Two Phase Clocked Adiabatic Static CMOS Logic and its Logic Family

Anuar, Nazrul,Takahashi, Yasuhiro,Sekine, Toshikazu The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.1

This paper proposes a two-phase clocked adiabatic static CMOS logic (2PASCL) circuit that utilizes the principles of adiabatic switching and energy recovery. The low-power 2PASCL circuit uses two complementary split-level sinusoidal power supply clocks whose height is equal to $V_{dd}$. It can be directly derived from static CMOS circuits. By removing the diode from the charging path, higher output amplitude is achieved and the power consumption of the diode is eliminated. 2PASCL has switching activity that is lower than dynamic logic. We also design and simulate NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR logic gates on the basis of the 2PASCL topology. From the simulation results, we find that 2PASCL 4-inverter chain logic can save up to 79% of dissipated energy as compared to that with a static CMOS logic at transition frequencies of 1 to 100 MHz. The results indicate that 2PASCL technology can be advantageously applied to low power digital devices operated at low frequencies, such as radio-frequency identifications (RFIDs), smart cards, and sensors.

Co-integration analysis of captureerecapture method in toad, Phrynoidis aspera (Gravenhorst, 1829)

Anuar Mohd Sar Shahrul,Taofik Oyedele Dauda,C.C. Hong,Evan Quah,Taiwo Omodele 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.1

The Asian giant toad, Phrynoidis aspera, research is faced mainly with twin challenges of conservationand efficient sampling techniques for research purposes. This research is therefore conducted to assessthe co-integration feature of the captureerecapture methods and to evaluate both long- and short-termeffect of capture on the recapture of P. aspera using Titi Kerawang waterfall (N05 24.23/E100 13.41/),Teluk Bahang. Toads encountered in the study area were caught and marked using PIT tags weekly. Dataobtained were subjected to summary statistics (mean, standard error, and variance), correlogram, crosscorrelogram, stationary test, and exogenous and endogenous variable determination. Mean Asian gianttoad recaptured fell between three for the 2nd week and 25 for the 14th week. For the capture, the rangewas between zero for the 12th week and nine for the 3rd week, while the 1st capture was 12 toads. Therewas no visible similarity in the variances of the toad indices indicated by the correlogram of both captureand recapture as well as their cross-correlogram. The cross-correlogram ranged between 0.6665 and0.4029. From these results, randomness of data as well as their independence can thus be established. Also, the results portray that the summary statistics does not present any visible stationary trend in bothtoad capture and recapture. The raw data can therefore be said to be nonstationary (that is variance oftoad capture/recapture in a week, xt is not dependent on preceding week, xt-1). The augmented DickeyeFuller statistics of both capture (0.97294 to 3.92035) and recapture (1.13288 to 4.00443) indicatedstrong evidence that both capture and recapture series of the nontransformed data on the long run areI(1). The short-run co-integration according to this study contrast with the long-run co-integration.

Falkner-Skan equation for flow past a moving wedge with suction orinjection

Anuar Ishak,Roslinda Nazar,Ioan Pop 한국전산응용수학회 2007 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.25 No.1

Effects of air gap on membrane substrate properties and membrane performance for biomass processing

Elfira Anuar,Syed Mohd Saufi,Hafizuddin Wan Yussof 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.7

We studied a correlation between the membrane substrate properties and the final performance of hollow fiber thin film composite (TFC) membrane for xylose/glucose concentration and acetic acid removal. Polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber membrane substrate was fabricated using 20 wt% PSf, 2 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 78 wt% dimethylformamide via dry-wet spinning process. The air gap distance was manipulated from 6 cm to 15 cm during spinning to produce different substrate membrane properties. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and porosity of the membrane substrate increased as the air gap distance increased. Membrane substrate that was spun at 6 cm air gap showed a rapid phase inversion without much chain relaxation, thus producing the smallest MWCO (8 kDa) and an average pore diameter (4.46 nm). The TFC membrane produced using this membrane substrate showed the best performance in terms of solute rejection and separation factor. The rejection for xylose, glucose and acetic acid was 91.66±0.09%, 67.28±13.97%, and 13.08±3.00%, respectively. This results in an ideal separation factor of 3.20±1.27 for acetic acid/glucose and 10.42±0.25 for acetic acid/xylose.

FALKNER-SKAN EQUATION FOR FLOW PAST A MOVING WEDGE WITH SUCTION OR INJECTION

Ishak, Anuar,Nazar, Roslinda,Pop, Ioan 한국전산응용수학회 2007 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.25 No.1

The characteristics of steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid past a moving wedge with suction or injection are theoretically investigated. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. The effects of Falkner-Skan power-law parameter (m), suction/injection parameter ($f_0$) and the ratio of free stream velocity to boundary velocity parameter (${\lambda}$) are discussed in detail. The numerical results for velocity distribution and skin friction coefficient are given for several values of these parameters. Comparisons with the existing results obtained by other researchers under certain conditions are made. The critical values of $f_0$, m and ${\lambda}$ are obtained numerically and their significance on the skin friction and velocity profiles is discussed. The numerical evidence would seem to indicate the onset of reverse flow as it has been found by Riley and Weidman in 1989 for the Falkner-Skan equation for flow past an impermeable stretching boundary.

