BOOK REVIEW - Advanced introduction to public management and administration

Amber Overholser 한국행정학회 2016 International Review of Public Administration Vol.21 No.4

Wage Convergence across European Regions : Do International Borders Matter?

( Amber Naz ),( Nisar Ahmad ),( Amjad Naveed ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.1

This study focuses on wage convergence among the member states of the European Union by addressing three important questions. First, is there average wage convergence in European Union regions? Second, if there is wage convergence, are regional wage levels converging to a single, steady state level (unconditional convergence) or to their own steady state level (conditional convergence)? Third, do international borders matter for average wage convergence? By using a panel data set covering 203 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-2 level regions from 1996 to 2006, the present study finds wage convergence for internal regions (regions within the same country) but no evidence of convergence for border regions (neighboring regions across international borders). These results imply that wage convergence is somehow restricted by international borders. These results are robust with both parametric and non-parametric approaches of testing convergence.

Effect of Tart Cherry Polyphenols on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity

Amber Thomas,Sanique South,Parakat Vijayagopal,Shanil Juma 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.1

Bone is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The presence of inflammation can contribute to an imbalance in bone homeostasis by enhancing differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells that participate in the breakdown of bone. Polyphenols such as flavonoids found in plant-derived foods have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues. Tart cherries are a rich source of such polyphenolic compounds. Using mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), we examined whether tart cherry polyphenols could dose dependently inhibit the proliferation and activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) differentiated osteoclasts under inflammatory conditions. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, used as indicators of osteoclast differentiation and activity, tended to decrease with tart cherry polyphenols treatment. Osteoprotegerin expression by osteoclasts was decreased in a similar manner. A significant increase in nitrite concentration was observed with the lower doses of tart cherry polyphenols of 50 and 100 μg/mL (P < .05). However, higher doses of tart cherry polyphenols (200 and 300 μg/mL) reduced nitrite concentrations below that of the control that received no tart cherry polyphenols treatment (P < .05). Western blot analyses showed that protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) followed a similar trend, although results were not statistically significant. On the other hand, tart cherry polyphenols treatments dose dependently increased inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression, with statistical significance noted at doses of 200 and 300 μg/mL. Overall, our findings suggest that the polyphenols associated with tart cherries potentially inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activity, which may be beneficial to bone health.

Repurpose

Amber Kim 한국디자인학회 2022 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2022 No.9

Human Immunity Against Campylobacter Infection

Amber Hameed 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.6

Frailty, Incontinence, and Falls Among People Living With HIV

Amber B. Armstead,J. Michael Wilkerson,Gretchen Gemeinhardt,Alan Nyitray,Diane M. Collins 대한작업치료학회 2020 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Introduction: Age-related co-morbidities are common among persons living with chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). However, data are largely absent on the relationship between frailty and incontinence as related to falls—common age-related co-morbidities—among people living with chronic HIV (PLWH). Methods: To inform hospital-based Occupational Therapy (OT) services for PLWH, we performed a case-control study using extracted data from the electronic medical records of PLWH who had received OT at a large academic hospital. Two-hundred-and-four subjects were included in the final dataset; sixty-eight were cases that reported a fall within the last 12 months, while 136 were controls which were PLWH who had not sustained a fall. Results: The association between falls and frailty indicated that persons categorized as ‘pre-frail’ with balance deficits were more likely to fall (OR=2.77 [1.18-6.52]). Women who lacked insurance were less likely to fall (OR=0.38 [0.18-0.82]) and (OR=0.29 [0.09-0.88]) respectively. The association between incontinence and falls among PLWH were not statistically significant in a multivariate adjusted regression model (OR=1.38 [.59-3.22]). Conclusion: Our findings suggest further examination of the person factors of PLWH who are categorized clinically as ‘pre-frail’ or ‘frail’ may improve health outcomes and reduce falls when paired with occupation-based interventions.

Unique case of a geminated supernumerary tooth with trifid crown

Amber Ather,Hunaiza Ather,Sanket Milan Sheth,Vidya Saraswathi Muliya 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.3

Gemination, a relatively uncommon dental anomaly, is characterized by its peculiar representation as a tooth with a bifid crown and a common root and root canal. It usually occurs in primary dentition. To come across gemination in a supernumerary tooth is a rare phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to present a unique case of hyperdontia wherein gemination in an impacted supernumerary tooth resulted in a trifid crown unlike the usual bifid crown. The role of conventional radiographs as well as computed tomography, to accurately determine the morphology and spatial location, and to arrive at a diagnosis, is also emphasized in this paper.

Repurpose

Amber Kim 한국디자인학회 2022 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2022 No.11

Businesswomen’s choice of professional dress: Model development for dress perception

Amber Roth,Jihyun Kim,Doris Kincade 한국마케팅과학회 2017 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.8 No.4

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between businesswomen’s choice of professional dress and four dress perception variables (ie comfort, employment orientation, appearance labor, availability of professional dress). The choice of professional dress is viewed along the fashion continuum, which ranges from “classic dress” to “innovative dress.” A model was developed based on systems theory, and variables were selected from previous research that relate to an individual’s perception of and attitude toward their professional dress as well as an individual’s population characteristics. Data were collected via an online survey managed by a marketing research company. Results of the multiple regression analysis and mean comparisons testing indicated signifi cant relationships between businesswomen’s choice of professional dress and comfort, appearance labor (ie eff ort devoted to attire), and availability of professional dress (ie limited store availability) as well as age and education. Based on the fi ndings, academic and practical suggestions as well as recommendations for future research were provided.

Human Immunity Against Campylobacter Infection

Amber Hameed 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.6

Campylobacter is a worldwide foodborne pathogen, associated with human gastroenteritis. The efficient translocation of Campylobacter and its ability to secrete toxins into host cells are the 2 key features of Campylobacter pathophysiology which trigger inflammation in intestinal cells and contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhoea, in humans. The purpose of conducting this literature review is to summarise the current understanding of: i) the human immune responses involved in the elimination of Campylobacter infection and ii) the resistance potential in Campylobacter against these immune responses. This review has highlighted that the intestinal epithelial cells are the preliminary cells which sense Campylobacter cells by means of their cell-surface and cytosolic receptors, activate various receptors-dependent signalling pathways, and recruit the innate immune cells to the site of inflammation. The innate immune system, adaptive immune system, and networking between these systems play a crucial role in bacterial clearance. Different cellular constituents of Campylobacter, mainly cell membrane lipooligosaccharides, capsule, and toxins, provide protection to Campylobacter against the human immune system mediated killing. This review has also identified gaps in knowledge, which are related to the activation of following during Campylobacter infection: i) cathelicidins, bactericidal permeability-increasing proteins, chemokines, and inflammasomes in intestinal epithelial cells; ii) siglec-7 receptors in dendritic cell; iii) acute phase proteins in serum; and iv) T-cell subsets in lymphoid nodules. This review evaluates the existing literature to improve the understanding of human immunity against Campylobacter infection and identify some of the knowledge gaps for future research.