Parthenogenetic Activation of Black Bengal Goat Oocytes

Aminul Haque,Mohammad Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan,Momena Khatun,Mohammed Shamsuddin 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In vitro maturation and activation of oocytes are primary steps towards biotechnological manipulation in embryology. The objectives of the present study were to determine the oocyte recovery rate per ovary, in vitro maturation rates of oocytes and rates of parthenogenetically activation of matured oocytes in Black Bengal goats. All visible follicles were aspirated to recover follicular fluid from individual ovaries (number of ovaries = 456). The immature cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 1289) were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 27 hours at 39℃ with 5% CO_2 in humidified air. The matured oocytes (n =248) were activated with 5 μM ionomycin for 5 minutes followed by treatment with 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) for 4 hours. After activation, oocytes were cultured for another 14 hours in TCM-199 supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 39℃ with 5% CO_2 in humidified air. The pronucleus formation in activated oocytes was determined by staining with 1% orcein (whole mount technique). Matured oocytes (n = 176) without activation stimuli were used as control. The mean number of oocytes recovered per ovary was 3.5 ± 0.5. The proportion of oocytes matured in vitro, confirmed by the presence of first polar body, was 42.1 ± 4.7%. Parthenogenetic activation,evidenced by formation of pronucleus, occurred in 37.2 ± 15.8% of matured oocytes. No pronucleus formation was observed in control oocytes. In conclusion, a combination of ionomycin and 6-DMAP induces activation in one third of Black Bengal goats’ oocytes

Pathological observations on diseased cockerels in rural areas of Bangladesh

( Md Aminul Ehsan ),( Md Siddiqur Rahman ),( Byeong Kirl Baek ),( Byeong Su Kim ),( Joon Seok Chae ),( Seong Kug Eo ),( John Hwa Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2004 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The poultry farmers of rural area in Bangladesh usually prefer raising cockerel to broiler due to availability, low price of chicks, requirement of less space and feed, and high price of meat and the farmers believe that the cockerels are less susceptible to diseases in comparison to broilers. This study was carried out to observe the pathology of diseased cockerel in 3 farms of rural area in Bangladesh. A total of 974 birds were examined and the diagnoses of different disease/conditions were based on the history, clinical signs, characteristic gross, tissue alterations, clinical pathology and isolation and identification of the pathogenic organisms. The diseases in this study included infectious bursal disease, yolk sac infection, vitamin E deficiency, coccidiosis, and other diseases. The proportionate mortality rate were 7.29%, 0.62%, 0.72%, 0.21% and 0.10%, respectively, which indicated that most of the fatal causes of death were due to infectious bursal disease. Age group of 2-8 week old were the most susceptible to this disease and E coli was suggested as a cause of yolk sac infection. The data also suggested that the coccidiosis in rural areas of Bangladesh has decreased due to awareness of the farmers and routine use of coccidiostates.

The vexed Taiwan issue and its implications

Mohd Aminul Karim 한국국방연구원 2010 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.22 No.3

Taiwan is a vexed issue, and having no definite sovereignty status at the inter-state level, it carries the potential for conflagration. There is palpably a contradiction between its de jure and de facto status. Contradiction is also discernible in realizing the right brand of nationalism and the question of justice in adopting the appropriate hierarchical mode of governance. As such, there is a need to rethink its status and also the surrounding security architecture. The actors concerned may have to confront high stakes if its status quo is changed. The ""one China"" policy is accepted by all*but its varying interpretations and ambiguities in different official documents and pronouncements, made mostly keeping in view the geopolitical and nationalist compulsions, give rise to concern. It has turned out to be a flashpoint whose political status will, hopefully, be finally decided peacefully in a mutually accepted agreement through dialogue and confidence building measures. This paper examines the present status of Taiwan and the suggested ways forward for its final settlement, keeping in focus the security, political and economic realities*both in the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, as well as the surrounding region. There is a suggestion for a people-centric, like people being masters of their own destiny (people-first) solution*maybe in order to preclude the geopolitical complexities.

Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor: Challenges and Prospects

( Mohd Aminul Karim ),( Faria Islam ) 한국국방연구원 2018 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.30 No.2

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), ostensibly a connectivity and developmental program, was launched by the Chinese President Xi Jinping with the primary objective of connecting the common people in Asia through trade, infrastructure and culture. The initiative is designed to enhance connectivity in areas such as trade, infrastructure, investment, capital and people. That said, since its inception, the project seems to confront certain hurdles such as regional geopolitical complexities and launching of other alternative proposals that tend to hamper its progress. As part of the BRI, the BCIM-EC proposes to connect eastern China with South Asia that will also ultimately connect Southeast Asia through different modes for better economic and cultural connectivity. This paper attempts to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of the BCIM-EC project in the context of South and Southeast Asian nations. The paper concludes that the challenges are rather overriding.

