Runoff estimation using modified adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Amitabha Nath,Fisokuhle Mthethwa,Goutam Saha 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.4

Rainfall-Runoff modeling plays a crucial role in various aspects of water resource management. It helps significantly in resolving the issues related to flood control, protection of agricultural lands, etc. Various Machine learning and statistical-based algorithms have been used for this purpose. These techniques resulted in outcomes with an acceptable rate of success. One of the pertinent machine learning algorithms namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been reported to be a very effective tool for the purpose. However, the computational complexity of ANFIS is a major hindrance in its application. In this paper, we resolved this problem of ANFIS by incorporating one of the evolutionary algorithms known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which was used in estimating the parameters pertaining to ANFIS. The results of the modified ANFIS were found to be satisfactory. The performance of this modified ANFIS is then compared with conventional ANFIS and another popular statistical modeling technique namely ARIMA model with respect to the forecasting of runoff. In the present investigation, it was found that proposed PSO-ANFIS performed better than ARIMA and conventional ANFIS with respect to the prediction accuracy of runoff.

Analgesic activity of a Withania somnifera extract in stressed mice

Amitabha Dey,Vikas Kumar,Shyam Sunder Chatterjee 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.31 No.4

Withania somnifera is an important Ayurvedic Rasayana herb, the roots of which are often used in traditionally known systems of medicine as tonic or for rejuvenation purposes. Effects of a single and ten daily oral doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of an analytically well standardized Withania somnifera root extract against foot shock stress triggered transient hyperthermia and hotplate test for analgesics in male mice were quantified. Body weights and basal rectal temperatures of animals were recorded on all observational days and on the 11th and 12th day of the experiment, all animals were subjected to tail suspension and pentobarbital hypnosis tests respectively. Daily dose dependent efficacy of the tested extract in stress induced hyperthermia test and in hot plate test increased with increasing number of treatment days, and its dose dependent inhibitory effect on immobility time in tail suspension were observed after its 11 daily oral doses. Daily handling and intermittent foot shock stress triggered body weight losses and elevations in basal core temperatures were almost completely prevented even by its lowest daily dose (10 mg/kg/day) tested. Repeated daily low oral doses of the Withania somnifera extract is effective in suppressing diverse stress responses, and its centrally acting analgesics and anxiolytics or antidepressants like efficacies increase with increasing numbers of treatment days. These observations reaffirm that Withania somnifera is an adaptogenic herb, and suggest that its effective therapeutic doses has to be adjusted according to the pre-existing allostatic load of patients.

Infections and immunity: associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders

Amitabha Ray,Melissa J. L. Bonorden,Rajashree Pandit,Katai J. Nkhata,Anupam Bishayee 대한병리학회 2023 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.57 No.1

About one-fourth of the global population is either overweight or obese, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. In obesity, both immune cells and adipocytes produce an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may play a significant role in disease progression. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important pathological characteristics such as involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial injury, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release have been shown to be connected with obesity and associated sequelae such as insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This pathological connection may explain the severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders. Many studies have also reported an association between type 2 diabetes and persistent viral infections. Similarly, diabetes favors the growth of various microorganisms including protozoal pathogens as well as opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, diabetes is a risk factor for a number of prion-like diseases. There is also an interesting relationship between helminths and type 2 diabetes; helminthiasis may reduce the pro-inflammatory state, but is also associated with type 2 diabetes or even neoplastic processes. Several studies have also documented altered circulating levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in obesity, which likely modifies vaccine effectiveness. Timely monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) and energy homeostasis markers (e.g., leptin) could be helpful in preventing many obesity-related diseases.

