Investigations of Pet Ether Extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (L.) Swartz Leaves Extract on Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antipyretic Properties

AnilKumar,V.Nirmala,P.Muthusamy 한국생약학회 2003 Natural Product Sciences Vol.9 No.4

Extraction of hexavalent chromium by environmentally benign green emulsion liquid membrane using tridodecyamine as an extractant

Anil Kumar,Avinash Thakur,Parmjit Singh Panesar 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.70 No.-

In this present investigation, the potentiality of rice bran oil (RBO) and tridodecylamine (TDDA) to be incorporated as the key constituents in the formulation of new environmentally benign green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) to extract hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous feed phase was explored. The pertinent constituents of GELM were RBO (70%, v/v) and hexane (30%, v/v) as green and organic diluent, respectively; TDDA (0.75 (%, v/v) of diluent solution) as carrier; emulsifying agent (span 80: 1.75 (%v/v) of diluent solution); and NaOH as internal reagent. The investigation of optimum process conditions for various parameters has resulted in 0.45 pH of aqueous solution, 0.25 [M] internal phase concentration, 2:1 (v/v) treat ratio, 0.40 (v/v) phase ratio, 550 (rpm) agitation speed, 25 (min) extraction time, and 30 ± 2 (°C) feed phase temperature. The highest achievable extraction efficiency (η, %) and dynamic stability (min) of GELM have been obtained as 97 ± 2% and 150 ± 2 min, respectively under these optimum process conditions. The present finding has revealed that RBO as a green diluent has huge capability to be further utilized for the extraction of Cr (VI) from various industrial effluent streams.

Identification of Biomarker for Determining Genotypic Potential of Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency and Optimization of the Nitrogen Inputs in Crop Plants

Anil Kumar,Nidhi Gupta,Atul Kumar Gupta,Vikram Singh Gaur 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.4

Worldwide, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for crop plants is of great concern. The burgeoning world population needs crop genotypes that respond to higher nitrogen and show a direct relationship to yield with use of nitrogen inputs, i.e. high nitrogenresponsive genotypes. However, for fulfilling the high global demand of organic produce, it requires the low nitrogen responsive genotypes with greater NUE and grain yields. The lack of knowledge about precise regulatory mechanisms to explain NUE in crop plants hampers the goal of agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular basis of NUE will enable to provide handle for crop improvement through biotechnological means. With the advent of modern genomics and proteomics approaches such as subtractive hybridization, differential display, and microarray techniques are revolutionizing to identify the candidate genes which play a pivotal role in the regulation of NUE. Beside it, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology is also being used to establish marker-trait association for NUE. The identification of potential candidate genes/proteins in the regulation of NUE will serve as biomarker(s) for screening genotypes for their nitrogen responsiveness for optimization of nitrogen input in agriculture. This paper describes the molecular basis of NUE with respect to nitrogen metabolism and its intimate relationship with carbon metabolism, use of molecular-physiological-genetics approaches for understanding the role of various genes/proteins, and their validation to use as biomarker(s) for determining genotypic potential for NUE. Since NUE in plants is a complex trait which not only involves the primary process of nitrogen uptake and assimilatory pathways but also a series of events, including metabolite partitioning, secondary remobilization, C-N interactions, as well as molecular signalling pathways and regulatory control outside the metabolic cascades. Therefore, identification of novel nitrogen responsive genes and their cis- and trans-acting gene elements is essential. Thus, fishing out a single gene, biomarker or a master regulator controlling complex trait of NUE could serve as an appropriate strategy for nitrogen management in agriculture. Worldwide, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for crop plants is of great concern. The burgeoning world population needs crop genotypes that respond to higher nitrogen and show a direct relationship to yield with use of nitrogen inputs, i.e. high nitrogenresponsive genotypes. However, for fulfilling the high global demand of organic produce, it requires the low nitrogen responsive genotypes with greater NUE and grain yields. The lack of knowledge about precise regulatory mechanisms to explain NUE in crop plants hampers the goal of agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular basis of NUE will enable to provide handle for crop improvement through biotechnological means. With the advent of modern genomics and proteomics approaches such as subtractive hybridization, differential display, and microarray techniques are revolutionizing to identify the candidate genes which play a pivotal role in the regulation of NUE. Beside it, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology is also being used to establish marker-trait association for NUE. The identification of potential candidate genes/proteins in the regulation of NUE will serve as biomarker(s) for screening genotypes for their nitrogen responsiveness for optimization of nitrogen input in agriculture. This paper describes the molecular basis of NUE with respect to nitrogen metabolism and its intimate relationship with carbon metabolism, use of molecular-physiological-genetics approaches for understanding the role of various genes/proteins, and their validation to use as biomarker(s) for determining genotypic potential for NUE. Since NUE in plants is a complex trait which not only involves the primary process of nitrogen uptake and assimilatory pathways but also a series of events, including metabolite partitioning, secondary remobilization, C-N interactions, as well as molecular signalling pathways and regulatory control outside the metabolic cascades. Therefore, identification of novel nitrogen responsive genes and their cis- and trans-acting gene elements is essential. Thus, fishing out a single gene, biomarker or a master regulator controlling complex trait of NUE could serve as an appropriate strategy for nitrogen management in agriculture.

