Role of Synthetic Slag Treatment on the Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions and Subsequent Cold Drawability of the High Carbon Wire Rod Steel

Alok Srivastava,Ashok Kamaraj,Durbadal Mandal,K. Mondal,Gopi K. Mandal 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The present work discusses the evolution of microstructure and non-metallic inclusions during wire drawing process in asynthetic slag-treated 5.5 mm diameter high carbon wire rod steel. It has been observed that failure of the as-received wirerod (without synthetic slag treatment) takes place at different stages of deformation during wire drawing operation. However,in case of the synthetic slag-treated wire rods (TW specimen), failure takes place consistently at ~ 95% reduction in thecross-sectional area of the wire. In a quest to understand the failure mechanisms during wire drawing process, a systematicstudy has been carried out by analyzing the microstructures and non-metallic inclusions in the steel wires drawn at variousstages of deformation. The improved drawability of the treated wire specimens is attributed to the decrease in the amountof unfavourable non-deformable inclusions in the steel matrix, and this stems from the synthetic slag treatment of the liquidsteel. Microstructural investigation also confirms the complete realignment of pearlite colonies along the wire drawingdirection followed by thinning and disintegration of cementite lamellae at higher deformation, particularly in case of thesynthetic slag-treated wire rod steel.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Carissa carandasLinn fruits and Microstylis wallichii Lindl Tubers

Alok Sharma,G.D. Reddy,Atul Kaushik,K.Shanker,R.K. Tiwari,Alok Mukherjee,Ch.V. Rao 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.1

ethanolic (50% v/v) extracts of Carissa carandas (fruits) (Apocynaceae) and Microstylis wallichii(tubers) (Orchidaceae) were examined for anti-inflamatory and analgesic activities in experimental animals.Carissa carandas and Microstylis wallichii (50 - 200 mg/kg) caused a dose dependent inhibition of swellingcaused by carrageenin significantly in cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). There was asignificant increase in the analgesy meter induced pain in rats. The extracts of Carissa carandas and Microstyliswallichii resulted in an inhibition of stretching episodes and percentage protection was 16.05 - 17.58%respectively in acetic acid induced writhing.KeywordsCarissa carandas, Microstylis wallichii, pain, inflamation

Genetic Transformation of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and Screening Transgenic Progenies Based on Lateral Root Inhibition

Alok Das,Manoj Kumar,Arvind Kumar Singh,Alok Shukla,Jamal Ansari,Subhojit Datta,Narendra Pratap Singh 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Production of transgenic pigeonpea is becoming increasingly important, but the methods currently employed in production and subsequent screening still requires improvement. Here, we describe Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pigeonpea with reporter uidA (gus) gene and selectable marker, neomycin phospho-transferase (nptII) gene. Histochemical assay demonstrate localization of gus activity in cells and transformed plants. Overall, a transformation frequency of 0.33% was achieved using the protocol. Grafting of in vitro-regenerated healthy shoots indicates higher survival percent (72.6%), when stock and scion are of the same variety. Seeds harvested from primary transgenic plants can be screened based on lateral root inhibition strategy. Approximately 87% of the screened T1 plants were found to be PCR positive. In conclusion, in vitro grafting of transgenic pigeonpea shoots leads to better plant establishment and screening based on lateral root inhibition leads to quick identification of positive segregants.

Optimal vibration energy harvesting from nonprismatic piezolaminated beam

Alok R Biswal,Tarapada Roy,Rabindra K Behera 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.19 No.4

The present article encompasses a nonlinear finite element (FE) and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimal vibration energy harvesting from nonprismatic piezo-laminated cantilever beams. Three cases of cross section profiles (such as linear, parabolic and cubic) are modelled to analyse the geometric nonlinear effects on the output responses such as displacement, voltage, and power. The simultaneous effects of taper ratios (such as breadth and height taper) on the output power are also studied. The FE based nonlinear dynamic equation of motion has been solved by an implicit integration method (i.e., Newmark method in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method). Besides this, a real coded GA based constrained optimization scheme has also been proposed to determine the best set of design variables for optimal harvesting of power within the safe limits of beam stress and PZT breakdown voltage.

이중언어 및 대조 분석

(Alok Roy) 이중언어학회 1997 이중언어학 Vol.14 No.1

N/A

Advances in biotechnological applications in three important food legumes

Alok Das,Swarup K. Parida 한국식물생명공학회 2014 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.8 No.2

Legumes are the third largest family of floweringplants, known for their unique capacity of symbioticnitrogen fixation. The draft genome sequences of threeimportant food legumes [soybean (Glycine max), pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)] havebeen completed. Coupled with a deluge of information ontranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, they presenta huge amount of genomic resources for the geneticimprovement of legume crops. Developed molecularmarkers, structurally and functionally annotated genes/quantitative trait loci/alleles and regulatory sequences canbe utilized in improvement breeding programmes. Further,the genetic transformation of two valuable pulses (chickpeaand pigeonpea) has now taken centre stage, realizing thepotential of genetically modified soybean, for enhancedprospects of food production. Together, the advances inbiotechnological tools and the research community’scapacity to develop imaginative strategies will help inframing a legume development programme for ensuringthe nutritional security of the world.

