Microstructural Evolutions, Hot Deformation and Work Hardening Behaviour of Novel Al–Zn Binary Alloys Processed by Squeezing and Hot Extrusion

S. Sivasankaran,K. R. Ramkumar,Hany R. Ammar,Fahad A. Al‑Mufadi,Abdulaziz S. Alaboodi,Osama Mohamed Irfan 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

The main goals of this work were to manufacture novel Al–Zn extruded alloys by varying the Zn content (0, 10, 20, 30 wt%),investigate the microstructural evolutions, hot deformation, and work hardening behaviour by hot compression test at differenttemperatures (25 °C, 75 °C, 150 °C, 225 °C, 300 °C). Al–20Zn alloy microstructure revealed α-Al and uniform distributionof (α + η) phases, coherent (α + η) crystals in GBs with casting defect-free surfaces, and effective interactions of pinningdislocations which led to improve mechanical performance of Al–20Zn alloy, as compared to the other alloys. The observedengineering stress–strain curve results revealed the decrease of stress with increasing of temperature due to flow softening,dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. These results displayed also an increase of stress value with increasingof Zn content due to the precipitation of high density (α + η) phase in the matrix and GBs, increasing of forest and mobiledislocations density with strain fields, and the formation of fine dendrites. Work hardening rate (WHR) of extruded samplesdisplayed three stages: stage I, WHR decreased slightly with increasing of temperature up to 75 °C and decreased drasticallyfrom 75 °C to 300 °C due to softening; stage II, WHR maintained constant due to balance between dislocation generationsand dislocation annihilation; stage III, WHR slightly increased due to strain hardening of (α + η) phase. WHR was observedto increase considerably with increasing of Zn content due to the formation and dispersion of high density of (α + η) phasein the Al matrix and GBs. Deformation micro-localization in terms of different characteristics was examined and reportedon the deformed samples after hot-compression test through SEM micrographs.

Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Early Warning Signs and Symptoms, Risk Factors and Vaccination among Students at a Medical School in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Darwish, Abdulaziz Ahmed,Al-Naim, Abdullah Fouad,Al-Mulhim, Khalid Saleh,Al-Otaibi, Nasser Khaled,Morsi, Mohammed Saad,Aleem, Ansari Mukhtar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among females and also the most preventable. In the literature there is abundant evidence that awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention is low in the developing countries. Medical students are the future health professionals and can play an important role in increasing awareness among the general population. To assess the knowledge regarding symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical carcinoma among medical students in th Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the present study was planned. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire with students at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA, from December 2012 to May 2013. Results: The responses of 188 students (males 111, females 77) in their second, third, fourth, and fifth years were recorded and used in the data analysis. The majority of the students were not aware of the early warning signs, symptoms and risk factors. On average, only 43.7% males and 56% of females were aware about the early signs and symptoms whereas 51.4% males and 57.8% females had knowledge about the risk factors of cervical cancers. Some 55% males and 46.8% females were unable to select the correct answer regarding human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as the cause of cervical cancer. Majority of the students (67%) were not aware about the availability of vaccine against HPV. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge regarding early signs and symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer was observed in the present study.

알-하피즈 아랍어 연어 사전에 관한 적절한 평가: 코퍼스를 기반으로 한 연구

알리알할라와니 ( Ali Al Halawani ),히샴카다와르디 ( Hesham Khadawardi ),모하메드엘아스카리 ( Mohamed Elaskary ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2015 중동연구 Vol.33 No.3

