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection with an institution-based physical therapy (PT) program for adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of seventy diabetic patients with AC of the shoulder for <6 months were assigned to two groups: PRP group and PT group. In the PRP group, 35 patients were administered a single shot of PRP (4 mL) into the glenohumeral joint. In the PT group, 35 patients were given institution-based PT that included 10 30-minute sessions of planned PT over a 2-week period. After the interventions, all patients were prospectively followed for 12 weeks. Intensity of shoulder pain, function, and range of motion were assessed at baseline and then at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Results: Thirty-three patients in the PRP group and 32 in the PT group completed the 12-week study. At 12 weeks, patients who received PRP injections showed greater improvement in shoulder pain (p<0.001) than those recruited to the PT group. In the range of motion and shoulder function activities, patients in the PRP group showed significant improvement compared with the institution-based PT group (p<0.001). No significant complications were reported from any groups. Conclusions: In a diabetic population, PRP injections significantly improved shoulder pain and function compared with an institution-based PT program for shoulder AC. Additionally, it is a safe and well-tolerated method for AC management for diabetic patients.

Artificial Intelligence Framework for Intelligent Omni-Surface Assisted Holographic MIMO using Sequential Neural Network Model

Apurba Adhikary,Avi Deb Raha,Sumit Kumar Dam,Sang Hoon Hong,Choong Seon Hong 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.12

Relative Rota-Baxter systems on Leibniz algebras

Apurba Das,Shuangjian Guo 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회지 Vol.60 No.2

In this paper, we introduce relative Rota-Baxter systems on Leibniz algebras and give some characterizations and new constructions. Then we construct a graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are relative Rota-Baxter systems. This allows us to define a cohomology theory associated with a relative Rota-Baxter system. Finally, we study formal deformations and extendibility of finite order deformations of a relative Rota-Baxter system in terms of the cohomology theory.

Reverse Bias Leakage Current Mechanism of AlGaN/InGaN/GaN Heterostructure

Apurba Chakraborty,Saptarsi Ghosh,Partha Mukhopadhyay,Sanjay K. Jana,Syed Mukulika Dinara,Ankush Bag,Mihir K. Mahata,Rahul Kumar,Subhashis Das,Palash Das,Dhrubes Biswas 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.2

The reverse bias leakage current mechanism of AlGaN/InGaN/GaNheterostructure is investigated by current-voltage measurement intemperature range from 298 K to 423 K. The Higher electric field acrossthe AlGaN barrier layer of AlGaN/InGaN/GaN double heterostructuredue to higher polarization charge is found to be responsible for strongFowler-Nordheim (FN) tunnelling in the electric field higher than3.66 MV/cm. For electric field less than 3.56 MV/cm, the reverse biasleakage current is also found to follow the trap assisted Frenkel-Poole(FP) emission in low negative bias region. Analysis of reverse FPemission yielded the barrier height of trap energy level of 0.34 eV withrespect to Fermi level.

Target Oriented Communication Resource Allocation for Holographic MIMO using Sequential Neural Network Model

Apurba Adhikary,Md. Shirajum Munir,Choong Seon Hong 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

Oxygen-deficient Reduced TiO<SUB>2-X</SUB>

Apurba Sinhamahapatra,Jong-Pil Jeon,Jong-Sung Yu 한국표면공학회 2016 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.11

Reduced or black TiO₂-x materials with oxygen-deficiency have been achieved by creating oxygen vacancies and/or defects at the surface using different methods.1 Fascinatingly, they exhibited an extended absorption in VIS and IR instead of only UV light with bandgap decrease from 3.2 (anatase) to ~1 eV. However, despite the dramatic enhancement of optical absorption in black TiO₂-x materials, they have failed to show expected visible light-assisted water splitting efficiency. This was ascribed to the high concentration of the surface defects and/or oxygen vacancies, considered as an electron donor to enhance donor density and improve the charge transportation in black TiO₂ can also act as charge recombination centers, which eventually decrease photocatalytic activity.3 Therefore, a black ot reducd TiO₂ material with optimized properties would be highly desired for visible light photocatalysis. In this report, a new controlled magnesiothermic reduction has been developed to synthesize reduced black TiO2-x in the presence H₂/Ar for photocatalytic H2 production from methanol-water system.4 The material possesses an optimum band gap and band position, oxygen vacancies, and surface defects and shows significantly improved optical absorption in the visible and infrared region. The synergistic effects enable the reduced TiO2-x material to show an excellent hydrogen production ability along with long-term stability under the full solar wavelength range of light and visible light, respectively, in the methanol–water system in the presence of Pt as a co-catalyst. These values are superior to those of previously reported black TiO2 materials. On the basis of all the results, it can be realized that the outstanding activity and stability of the reduced of TiO2-x NPs suggest that a balanced combination of different factors like Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>, surface defects, oxygen vacancy, and recombination center is achieved along with optimized bandgap and band position during the preparation employing magnesiothermic reduction in the presence of H₂. The controlled magnesiothermic reduction in the presence of H₂ is one of the best alternative ways to produce active and stable TiO₂-based photocatalyst for H₂ production.