Quercetin Protects Against Acute Immobilization Stress-Induced Behaviors and Biochemical Alterations in Mice

Anil Kumar,Richa Goyal 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.3

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the alterations of various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric problems. Antioxidative flavonoids, ubiquitously included in vegetables, fruits, and teas, are expected to prevent degenerative diseases. Recently, flavonoids have been characterized as neuroprotectants in the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present study was designed to investigate protective effects of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, against acute immobilization-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. Mice were immobilized for a period of 6 hours. Quercetin (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 minutes before subjecting the animals to acute stress. Behavioral tests (mirror chamber, actophotometer, and tail flick test) and biochemical analysis (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitrite, and protein levels) were subsequently performed. Acute immobilization stress for a period of 6 hours caused severe anxiety, analgesia, and impaired motor activity in mice. Biochemical analyses revealed an increase in malondialdehyde and nitrite levels as well as partial depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in immobilization-stressed brain. Behavioral and biochemical parameters were significantly altered as compared to naive mice. Pretreatment with quercetin (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reversed immobilized stress-induced anxiety and analgesia and reduced locomotor activity. Biochemically, quercetin treatment attenuated malondialdehyde accumulation and nitrite activity and restored the depleted reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Neuroprotective effects of quercetin were significantly improved as compared to control (immobilized stressed) animals. Results suggest that neuroprotective properties of quercetin can be used in the treatment and management of stress and related disorders.

Effect of Curcumin on Intracerebroventricular Colchicine-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Anil Kumar,P.S. Naidu,N. Seghal,S.S.V. Padi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.3

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin against colchicine-induced cognitiveimpairment and oxidative stress in rats. Male Wistar rats (weighing 150200 g) received colchicine intracerebroventricularly(15 .g per rat), and cognitive dysfunctions were evaluated by the Morris water maze and the plus maze performance task andsupported by biochemical tests. Central administration of colchicine caused memory deficit in both the Morris water mazeand the elevated plus maze task paradigm tasks. Chronic treatment with curcumin (550 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for a periodof 25 days beginning 4 days prior to colchicine injection significantly improved the colchicine-induced cognitive impairment.Biochemically, chronic administration of curcumin significantly reduced the elevated lipid peroxidation, restored the decreasedreduced glutathione level and acetylcholinesterase activity, and attenuated the raised colchicine-induced elevated nitrite lev-els. The results of the present study indicate that curcumin has a protective role against colchicine-induced cognitive impair-ment and associated oxidative stress.

Protective Effect of Naringin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Against Colchicine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Rats

Anil Kumar,Samrita Dogra,Atish Prakash 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. Central administration of colchicine is well known to cause cognitive impairment and oxidative damage, which simulates sporadic dementia of the Alzheimer type in humans. The present study has been designed to investigate the protective effects of naringin against the colchicine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in rats. Colchicine (15μg/5μL), administered intracerebroventricularly, resulted in poor memory retention in both the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze task paradigms and caused marked oxidative damage. It also caused a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. Naringin (40 and 80mg/kg, p.o.) treatment was given daily for a period of 25 days beginning 4 days prior to colchicine administration. Chronic treatment with naringin caused significant improvement in the cognitive performance and attenuated oxidative damage, as evidenced by lowering of malondialdehyde level and nitrite concentration and restoration of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and reduced glutathione levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity compared to control. The present study highlights the therapeutic potential of naringin against colchicine-induced cognitive impairment and associated oxidative damage.