연어(collocation) 학습은 외국인 학생과 외국어 학습자에게 있어매우 중요하다. 원어민은 배우지 않아도 자연스럽고 능숙하게 연어를 구사할 수 있지만, 외국인 학습자가 원어민 수준으로 외국어 실력을 향상시키기 위해서는 연어를 학습해야만 한다. 서구 언어학자들과 사전편찬자들이 연어에 대해 관심을 갖기 시작한 것은1933 년부터이다. 최초의 영어 연어 사전(the BBI)이 1986 년에 출간된 반면 아랍어 연어 사전은 2004 년에 처음 발간되었다. 이 논문은 최초의 아랍어 연어 사전인 Al-Hafiz 사전에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 연어 사전은 번역가, 작가 그리고 외국어 학습자에게 없어서는 안될 필수품이다. 연어 번역에 나타나는 오역의 원인 중 하나는 번역가가 연어에 대한 자세한 설명과 예문이없는 일반 이중언어 사전을 참고하기 때문이다. 이 논문은 언어학적 방법론과 학문적 비평을 기반으로 한 현대 기술의 도입으로 아랍어-영어와 영어-아랍어 범용사전뿐만 아니라 특수사전 분야에서도 선도적 역할을 담당하게 하기 위함을 목적으로 한다. 이 점과 관련하여, 이 논문에서는 Al-Hafiz 사전의 장점과 단점에 대해살펴볼 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 Al-Hafiz 사전에서 발견되는 오류들을 지적하기 보다는 오류의 수정을 통해 아랍어 사전편찬자들이 이런점들을 활용하여 같은 실수를 반복하지 않게 하는 데 있다. 사전편찬자가 사전 편찬에 좀더 심혈을 기울여서, 일반독자들조차쉽게 발견할 수 있는 오류들을 범하지 않았더라면 Al-Hafiz 사전은더 잘 만들어졌을 것이다. 이에 본 논문은 연어 사전을 편찬하는 데있어 코포라(corpora)나 소프트웨어(software) 같은 현대기술의 활용을 제안한다. Collocation has become one of the most controversial linguistic terms of today. As evidence to this, linguists did not agree up till today as to its exact definition, types or patterns. This may explain, to some extent, the scarcity of collocational dictionaries and their late appearance regardless of the huge number of collocations that can be found in general (i.e. noncollocational) lexicons and dictionaries of nearly all languages. Added to this is the difficulty of compiling a collocational dictionary unless modern technological tools such as computers, huge corpora, and text analysis software are used. This is true as the first English collocational dictionary appeared in 1986, the BBI, while in Arabic, the first one to appear was Hafiz in 2004 which is the main focus of this paper. This is exactly the reason behind our interest in this dictionary as it is already the first of its kind in Arabic as is mentioned by its author on its front cover. Collocation dictionaries are indispensable tools for the translator, writer and learner of any foreign language. One of the reasons behind the errors translators make in rendering collocations from one language to another is that they consult general-purpose bilingual dictionaries that do not provide the translators with detailed explanation or examples of collocations. Hence, the significance of this paper as it represents an attempt towards introducing a modern-technology-based linguistic methodological and academic criticism for evaluating such a great effort aiming at elevating it to the best shape it can be and to help it become a model to be emulated in the field of compiling specialized as well as non-specialized Arabic/ English and English/Arabic dictionaries.As the dictionary’s author has committed-according to Al-Halawani-a number of methodological, editorial and translational mistakes; a matter which makes it incumbent upon specialists to look into its content to clarify such mistakes and attempt to amend them whenever possible.

Towards a Proper Evaluation of Al- Hafiz Arabic Collocations Dictionary: A Corpus-based Study

Al-Halawani, Ali,Khadawardi, Hesham,Elaskary, Mohamed 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2015 중동연구 Vol.33 No.3