The South China Sea Disputes: Is High Politics Overtaking?

Mohd Aminul Karim 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2013 Pacific Focus Vol.28 No.1

The aim of this article is to examine the implications of high politics in the South China Sea disputes, which basically involve the United States, and other claimant countries, such as Vietnam and the Philippines on one side,and China on the other. The two main actors, namely China and the United States, appear to be re-assertive. All the claimant countries are asking for their stakes, which involve their sovereignty, and sovereign and maritime rights. The fall-out is the polarization of the stakeholders and greater military build-up. Overt military confrontation is a remote possibility at the moment, mainly because of overriding considerations, such as interdependence in economy and a trend towards regionalism. Nevertheless, the array of sophisticated military forces and the vital national interests of the stakeholders in the Sea tend to portend a problematic frontier. This article indicates certain policy implications and attempts to develop the framework of a scenario that is likely to emerge premised on high politics.

China’s Power Politics and Modernization: Implications for Taiwan and the South China Sea

Mohd Aminul Karim 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2014 Pacific Focus Vol.29 No.2

The aim of this article is to analyze the rationale and likely impacts of Chinese military modernization, which seems focused to work as China’s instrument of power politics in the Asia–Pacific. Given that China is growing exponentially in the economic field and it has many flashpoints to deal with, its military modernization is understandably a historical inevitability. It primarily has the United States, Japan, and Taiwan to confront over the flashpoints, such as Taiwan, and the South China Sea. Concurrently, the United States’ alliance/alignment-building is going ahead unabated along with its military revamping. The article concludes by projecting the likely ramifications as response to such military re-vamping and re-positioning from both sides.

China’s Proposed Maritime Silk Road: Challenges and Opportunities with Special Reference to the Bay of Bengal Region

Mohd Aminul Karim 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2015 Pacific Focus Vol.30 No.3

The aim of this article is to explore the challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road – presumably a gigantic economic project launched by China – for better connectivity and economic cooperation in Asia. The article examines the variables that may either limit or bolster its implementation. The project, once implemented, is likely to give rise to both economic and strategic upshots. Economically, it is likely to be win–win for both China and other powers in Asia who are willing to participate. On the other hand, it may get trapped because of the presence of geopolitical issues and great powers rivalry, specifically in the Bay of Bengal region. The article, in the final analysis, attempts to provide certain policy prescriptions, mainly for China, for maximum optimization.

Is Nuclear Deterrence Workable at the Brink Time in South Asia and Beyond?

( Mohd Aminul Karim ) 한국국방연구원 2014 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.26 No.1

The aim of this paper is to analyze the likely reactions of the nuclear actors, mainly in South Asia, in any prospective tensed scenario. Nuclear deterrence is generally being sustained in South Asia since 1971 but a turn of events might suddenly transform this state to a degree that could prompt the decision-makers to take hasty and irrational decisions. This paper examines the doctrines, command and control, safety measures, nuclear terrorism, and above all the strategic stability in South Asia in order to determine the probability of reaching the brink time. The paper concludes that even a small-group provocative act may initiate a conventional showdown to start with, maybe centering on Kashmir or other sensitive issues; it may then possibly compel the actors to consider the use of nukes.

Strategic Visions of China and the United States in South Asia and Beyond

( Mohd Aminul Karim ) 한국국방연구원 2012 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.24 No.2

China and the United States are the greatest strategic powers of the world today, where China is rising but the United States still remains predominant. Both have their grand strategic visions to shape and manage the world or regional political and security architecture. South Asia, being located in a critical and important geographical area, with players such as India, Pakistan, and others, is factored in their visions. It gives rise to a different combination of alignments and orientations of the states of South Asia and beyond. A kind of power game, along with its tangible manifestations, also seems conspicuous. This paper attempts to develop a broad framework of such developments, along with ramifications, both in place and projected, in the political power games of the relevant actors in South Asia.

21st Century Maritime Power-Politics in the Indian Ocean Region with Special Reference to the Bay of Bengal

Mohd Aminul Karim 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2017 Pacific Focus Vol.32 No.1

The aim of this paper is to project the emerging power-relations in the maritime realm between geopolitical players in the Indian Ocean region. These power-relations involve military shields and spears, infrastructure development, alignment–alliance relations, international trade routes, critical choke points, energy, and above all geopolitical implications. The methods followed in the paper are content analysis, case-method, interview, observation, and so forth. The paper concludes that emerging power polarizations are visible and are gradually taking a tangible shape in the form of military–economic condominium, presumably coming from opposite directions.