Migrate to IPv6 on 6PE with MPLS-TE

Muhammad Farrukh Anwaar,Sameer Qazi 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.2

Due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, the transition to IPv6 has already begun using various transition mechanisms. In this paper comparison between two transition mechanism 6PE and 6to4 tunneling over MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) based network has been performed. The experimental platform used is based on GNS3/Dynagen using emulated routers on which multiple TCP and UDP flows were generated between separated IPv6 network traversing through IPv4 based core. Traffic were generated using both transition mechanism and are compared to native IPv4 based MPLS network. Performance metric used are end-to-end delay, jitter and throughput, these parameters are also analyzed statistically using ANOVA, F-Test and T-Test to support a conclusion. Further, MPLS Traffic-Engineering (TE) using RSVP-TE signalling is applied, describing the implementation and performance test and analysis of TE tunnels on 6PE for IPv6 traffic. The same test-bed is used to implement and observe MPLS-TE behavior and throughput of 6PE based MPLS-TE to that of native IPv4 based MPLS-TE. Concluding, throughput of 6PE and 6to4 is around 99% and 96%, respectively, as compared to that of native IPv4.

Removal of humic acid from water using adsorption coupled with electrochemical regeneration

Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar Asghar,Syed Nadir Hussain,Edward Pelham Lindfield Roberts,Nigel Willis Brown 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.7

A novel and economic waste water treatment technology comprised of adsorption coupled with electrochemical regeneration was introduced at the University of Manchester in 2006. An electrically conducting adsorbent material called NyexTM 1000 (Graphite intercalation based material) was developed for the said purpose. This adsorbent material delivered significantly lower adsorption capacity for the removal of a number of organic pollutants. With the aim to expand the scope of newly developed adsorbent material called NyexTM 2000, we studied the adsorption of humic acid followed by electrochemical regeneration. NyexTM 2000 is a highly electrically conducting material with an adsorption capacity almost twice that of NyexTM 1000 (intercalation based graphite compound) for humic acid. The adsorption of humic acid onto both NyexTM adsorbents was found to be fast enough keeping almost the same kinetics with approximately 50% of the adsorption capacity being achieved within the first twenty minutes. The parameters affecting the regeneration efficiency, including the treatment time, charge passed and current density, were investigated. The regeneration efficiency at around 100% for NyexTM 1000 & 2000 adsorbents saturated with humic acid was obtained using the charge passed of 8 and 22 Cg−1 at a current density of 7mA cm−2 during a treatment time of 30minutes,respectively.

Improved phenol adsorption from aqueous solution using electrically conducting adsorbents

Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar Asghar,Syed Nadir Hussain,Hamed Sattar,Edward Pelham Lindfield Roberts,Nigel Willis Brown 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.5

The electrically conducting and partially porous graphite based adsorbent (called NyexTM 2000) was testedfor its adsorption capacity and electrochemical regeneration ability for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution. NyexTM 2000 was tested in comparison with NyexTM 1000, which is currently being used for a number of industrialwaste water treatment applications. NyexTM 1000 exhibited small adsorption capacity of 0.1 mg g−1 for phenol becauseof having small specific surface area of 1 m2 g−1. In contrast, NyexTM 2000 with specific surface area of 17 m2 g−1 deliveredan adsorption capacity of 0.8 mg g−1, which was eight-fold higher than that of NyexTM 1000. NyexTM 2000 wassuccessfully electrochemically regenerated by passing a current of 0.5 A, charge passed of 31 C g−1 for a treatmenttime of 45 minutes. These electrochemical parameters were comparable to NyexTM 1000 for which a current of 0.5 A,charge passed of 5 C g−1 for a treatment time of 20 minutes were applied for complete oxidation of adsorbed phenol. The comparatively high charge density was found to be required for NyexTM 2000, which is justified with its higheradsorption capacity. The FTIR results validated the mineralization of adsorbed phenol into CO2 and H2O except theformation of few by-products, which were in traces when compared with the concentration of phenol removed fromaqueous solution. The electrical energy as required for electrochemical oxidation of phenol adsorbed onto NyexTM 1000& 2000 was found to be 214 and 196 J mg−1, respectively. The comparatively low energy requirement for electrochemicaloxidation using NyexTM 2000 is consistent with its higher bed electrical conductivity, which is twice that of NyexTM1000.

LPV Modeling and Tracking Control of Dissimilar Redundant Actuation System for Civil Aircraft

Salman Ijaz,Mirza Tariq Hamayun,Haris Anwaar,Lin Yan,Ming Kuo Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3

Dissimilar redundant actuation systems (DRAS) are in practice in advanced aircraft in order to increasereliability and to resolve the actuator failure issue due to common cause. This paper addresses the problem offorce fighting that occurs due to dynamics mismatch of two dissimilar actuators in DRAS and provides a method toachieve precise tracking of aircraft control surface. The nonlinear system dynamics are first transformed into linearparameter varying (LPV) form using recursive least square (RLS) method. The LPV observer based controller isthen designed to synchronize the positions of dissimilar actuators in DRAS and to drive the control surface smoothly. By applying linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), parameter dependent Lyapunov function (PDLF) is obtained toachieve global stability and to compute the controller and observer gains. To test controller according to realflight condition, an external disturbance signal that acts as air load is applied at the control surface input. Severalsimulations on the nonlinear system validate the dominant performance of proposed controller as compared to theexisting methods in literature.

Xylanolytic Modification in Wheat Flour and its Effect on Dough Rheological Characteristics and Bread Quality Attributes

Zulfiqar Ahmad,Nauman Khalid,Masood Sadiq Butt,Anwaar Ahmed 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Effects of various xylanase treatments applied at different stages of bread making process on dough rheological characteristics and bread quality attributes were investigated. Different doses (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 IU) of purified enzyme were applied at two stages (tempering and mixing). In milling and dough making processes, both types of flour (subjected to enzyme treatment during tempering and flour mixing) exhibited decreasing trend in water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, softening of dough, dough mixing time, viscosity peak, set back, and increasing tendency in peak height and pasting temperature. Treatments during tempering resulted in more significant effects as compared to applications during flour mixing. The dough rising during proofing resulted in enhancement from 137±3.21% (control) to maximum value (192.33±2.90%), when 600 IU of xylanases were applied to 1 kg of wheat grains during tempering. The bread sensory attributes also exhibited significant improvement in response to various doses of purified enzymes.

Xylanolytic Modification in Wheat Flour and its Effect on Dough Rheological Characteristics and Bread Quality Attributes

Ahmad, Zulfiqar,Butt, Masood Sadiq,Ahmed, Anwaar,Khalid, Nauman The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Effects of various xylanase treatments applied at different stages of bread making process on dough rheological characteristics and bread quality attributes were investigated. Different doses (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 IU) of purified enzyme were applied at two stages (tempering and mixing). In milling and dough making processes, both types of flour (subjected to enzyme treatment during tempering and flour mixing) exhibited decreasing trend in water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, softening of dough, dough mixing time, viscosity peak, set back, and increasing tendency in peak height and pasting temperature. Treatments during tempering resulted in more significant effects as compared to applications during flour mixing. The dough rising during proofing resulted in enhancement from $137{\pm}3.21$% (control) to maximum value ($192.33{\pm}2.90$%), when 600 IU of xylanases were applied to 1 kg of wheat grains during tempering. The bread sensory attributes also exhibited significant improvement in response to various doses of purified enzymes.