BRD7 Promoter Hypermethylation as an Indicator of Well Differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Balasubramanian, Anandh,Subramaniam, Ramkumar,Narayanan, Vivek,Annamalai, Thangavelu,Ramanathan, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Background: Promoter hypermethylation mediated gene silencing of tumor suppressor genes is considered as most frequent mechanism than genetic aberrations such as mutations in the development of cancers. BRD7 is a single bromodomain containing protein that functions as a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex to regulate transcription. It also interacts with the well know tumor suppressor protein p53 to trans-activate genes involved in cell cycle arrest. Loss of expression of BRD7 has been observed in breast cancers and nasopharyngeal carcinomas due to promoter hypermethylation. However, the genetic status of BRD7 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) is not known, although OSCC is one of the most common among all reported cancers in the Indian population. Hence, in the present study we investigated OSCC samples to determine the occurrence of hypermethylation in the promoter region of BRD7 and understand its prevalence. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA extracted from biopsy tissues of twenty three oral squamous cell carcinomas were digested with methylation sensitive HpaII type2 restriction enzyme that recognizes and cuts unmethylated CCGG motifs. The digested DNA samples were amplified with primers flanking the CCGG motifs in promoter region of BRD7 gene. The PCR amplified products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis along with undigested amplification control. Results: Methylation sensitive enzyme technique identified methylation of BRD7 promoter region seventeen out of twenty three (74%) well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. Conclusions: The identification of BRD7 promoter hypermethylation in 74% of well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas indicates that the methylation dependent silencing of BRD7 gene is a frequent event in carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the occurrence of BRD7and its high prevalence in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

A Comparative Analysis of the Bay of Bengal Ocean State Using Standalone and Coupled Numerical Models

T. S Anandh,Bijan Kumar Das,J. Kuttippurath,Arun Chakraborty 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.2

This study evaluates the impact of coupled model in simulating the ocean state conditions of Bay of Bengal by comparing standalone and coupled numerical model simulations. The oceanic model is the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) and the coupled model comprises of ROMS and Weather Research and Forecast modelling system to simulate the oceanic and atmospheric state of the bay. The coupled model is initialized with atmospheric data from Global Data Assimilation System and oceanic data from Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO). The standalone model is initiated with ECCO data and forced by European Centre for Medium RangeWeather Forecasts. The simulations are set with a resolution of 12 km in the ocean and 15 km in the atmosphere for the period 2008–2014, and are compared to reanalysis and measurements. The models are compared for their ability to simulate the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea level, heat flux, sea level pressure and currents in BOB. With the exchange of atmospheric fluxes and sea surface temperature, the coupled model better captured ocean state representations than the standalone model and, matches well with that of the observations. The simulated temperature shows a warm bias in both simulations at 100–150 m depth. The models are able to simulate the seasonal reversal of boundary currents and associated eddies, and variations in heat fluxes over the ocean. The coupled model provides a better simulation of the ocean state and air–sea interaction which can further be used for climate studies over the bay.

Modeling the Growth of Neurology Literature

Hadagali, Gururaj S.,Anandhalli, Gavisiddappa Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2015 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.3 No.3

The word ‘growth’ represents an increase in actual size, implying a change of state. In science and technology, growth may imply an increase in number of institutions, scientists, or publications, etc. The present study demonstrates the growth of neurology literature for the period 1961-2010. A total of 291,702 records were extracted from the Science Direct Database for fifty years. The Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Doubling Time (Dt.) of neurology literature have been calculated, supplementing with different growth patterns to check whether neurology literature fits exponential, linear, or logistic models. The results of the study indicate that the growth of literature in neurology does not follow the linear, or logistic growth model. However, it follows closely the exponential growth model. The study concludes that there has been a consistent trend towards increased growth of literature in the field of neurology.