Adiabatic Logic versus CMOS for Low Power Applications

Nazrul Anuar,Yasuhiro Takahashi,Toshikazu Sekine 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

This paper presents a new quasi adiabatic logic family that uses a pair of complementary split-level sinusoidal power supply clocks for digital low power applications such as sensors. The proposed two phase clocked adiabatic static CMOS logic (2PASCL) circuit utilizes the principle of adiabatic switching and energy recovery. By removing the diode at the charging path, higher output amplitude is achieved and the power consumption of the diode is eliminated. We design and simulate NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR logic gates based on 2PASCL with SPICE implemented using 0.18 ㎛ CMOS technology. A driving pulse with the height equal to Vdd is supplied to the gates. From the simulation results, 2PASCL inverter logic can save up to 97% of energy dissipation compared with static CMOS logic at transition frequencies of 10 to 100 ㎒. It also shows the lowest in energy dissipation compared with other proposed simple adiabatic logic inverters.

Two Phase Clocked Adiabatic Static CMOS Logic and its Logic Family

Nazrul Anuar,Yasuhiro Takahashi,Toshikazu Sekine 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.1

This paper proposes a two-phase clocked adiabatic static CMOS logic (2PASCL) circuit that utilizes the principles of adiabatic switching and energy recovery. The low-power 2PASCL circuit uses two complementary split-level sinusoidal power supply clocks whose height is equal to Vdd. It can be directly derived from static CMOS circuits. By removing the diode from the charging path, higher output amplitude is achieved and the power consumption of the diode is eliminated. 2PASCL has switching activity that is lower than dynamic logic. We also design and simulate NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR logic gates on the basis of the 2PASCL topology. From the simulation results, we find that 2PASCL 4-inverter chain logic can save up to 79% of dissipated energy as compared to that with a static CMOS logic at transition frequencies of 1 to 100 ㎒. The results indicate that 2PASCL technology can be advantageously applied to low power digital devices operated at low frequencies, such as radio-frequency identifications (RFIDs), smart cards, and sensors.

Methods of imparting mosquito repellent agents and the assessing mosquito repellency on textile

Aufa Adeela Anuar,Nurain Yusof 한국의류학회 2016 Fashion and Textiles Vol.3 No.1

This review intends to analyze the distinctive fabric utilized for mosquito repellent studies and forms of treatment mosquito agents on the fabrics. Textile treated with mosquito repellent is a revolutionary innovation to protect human from the bites of mosquito borne disease such as Dengue. This peculiarity was produced as needed in feeling of assurance from mosquitoes in the regions which are territories of the mosquitoes and inclined to disease. To impart this feature, the fabrics are given a treatment of mosquito repellent agent which capable of being utilized and without ruining their characteristics. The utilization of anti-agents to dress and different fabrics is best contrasted with skin application in light of the fact that it lessens the probability of unfavorably susceptible responses. This paper described the textile materials selection, methods of imparting the repellent into the fabrics, types of repellent as well as the repellency test of treated fabrics. The assessments used in the treated textile are summarized and conditions of the assessment of repellency relative to this discussion are presented.

Development and Evaluation of a Multicultural Counseling Competencies (MCC) Training Module for Trainee Counselors

Azad Athahiri Anuar,Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin 한국상담학회 2016 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.6 No.1

The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a multicultural counseling competencies (MCC) training module for trainee counselors in Malaysia. The module encompassed five sub-modules and 11 activities developed along the concepts and components of the MCC matrix model developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis (1992). The design method used in this study involved an experimental design approach involving pre-test and post-test. The instruments used to determine the MCC of trainee counselors was the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Surveysign approach involving pre-test and post-test.Asay, and D and ). (2003). The study sample comprised 60 trainee counselors from three local universities. Independent t-tests were conducted to identify the differences in MCC of trainee counselor awareness, knowledge, and skills between the treatment and control groups. In the pre-test, the trainee counselors in the treatment and control group had similar levels of MCC, while the post-test showed an increase in MCC levels of trainee counselors in the treatment group. These findings proved that the MCC training module had an impact on MCC. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Sustainable anaerobic digestion of euphorbiaceae waste for biogas production: Effects of feedstock variation

Kamaruddin, Mohamad Anuar,Ismail, Norli,Fauzi, Noor Fadhilah,Alrozi, Rasyidah,Hanif, Mohamad Haziq,Norashiddin, Faris Aiman Techno-Press 2021 Advances in environmental research Vol.10 No.1

Anaerobic digestion (AD) refers to the biological process which can convert organic substrates to biogas in the absence of oxygen. The aim of this study was to determine the capability of feedstock to produce biogas and to quantify the biogas yield from different feedstocks. A co-digestion approach was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor operated under mesophilic conditions and at a constant organic loading rate of 0.0756 g COD/ L.day, with a hydraulic retention time of 25 days. For comparison, mono-digestion was also included in the experimental work. 2 L working volumes were used throughout the experimental work. The seed culture was obtained from composting as substrate digestion. When the feedstock was added to seeding, the biogas started to emit after three days of retention time. The highest volume of biogas was observed when the seeding volume used for 1000mL. However, the lowest volume of biogas yield was obtained from both co-digestion reactors, with a value of 340 mL. For methane yield, the highest methane production rate was 0.16 L CH4/mg. The COD with yield was at 8.6% and the lowest was at 0.5%. The highest quantity of methane was obtained from a reactor of Euphorbiaceae peel with added seeding, while the lowest methane yield came from a reactor of Euphorbiaceae stems with added seeding. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used as a buffering solution to correct the pH in the reactor if the reactor condition was found to be in a souring or acidic condition.