Zero valent iron-mediated rapid removal of bis-azo dye in solution amended with dyebath additives: Biphasic kinetics and modelling

Alok Sinha,Raja Kumar 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.11

The effect of widely used dye-bath additives, namely sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea, acetic acid and citric acid, on the reductive removal of azo dye AR73 by zero valent iron was investigated. Na+ induced ‘salting out’ effect on the dye molecules complemented with Cl− induced pitting corrosion of ZVI surface led to improved dye removal rate with increasing NaCl concentration. ‘Salting out’ effect of (NH4)2SO4 together with enhanced iron corrosion by aggressive SO4 2− and reducing effect of ‘sulfate green rust’ benefitted the reaction rates. However, beyond 1,000mg/L (NH4)2SO4 concentration, complex formation of NH4 + and SO4 2− with iron oxides compromised ZVI reactivity. Urea inhibited the reaction by its chaotropic effect on the dye solution and also by wrapping the ZVI surface. Enhanced iron corrosion by organic acids improved the reaction rates. The dye removal followed biphasic kinetics with initial rapid phase, when more than 95% dye removal was observed in all the studies, followed by a slow phase. The experimental data could be well evaluated using biphasic rate equation (R2>0.995 in all the cases). Highest dye removal rate of 0.900 min−1 was achieved at pH 2 with all the additives amended. AR73 removal could be modelled using biphasic model considering the individual effect of each additive. Rapid dye reduction capability at varied solution composition makes ZVI more advantageous and promising for wastewater treatment.

Failure Analysis of CFRP Multidirectional Laminates Using the Probabilistic Weibull Distribution Model under Static Loading

Alok Behera,Manjusha M. Thawre,Atul Ballal 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Multidirectional (MD) laminates in aircraft structurehave motivated the manufacturers to tailor the mechanical strength in desired directions. The complex stress field owing tomultiple orientations with the loading direction increases the intricacy of failure analysis. Hence, the macroscopic andmicroscopic fracture behaviour of MD CFRP laminates under static loading needs to be explored further. In this study, fourdifferent MD CFRP laminates were fabricated using IMA/M21 prepregs by the autoclaving technique. Effect of fiberorientation on static strength i.e. tensile and compressive strength was studied. The strength decreased with the increase inorientation angle. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that irrespective of the lay-up sequence individual layers failedparallel to the fiber direction. Fiber breakage and delamination were the major failure modes in tensile specimens whilekinking, matrix failure, in-plane shear, stepped fracture, and fiber-matrix debonding were dominated in compressionspecimens. The theoretical and experimental data was in good agreement with the Weibull distribution model.

Optimization methodology based on neural networks and box-behnken design applied to photocatalysis of acid red 114 dye

Alok Garg,Gaganpreet Kaur,Vikas K. Sangal,Pramod K. Bajpai,Sushant Upadhyay 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.5

The present work deals with the modeling and optimization of photocatalytic degradation (UV/TiO₂) of aqueous solution of Acid Red 114 (AR114) dye using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and RSM. Photocatalytic treatment of AR114 has been executed using suspension TiO₂catalyst for commercial applications exposed to ultraviolet irradiation in a shallow pond reactor. ANN optimization has been applied to for predicting the behavior of photocatalysis. The input parameters used for analysis of aqueous dye solution are - TiO₂ dose, pH of the dye solution, initial dye concentration, UV light intensity, time and area/volume, and time whereas the outputs are evaluated in form of degradation and decolorization efficiency of AR114. The outcomes of ANN optimization have been experimentally validated. Results achieved establish ANN modeling as a good predictive model. Parameteric optimization using multi-parameter optimization has been employed with desirability function approach. Results obtained from RSM are in line as per the results of ANN modeling as well as experimental. First order kinetics is use to effectively express degradation and decolorization of AR114 dyes. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal and GC-MS study of the dye shows the total mineralization and formation of non-toxic intermediate products.

Statistical Optimization of Medium Components to Increase the Manganese Peroxidase Productivity by Phanerochaete chrysosporium NCIM 1197

Alok Kumar Varshney,Medicherla Krishna Mohan,Ambarish Sharan Vidyarthi,Vinod Kumar Nigam,Purnendu Ghosh 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.6

The production of manganese peroxidase (MnP)by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporiumNCIM 1197 was investigated by the screening andoptimization of the media constituents and physiologicalfactors. MnP production by the fungus was used as theresponse to screen the media constituents with statisticallyvalid Plackett-Burman (P-B) design. Response surfacemethodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the level ofscreened media constituents. Amongst the media constituentsscreened, glucose, maltose, ammonium chloride, and ureawere selected as the most important for MnP enhancement. A five-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was used inoptimizing the important media constituents for maximizingthe MnP production. The optimal medium composition formaximum MnP production was 13.88 mM of glucose,13.88 mM of maltose, 0.02 mM of ammonium chloride,and 0.02 mM of urea. The final experiment was conductedto validate the model, which was shown to produce70.20 U/mL of MnP with a predicted value of 66.49 U/mLon the 8th day of incubation.