Thermodynamic analysis of a novel compact power generation and waste heat operated absorption, ejector-jet pump refrigeration cycle

ANIL KUMAR,RAJ KUMAR 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.9

An R-152a ejector-jet pump refrigeration cycle and a LiBr-H2O absorption refrigeration cycle have been integrated with a renewableenergy power generator for making a proposed ‘novel compact cogeneration cycle’. The exergy analysis of this proposed cycle leads to apossible performance improvement. Nearly 71.12% of the input exergy is destructed due to irreversibilities in the different components. The useful exergy output is around 7.12%. The exhaust exergy lost to the environment is 21.76%, which is lower than the exhaust energylost 37.6% of the input energy, while the useful energy output is approximately 19.3%. The refrigerants used and the exhaust gas emissionssamples are found to be favourable for reducing the global environmental related problems. The results also show that the couplingof the entrainment ratios of the ejector and jet pump has great effect on the exergy and energy efficiency.

Role of Single Port Rigid Thoracoscopy in Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Anil Kumar,Jagdish Rawat,Parul Mrigpuri,Dev Singh Jangpangi,Abhay Pratap Singh,Ritisha Bhatt 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.2

Background: In recent years, medical thoracoscopy has been well established to playan important role in undiagnosed pleural effusion; however, this procedure is underutilizeddue to limited availability of the instruments it requires. This study analysed the outcomeof single port rigid thoracoscopy in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions. Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the outcomes of all patients with undiagnosedpleural effusion presenting to our centre between 2016 to 2020 who underwentsingle port rigid medical thoracoscopy as a diagnostic procedure. Results: In total, 92 patients underwent single port rigid medical thoracoscopy. Themost common presenting symptom was shortness of breath. A majority of the patientshad lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion. The average biopsy sample size was 18mm, and no major complication was reported in any of the patients. Conclusion: Single port rigid thoracoscopy is a safe and well-tolerated procedure thatyields a biopsy of a larger size with high diagnostic yield. Moreover, the low cost of theinstruments required by this procedure makes it particularly suited for use in developingcountries.

Blast Fragility and Sensitivity Analyses of Steel Moment Frames with Plan Irregularities

Anil Kumar,Vasant Matsagar 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.5

Fragility functions are determined for braced steel moment frames (SMFs) with plans such as square-, T-, L-, U-, trapezoidal-, and semicircular-shaped, subjected to blast. The frames are designed for gravity and seismic loads, but not necessarily for the blast loads. The blast load is computed for a wide range of scenarios involving diff erent parameters, viz. charge weight, standoff distance, and blast location relative to plan of the structure followed by nonlinear dynamic analysis of the frames. The members failing in rotation lead to partial collapse due to plastic mechanism formation. The probabilities of partial collapse of the SMFs, with and without bracing system, due to the blast loading are computed to plot fragility curves. The charge weight and standoff distance are taken as Gaussian random input variables. The extent of propagation of the uncertainties in the input parameters onto the response quantities and fragility of the SMFs is assessed by computing Sobol sensitivity indices. The probabilistic analysis is conducted using Monte Carlo simulations. The frames have least failure probability for blasts occurring in front of their corners or convex face. Further, the unbraced frames are observed to have higher fragility as compared to counterpart braced frames for far-off detonations.

ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Anilkumar Mailvaganam 국제과학영재학회 2013 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.5 No.-

This paper covers what an energy efficient built environment is and its relative importance. A study on energy efficient built environments can be usually divided into four parts, namely, Architecture, Engineering, Community and Economy and Alternative Energy. In an energy efficient built environment one can preserve the earth's resources by efficient utilization of alternative energy. Moreover, sustainability is about people, so this paper is also concerned with the active role man plays in a built environment.