A Deep Learning Approach for Target-oriented Communication Resource Allocation in Holographic MIMO

Apurba Adhikary(아푸르보 아디히카리),Md. Shirajum Munir(엠디 시라줌 무니르),Avi Deb Raha(아비 데브 라하),Min Seok Kim(김민석),Jong Won Choe(최종원),Choong Seon Hong(홍충선) 한국정보과학회 2023 정보과학회논문지 Vol.50 No.5

본 논문은 홀로그램 기술을 이용하여 다양한 형태의 사용자를 위한 사용자 지향 통신 리소스 할당을 수행하는 단일 셀 대규모 다중 입력 다중 출력(mMIMO) 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 목표지향 사용자에게 서비스를 제공하기 위한 빔 포밍의 저전력 요구 사항을 확인하기 위해 홀로그램 그리드 어레이(HGA)에서 활성 그리드의 수를 최소화할 수 있는 기술을 제안한다. 이를 위해 신호 대 간섭 잡음 비율(SINR)을 최대화하여 문제를 공식화하였다. 이는 효과적인 빔포밍 및 총 전력 규칙을 생성하여 자원 할당을 최대화한다. 또한, 홀로그램 mMIMO 시스템은 더 적은 전력으로 다양한 사용자들의 장비에 서비스를 동시에 제공할 수 있다. 인공지능(AI) 기반 솔루션을 고안하기 위해 전력 제약을 최소화한 그리드 활성화 결정을 위한 순차 신경망 모델을 개발하였다. 시뮬레이션 및 성능 평가 결과에서 전력이 효율적으로 할당되고 0.01의 낮은 RMSE 점수로 효과적인 빔이 형성됨을 보여주었다. In this paper, we propose a single-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system assisted with holography that performs target-oriented communication resource allocation for heterogeneous users. This paper proposes a technique that can minimize the number of active grids from holographic grid arrays (HGA) for confirming the requirement of lower power toward beamforming to serve target-oriented users. Therefore, we formulated a problem by maximizing the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR), which, in turn, maximizes the efficient resource allocation for the users by generating effective beamforming and controlling the sum-power rule. Additionally, our holography-assisted mMIMO system is capable of serving heterogeneous user equipment simultaneously with a lower power budget. To devise the artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution, we developed a sequential neural network model for grid activation decisions with minimized power constraint. Finally, the simulation and performance evaluation results show that power was allocated efficiently, and effective beams were formed for serving the users with a lower RMSE score of 0.01.

Platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

( Apurba Barman ),( Mithilesh K. Sinha ),( Jagannatha Sahoo ),( Debasish Jena ),( Vikas Patel ),( Suman Patel ),( Souvik Bhattacharjee ),( Debanjan Baral ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for clinical trials which compared PRP injection with other ‘active treatment’ interventions (‘Non-PRP’ injection and ‘No-injection’ treatments) or ‘No-active treatment’ interventions. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that had been published up to 15 November 2021, were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome, pain relief, was measured on a ‘visual analog scale.’ Secondary outcomes were knee functional activities and quality of life (QoL). The PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the study. Results: Eight comparative studies were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Assessment of these studies revealed that there were no significant differences in pain relief, functional outcomes, and QoL in the short, medium, and long term between PRP injection and Non-PRP injection interventions. Similarly, comparison of PRP injection to the No-active treatment intervention showed no differences in short- and medium-term pain relief. However, when PRP injection was compared to the No-injection treatment intervention extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ECWT), the former was found to be more effective in terms of pain relief in the medium term (mean difference [MD] - 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 2.72 to - 0.28) and long term (MD - 1.70; 95% CI, - 2.90 to - 0.50) and functional outcomes in the medium term (MD 13.0; 95% CI 3.01-22.99) and long term (MD 13.70; 95% CI 4.62-22.78). Conclusions: In terms of pain relief and functional outcomes, the PRP injection did not provide significantly greater clinical benefit than Non-PRP injections in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. However, in comparison with ESWT, there was a significant benefit in favor of PRP injection.

Location-Dependent and Task-Oriented Resource Allocation for Holographic Beamforming Using Transformer

Apurba Adhikary,Avi Deb Raha,Monishanker Halder,Mrityunjoy Gain,Choong Seon Hong 한국정보과학회 2023 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.6