Remembering Disasters : the Resilience Approach

Antoine le Blanc 한국미술이론학회 2012 미술이론과 현장 Vol.14 No.-

The aim of this paper is to show how the paradigm of disaster resilience may help reorienting urban planning policies in order to mitigate various types of risks, thanks to carefully thought action on heritage and conservation practices. Resilience is defined as the “capacity of a social system to proactively adapt to and recover from disturbances that are perceived within the system to fall outside the range of normal and expected disturbances.”1 It relies greatly on risk perception2 and the memory of catastrophes. States, regions, municipalities, have been giving territorial materiality to collective memory for centuries,3 but this trend has considerably increased in the second half of the 20th century.4 This is particularly true regarding the memory of disasters: for example, important traces of catastrophes such as urban ruins have been preserved, because they were supposed to maintain some awareness and hence foster urban resilience – Berlin’s Gedächtniskirche is a well-known example of this policy.5 Yet, in spite of preserved traces of catastrophes and various warnings and heritage policies, there are countless examples of risk mismanagement and urban tragedies. Using resilience as a guiding concept might change the results of these failed risk mitigation policies and irrelevant disaster memory processes. Indeed, the concept of resilience deals with the complexity of temporal and spatial scales, and with partly emotional and qualitative processes, so that this approach fits the issues of urban memory management. Resilience might help underlining the complexity and the subtlety of remembrance messages, and lead to alternative paths better adapted to the diversity of risks, places and actors. However, when it is given territorial materiality, memory is almost always symbolically and politically framed and interpreted; Vale and Campanella had already outlined this political aspect of remembrance and resilience as a discourse.6 Resilience and the territorialization of memory are not ideologically neutral, but urban risk mitigation may come at that price.

논리학과 가능 세계: 언어학적 적용

( Antoine Blais ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2020 프랑스어문교육 Vol.69 No.-

논리 의미론에서 언어 발화체는 발화체의 진리조건을 파악하지 않고는 이해될 수 없다고 여긴다. 발화체를 이해하는 것은 즉 발화체를 참으로 만들어 주는 조건을 파악하는 것이다. 논리학의 핵심인 진리의 개념에 근거하여 의미를 분석하는 것은 많은 수의 발화체를 다루기에 용이한 방법이다. 실상 해석 의미론이나 지향적 의미론과 같은 많은 의미 연구 분야에서 논리를 표상과 분석 도구로 사용한다. 그럼에도 논리 의미론은 어느 정도 제약을 받으며 발화체를 적절하게 다루지 못한다. 발화체의 진리조건을 모르거나 발화체의 진리가 현실(actuel) 세계에 타당한 것이 아니어서 그러하다. 본고에서는 야코 힌티카(Jaakko Hintikka)와 솔 크립키(Saul Kripke)의 가능(possible) 세계에 대한 생각을 소개하고 논리 의미론이 좀처럼 잘 다루지 않는 발화체의 몇몇 부류들에서 이들의 기여를 알아보고자 한다. 우리는 실현되지 않은 몇몇 발화체를 가능 세계의 의미론 틀에서 설명되는 발화체를 형식 언어로 표상하여 분석할 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 간략하게 가능세계와 진리의 상관성이나 다른 가능 세계를 통해 동일한 개인이 지속됨과 같이 의미론에서 마주할 수 있는 몇몇 난제들을 논해보고자 한다. La sémantique logique considère que la compréhension d'un énoncé linguistique ne peut se produire sans la saisie des conditions de vérité de l'énoncé. Comprendre un énoncé, c'est donc connaître les conditions rendant l'énoncé vrai. Toutefois et comme nous le montrerons dans cet article, la sémantique logique dispose de certaines limites et elle ne peut traiter convenablement les énoncés dont la vérité n'est pas valable dans le monde actuel. Pour cela, nous présenterons dans ce travail l'intérêt et l'apport de la sémantique des mondes possibles dans l'étude de certaines catégories d'énoncés que la sémantique logique traite difficilement. Nous proposerons une analyse de certains énoncés contrefactuels à l'aide d'un formalisme permettant de représenter formellement les énoncés interprétés dans les cadres d'une sémantique des mondes possibles. Enfin, notre étude permettra aussi d'aborder brièvement certaines difficultés sémantiques comme la relativité de la vérité à un monde possible, ou la persistance d'un même individu à travers différents mondes possibles.

Can Nutrition Help in the Treatment of Infertility?