Plant volatiles as method of communication

Das, Amitabha,Lee, Sook-Hee,Hyun, Tae Kyung,Kim, Seon-Won,Kim, Jae-Yean 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1

Plants emit volatile compounds that can act as a communication method to insects, neighboring plants and pathogens. Plants respond to leaf and root damage by herbivores and pathogens by emitting these compounds. The volatile compounds can deter the herbivores or pathogens directly or indirectly by attracting their natural enemies to kill them. The simultaneous damage of plants by herbivores and pathogens can influence plant defense. The induced plant volatiles can also make neighboring plants ready for defense or induce defense in parts distant from the damaged area of the same plant. Belowground root herbivory can alter the defense response to aboveground leaf herbivory. In addition, most plants normally emit volatile compounds from their flowers that directly attract foraging mutualistic insects for nectar, which in turn perform the very important function of pollination for subsequent reproduction. The volatile compounds emitted from the floral and vegetative parts of plants belong to three main classes of compounds: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, and C6-aldehydes (green-leaf volatiles). The volatile phytohormones methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate serve as important signaling molecules for communication purposes, and interact with each other to optimize the plant defense response. Here we discuss and integrate the current knowledge on all types of communication between plants and insects, neighboring plants and pathogens that are mediated through plant volatiles.

A bioassay system for pharmacological standardization of Withania somnifera derived herbal remedies

Dey, Amitabha,Chatterjee, Shyam Sunder,Kumar, Vikas Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.1

Background: Contents of bioactive substances extractable from different parts of terrestrial plants vary enormously. Aim: To ascertain that parts of Withania somnifera other than its roots can also be used for prevention and cure of unavoidable stress triggered central hypersensitivity to pain. Material and Methods: Groups of male or female mice treated either with Withania somnifera extracts or with metformin, aspirin, imipramine, diazepam and niacin for 11 consecutive days were subjected to "foot-shock stress-induced hyperthermia" and "hot plate" tests on the 1st, 5th, 7th, and 10th days of the experiments. On the 11th day, they were subjected to tail suspension test and on 12th day pentobarbital hypnosis test. Results: Except for diazepam and imipramine, protective effects of all other tested drugs as well as of the Withania somnifera extracts against stress-induced central hypersensitivity to pain were accompanied by their preventive effects against foot-shock stress-induced body weight losses. All observed stress response suppressing effects of all test agents increased with increasing numbers of treatment days. However, mean duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep was shorter in the extracts treated groups and longer in the diazepam treated ones only. Conclusions: Reported observations reveal that pharmacological activity profile of Withania somnifera extracts in male and female mice are almost identical, and are not like those of several drugs currently often prescribed for the treatment of diabetes-associated comorbidities. Withanolides are not the only extractable bioactive constituents of Withania somnifera. The described bioassay system is well suited for pharmacological standardization of diverse types of Withania somnifera extracts.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp30 is Necessary for Homeostasis of a Set of Thermal Stress Response Functions

( Suresh Thakur ),( Amitabha Chakrabarti ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.2

Gastroprotective and digestive potential of an Ayurvedic asava–arishta preparation

Anjan Adhikari,Amitabha Dey,Satyajyoti Kanjilal,Rajarshi Biswas,Deepa Gandhi,Kamarujjaman Mondal,Bibhuti Nath Bhatt,Tapas Kumar Sur,Satyabrata Mohapatra,Avinash Narwaria,Chandra Kant Katiyar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.4

Asavas and arishtas are considered as important Ayurvedic self-fermented dosage forms which are being used widely to promote health and well-being and for management of digestive and metabolic disorders. The present investigation was carried out to study the potential of an Ayurvedic polyherbal asava–arishta preparation (ZP) in gastroprotection, intestinal motility and gastric dyspepsia in experimental rodent models. The gastroprotective effect of ZP at doses 1.5, 3 and 6 ml/ kg of body weight was studied using battery of animal models such as pyloric ligation in rats, intestinal transit time using charcoal meal test, gastric emptying and digestive stimulation action in rats. In addition, anti-spasmodic activity was studied using isolated guinea pig’s ileum. The role digestive enzymes such as pepsin, α-amylase and lipase were accessed by various enzymatic assays. A dose-dependent and statistically significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect on reducing gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index were observed in ZP treated animals as compared to the control. ZP also enhanced the mucin content of the gastric juice. Pre-treatment with ZP produced a dose-dependent effect in reducing intestinal motility, intestinal spasms and increased the gastric emptying time in rats. These observations validated the age old claims of ZP for its use as digestive tonic. Thus, results concluded that ZP is having potential to improve digestion and reduces recurrent digestive ailments.