An Approach to Differentiate Alzheimer’s Conditions using MR Image–based Zernike Moments and Fractal Features

Ravi Dadsena,Rohini Palanisamy,Anandh Kilpattu Ramaniharan,Ramakrishnan Swaminathan 대한전자공학회 2018 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.7 No.3

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects a large population. The early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can help to diagnose AD and assist in further treatment strategies. The morphological alterations of lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum are considered a significant imaging biomarker for the early diagnosis of MCI and AD. Shape-based features provide distinct morphological variations of brain structures during disease progression. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the variations of lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum using Zernike moments and fractal box count features. These shape features help to classify the morphological structure of lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum as control, MCI, and AD. The proposed method can quantify the shape variations using Zernike moments and fractal box count features. Here, Zernike moments and fractal box count measures show differences in mean values for control, MCI, and AD subjects with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Performance is analyzed using multilayer perceptron, K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and linear support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Linear SVM provides better differentiation for controls vs. MCI and controls vs. AD on the order of 93% and 98%, respectively. Results show that the classification of shape descriptors performs better with respect to accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity measures. Therefore, this study is clinically important for the early diagnosis of AD.

A Novel Mutation in the DNA Binding Domain of NFKB is Associated with Speckled Leukoplakia

Govindarajan, Giri Valanthan Veda,Bhanumurthy, Lokesh,Balasubramanian, Anandh,Ramanathan, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Activation and inactivation of nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB) is tightly regulated to ensure effective onset and cessation of defensive inflammatory signaling. However, mutations within NFKB, or change in activation and inactivation molecules have been reported in a few cancers. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in India, with a development associated with malignant transformation of precancerous lesions, the genetic status of NFKB and relative rates of change in oral precancerous lesions remain unknown. Hence in the present study we investigated all twenty four exons of NFKB gene in two precancerous lesions, namely oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) to understand its occurrence, incidence and assess its possible contribution to malignant transformation. Materials and Methods: Chromosomal DNA isolated from twenty five each of OSMF and OL tissue biopsy samples were subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking twenty four exons of the NFKB gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status. Results: Sequence analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation, c.419T>A causing substitution of leucine with glutamine at codon 140 (L140Q) in an OL sample. Conclusions: The identification of a substitution mutation L140Q within the DNA binding domain of NFKB in OL suggests that NFKB mutation may be relatively an early event during transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have identified a missense mutation in NFKB in OL.

Dietary Supplementation of Chinese Ginseng Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Xiaoxiao Li,Jing Luo,Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu,Wei Zhang,Elizabeth Gilbert,Mark Cline,Ryan McMillan,Matthew Hulver,Hana Alkhalidy,Wei Zhen,Haiyan Zhang,Dongmin Liu 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.12

Obesity and diabetes are growing health problems worldwide. In this study, dietary provision of Chinese ginseng (0.5 g/kg diet) prevented body weight gain in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Dietary ginseng supplementation reduced body fat mass gain, improved glucose tolerance and whole body insulin sensitivity, and prevented hypertension in HF dietinduced obese mice. Ginseng consumption led to reduced concentrations of plasma insulin and leptin, but had no effect on plasma adiponectin levels in HF diet-fed mice. Body temperature was higher in mice fed the ginseng-supplemented diet but energy expenditure, respiration rate, and locomotive activity were not significantly altered. Dietary intake of ginseng increased fatty acid oxidation in the liver but not in skeletal muscle. Expression of several transcription factors associated with adipogenesis (C/EBPa and PPARc) were decreased in the adipose tissue of HF diet-fed mice, effects that were mitigated in mice that consumed the HF diet supplemented with ginseng. Abundance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA was greater in the adipose tissue of mice that consumed the ginseng-supplemented HF diet as compared with control or un-supplemented HF diet-fed mice. Ginseng treatment had no effect on the expression of genes involved in the regulation of food intake in the hypothalamus. These data suggest that Chinese ginseng can potently prevent the development of obesity and insulin resistance in HF diet-fed mice.