Antoine Aoun,Veronique El Khoury,Roubina Malakieh 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.26 No.2

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse or six months for women aged 35 years or older. The physical, emotional, psychological, and financial statuses of infertile couples are tremendously affected especially after undergoing diagnostic and/or curative treatments. Human fertility is influenced by multiple factors including female or male, and modifiable or non-modifiable factors. There is growing evidence that nutrition may play an important role in adjusting fertility-related outcomes in both men and women. The objective of our study was to summarize the latest data on nutritional factors (specific food groups, nutrients, and nutritional supplements) that have an impact on female or male sexual and reproductive function. PubMed and Google Scholar platforms were used to collect appropriate articles for the review using several combinations of keywords (infertility, diet, dietary supplements, antioxidants, and beverages). Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern favoring fish, poultry, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, was related to better fertility in both genders. Despite the multifactorial etiology of sexual infertility, nutrition may affect the sexual/reproductive function in both women and men.

Measuring Trade Integration in Africa

Antoine Bouët,Lionel Cosnard,David Laborde 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.4

This paper reviews the literature on the measurement and characterization of trade integration in Africa. We offer the complete evaluation of available indicators and methodologies. The indicators include those that have recently emerged from network analysis including indicators of trade in value-added commodities. It is concluded that Africa is characterized by weak trade integration, particularly with the rest of the world. This is naturally explained by high trading costs that are evaluated by tariffs, non-tariff measures, and other trade costs, such as those related to border and documentary compliance. The region’s small number of trading partners and low product diversification are also noticeable. However, the use of more refined indicators shows that intra-African trade is relatively high when compared with trade with other continents, contrary to what can be concluded from some simple trade share indicators.

Facing and Loosening the Grip of Sino-US Rivalry: Similarities in Approaches and Potential for Cooperation between Europe and South Korea

Antoine Bondaz 통일연구원 2021 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.30 No.1

The Sino-American rivalry, born of the end of the Cold War, is multidimensional, systemic and global. While their respective strategies may differ slightly, Koreans and Europeans share the assessment that it is having an increasing impact on their interests, but also the need not to let themselves be locked in that rivalry. A debate on the need for strategic autonomy is taking shape, and it cannot be dissociated from the need to rely even more on multilateralism. However, the potential of both Seoul-Brussels cooperation and Europe's contribution to the Korean Peninsula is often under-estimated and under-exploited. In order to loosen the grip and mitigate the impact of the Sino-American rivalry, a rapprochement between Europeans and Koreans is inevitable as it is mutually beneficial. Against the backdrop of increasing Sino-US tensions, this article aims to present some concrete examples of potential cooperation between South Korea, the European Union and its member states.

Hippo Signal Transduction Mechanisms in T Cell Immunity

Antoine Bouchard,Mariko Witalis,Jinsam Chang,Vincent Panneton,Joanna Li,Yasser Bouklouch,Woong-Kyung Suh 대한면역학회 2020 Immune Network Vol.20 No.5

Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved signal transduction mechanisms mainly involved in organ size control, tissue regeneration, and tumor suppression. However, in mammals, the primary role of Hippo signaling seems to be regulation of immunity. As such, humans with null mutations in STK4 (mammalian homologue of Drosophila Hippo; also known as MST1) suffer from recurrent infections and autoimmune symptoms. Although dysregulated T cell homeostasis and functions have been identified in MST1-deficient human patients and mouse models, detailed cellular and molecular bases of the immune dysfunction remain to be elucidated. Although the canonical Hippo signaling pathway involves transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ motif (TAZ), the major Hippo downstream signaling pathways in T cells are YAP/TAZ-independent and they widely differ between T cell subsets. Here we will review Hippo signaling mechanisms in T cell immunity and describe their implications for immune defects found in MST1-deficient patients and animals. Further, we propose that mutual inhibition of Mst and Akt kinases and their opposing roles on the stability and function of forkhead box O and β-catenin may explain various immune defects discovered in mutant mice lacking Hippo signaling components. Understanding these diverse Hippo signaling pathways and their interplay with other evolutionarily-conserved signaling components in T cells may uncover molecular targets relevant to vaccination, autoimmune diseases, and cancer immunotherapies.