Chemistry and pharmacology of withania somnifera: An update

Vikas Kumar,Amitabha Dey,Mallinath B. Hadimani,Tatjana Marcović,Mila Emerald 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 TANG Vol.5 No.1

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is an important Rasayana herb and widely considered as Indian ginseng in Ayurveda. In traditional system of Indian medicine, it is used as tonic to rejuvenate the body and increase longevity. In Ayurvedic preparations, various parts of the plant have been used to treat variety of ailments that affect the human health. However, dried roots of the plant are widely used for the treatment of nervous and sexual disorders. The major active chemical constituents of this plant are withanolides, which is responsible for its wide range of biological activities. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a significant amount of research has been done and efforts are ongoing to further explore other bioactive constituents, and many pharmacological studies have been carried out to describe their disease preventing mechanisms. In this chapter, we have reviewed the chemistry and pharmacological basis of W. somnifera in various human ailments.

Symbolic indicators and user perception performance in Indian industries and Public places

Rauf Iqbal,Hiren Shah,Amitabha De,Suman Mukhopadhyay 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

During the past two decades, the body of empirical research on warning design and evaluation has grown steadily. Consequently, there are now basic principles and guidelines addressing warning design and how to enhance the usability of designs by considering factors internal to the user e.g., beliefs, perceptions of risk and stress. Industrial & public safety icons need to be more recognizable due to globalisation and liberalisation of economies and due necessity to communicate message effectively and effortlessly. Many a times industrial & public safety icons are not recognized, which result in accident, injury and loss. A study was carried out to investigate the recognition rate of symbolic indicators by select industrial workforce and to evaluate whether the icons encountered in “every-day activities” met the comprehension criteria of ISO Standards. The study was conducted on 37 males and 53 females belonging to various age groups and qualification level. The study included 60 icons used in industry (n=30) and public places (n=30). A paper-based icon recognition questionnaire was prepared and used to examine icon recognition and perception performance over different groups. Each icon was given a unique code for its identification which the participant needed to search out from the codes given below the corresponding icon and fill it in their response sheet. Results show that failure rate to recognize icons used in industrial operations are much higher than the icons used in public places. Recognition rate of 50% industrial icons have been found below the recognition rate as stated in ISO standard (>67%). Results of ANOVA for industrial icons show that recognition rate varies with educational background (p<0.008), educational back ground and gender (p<0.04), gender and age group (p<0.03). But is case of public icons there were no significant difference among gender, age and educational background in comprehension of icons. Safety icons are designed to increase customer and worker safety, problems occur if the icons are failed to click human recognition. An effective symbol must be easily distinguishable compared with others. The challenge during design is to foreseeing cognition ability of the users’ across age, sex and social background. In industrial situation, workers should be exposed to training - especially when they work in environments that expose them to hazards of various kinds.

Symbolic Indicators and User Perception Performance in Indian Industries and Public Places

( Rauf Iqbal ),( Hiren Shah ),( Amitabha De ),( Suman Mukhopadhyay ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

During the past two decades, the body of empirical research on warning design and evaluation has grown steadily. Consequently, there are now basic principles and guidelines addressing warning design and how to enhance the usability of designs by considering factors internal to the user e.g., beliefs, perceptions of risk and stress. Industrial & public safety icons need to be more recognizable due to globalisation and liberalisation of economies and due necessity to communicate message effectively and effortlessly. Many a times industrial & public safety icons are not recognized, which result in accident, injury and loss. A study was carried out to investigate the recognition rate of symbolic indicators by select industrial workforce and to evaluate whether the icons encountered in every-day activities met the comprehension criteria of ISO Standards. The study was conducted on 37 males and 53 females belonging to various age groups and qualification level. The study included 60 icons used in industry (n=30) and public places (n=30). A paper-based icon recognition questionnaire was prepared and used to examine icon recognition and perception performance over different groups. Each icon was given a unique code for its identification which the participant needed to search out from the codes given below the corresponding icon and fill it in their response sheet. Results show that failure rate to recognize icons used in industrial operations are much higher than the icons used in public places.