신소재 철근콘크리트보의 비선형 휨 모델링

Antoine E. Naaman,김민경,이차돈 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1998 環境科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

Recently, application of composite materials such as fiber reinforced concretes(FRC) and fiber reinforced plastics(FRP) in conjunction with conventional structural components have been of the main research areas. A proper use of advanced composite materials requires understanding their resistance mechanism and failure mode when they are applied to structures or their components, This can be achieved either experimentally or analytically. In modeling , due consideration must be given to the different constitutive behaviors of composite beams, various possible combinations of placement of composite materials, and reasonable reproduction of overall behavior of composite structures. The analytical model is developed in order to predict the nonlinear flexural responses of various beams including boned and unbonded prestressed concrete beams which contain advanced composite materials either in matrices or in reinforcing bars. The block concept is developed, which can be regarded as an intermediate modeling method between the couple method with one block and the layered method with multiple sliced layers in a section. The concept is adopted for its effectiveness in considering cementitious composite matrices cast in part as blocks in a beam section. In order ot find a particular deflection point of a beam under load, solutions to the 2N-variables(top and bottom strains at each section along beam axis having N sections for analysis) are found numerically by using approximate N-force equilibrium equations and N-moment equilibrium equations. The model can successfully predict the flexural behavior of variously reinforced concrete beams with composite materials as well as strengthened beam with FRP sheets at their soffit.

Numerical analysis of heat-curved I-girders

Antoine Gergess,Rajan Sen 한국CDE학회 2017 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.4 No.4

Heat curving is a practical and economical process used by steel fabricators for curving structural steel. In this method, the flange edges of a fabricated straight girder are asymmetrically heated to induce residual curvature on cooling. Available analytical methods for predicting the resulting residual stress, strain and curvature are complex and iterative because of the need to account for material and geometric nonlinearity. This paper presents a single-step, non-iterative, numerical procedure for determining the effects of heat-curving on residual stress and strain based on a previously developed simplified analysis. Thermal equilibrium equations for idealized heating profiles are first recast in a general parametric form and then solved numerically for standard heating width and temperature using modern technical computing. The resulting solutions are expressed as polynomial functions to allow the solution space for the residual curvature to be graphically represented. Curvature predictions using this simplified approach are shown to be within 11% of measured values and within 5% of values obtained using more rigorous numerical methods.

The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Obesity in Adults and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for Weight Loss

Antoine Aoun,Fatima Darwish,Natacha Hamod 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.25 No.2

The link between the gut microbiome and obesity is not well defined. Understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in weight and health management may lead to future revolutionary changes for treating obesity. This review examined the relationship between obesity and the gut microbiome, and the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for preventing and treating obesity. We used PubMed and Google Scholar to collect appropriate articles for the review. We showed that the gut microbiome has an impact on nutrient metabolism and energy expenditure. Moreover, different modalities of obesity treatment have been shown to change the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome; this raises questions about the role these changes may play in weight loss. In addition, studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may alter the secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammatory factors, thus preventing food intake triggers that lead to weight gain. Further clinical studies are needed to better understand how different species of bacteria in the gut microbiome may affect weight gain, and to determine the most appropriate doses, compositions, and regimens of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementation for long-term weight control.

언어에서의 존재 술어 표현에 대한 고찰

( Antoine Blais ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2016 프랑스어문교육 Vol.52 No.-

철학에서 존재에 관한 고찰의 역사는 고대(파르메니데스, 헤라클레이토스...)까지 거슬러 올라간다. 반면 언어학에서 존재에 대한 표현방식 연구는 비교적 최근에 이르러서야 이루어지고 있으며, 그 기원을 언어학에서가 아닌 논리학에서 찾고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본고에서는 우선 존재에 대한 주요 논리-문법 연구를 상기해보고자 한다. 존재가 프랑스어 동사 ‘exister’와 같이 일반적으로 양화 혹은 특정한 술어 기능에 따라 표현되는 것으로 여겨지고 있음을 확인해볼 것이다. 또한 언어에 존재 술어가 있다는 가정하에 그 술어들을 특징짓고, 특히 인속 개체(entité endurante)와 편속 개체(entité perdurante)라는 존재론적 개념에 대해 알아보도록 하겠다. 이와 더불어 프랑스어에서 나타나는 일련의 존재 술어들에 대한 분석을 통해, 특별한 성격을 띠는 개체(사건, 신체 관련어 등)가 자신의 존재를 표현하고자 할 때에는 각각에 상응하는 존재 술어가 제시될 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 더 나아가 동사 ‘être’가 계사로 기능하는 특수한 사례를 다루면서 그것이 진정한 존재 술어로 여겨질 수 있는지에 대해 알아보도록 하겠다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 앞으로 어떻게 지속적으로 이루어질 수 있을지 그 전망에 대해 논의할 것이다.