Collocation has become one of the most controversiallinguistic terms of today. As evidence to this, linguists did notagree up till today as to its exact definition, types or patterns. This may explain, to some extent, the scarcity of collocationaldictionaries and their late appearance regardless of the hugenumber of collocations that can be found in general (i.e. noncollocational)lexicons and dictionaries of nearly all languages. Added to this is the difficulty of compiling a collocationaldictionary unless modern technological tools such ascomputers, huge corpora, and text analysis software are used. This is true as the first English collocational dictionaryappeared in 1986, the BBI, while in Arabic, the first one toappear was Hafiz in 2004 which is the main focus of this paper. This is exactly the reason behind our interest in thisdictionary as it is already the first of its kind in Arabic as ismentioned by its author on its front cover. Collocationdictionaries are indispensable tools for the translator, writerand learner of any foreign language. One of the reasons behindthe errors translators make in rendering collocations from onelanguage to another is that they consult general-purposebilingual dictionaries that do not provide the translators withdetailed explanation or examples of collocations. Hence, thesignificance of this paper as it represents an attempt towardsintroducing a modern-technology-based linguisticmethodological and academic criticism for evaluating such agreat effort aiming at elevating it to the best shape it can beand to help it become a model to be emulated in the field ofcompiling specialized as well as non-specialized Arabic/English and English/Arabic dictionaries. As the dictionary’s author has committed – according to Al-Halawani– a number of methodological, editorial andtranslational mistakes; a matter which makes it incumbentupon specialists to look into its content to clarify suchmistakes and attempt to amend them whenever possible.

사우디아라비아의 석유정책

모하메드알쉐웨이히,Mohammed A.AL-Shewaihy 대한석유협회 1991 석유와 에너지 Vol.1991 No.7

이 자료는 지난 6월 19일 외교안보원에서 한국중동학회 주최로 열린 「중동과 석유」주제의 세미나에서 주한 사우디아라비아 대사인 Mohammed A. AL-Shewaihy씨가 발표한 내용을 옮긴 것이다. <편집자 주>

Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway (Doha Link)

Mohammad Al-Abdeen,Salim Mohamed 대한토목학회 2018 대한토목학회지 Vol.66 No.5

Landslide susceptibility mapping at Al-Hasher Area, Jizan (Saudi Arabia) using GIS-based frequency ratio and index of entropy models

Ahmed M. Youssef,Mohamed Al-Kathery,Biswajeet Pradhan 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.1

Mountain areas in the southern western corner ofthe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia frequently suffer from various typesof landslides due to rain storms and anthropogenic activities. Toresolve the problem related to landslides, landslide susceptibilitymap is important as a quick and safe mitigation measure and tohelp making strategic planning by identifying the most vulnerableareas. This paper summarizes findings of landslide susceptibilityanalysis at Al-Hasher area, Jizan, KSA, using two statistical models:frequency ratio and index of entropy models with the aid ofGIS tools and remote sensing data. The landslide locations (inventorymap) were identified in the study area using historical records,interpretation of high-resolution satellite images that include Geo-Eye in 2.5 m and Quickbird in 0.6m resolution, topographic mapsof 1:10,000 scale, and multiple field investigations. A total of 207landslides (80% out of 257 detected landslides) were randomlyselected for model training, and the remaining 50 landslides (19%)were used for the model validation. Ten landslide conditioning factorsincluding slope angle, slope-aspect, altitude, curvature, lithology,distance to lineaments, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),distance to roads, precipitation, and distance to streams, were extractedfrom spatial database. Using these conditioning factors and landslidelocations, landslide susceptibility and weights of each factorwere analyzed by using frequency ratio and index of entropy models. Our findings showed that the existing landslides of high and very highsusceptibility classes cover nearly 80.4% and 79.1% of the susceptibilitymaps produced by frequency ratio and index of entropy modelsrespectively. For verification, receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculatedfor success and prediction rates. For success rate the resultsrevealed that for the index of entropy model (AUC = 77.9%) is slightlylower than frequency ratio model (AUC = 78.8%). For the predictionrate, it was found that the index of entropy model (AUC = 74.9%)is slightly lower than the frequency ratio model (AUC = 76.7%). The landslide susceptibility maps produced from this study couldhelp decision makers, planners, engineers, and urban areas developersto make suitable decisions.

Analysis and deep hydrodesulfurization reactivity of Saudi Arabian gas oils

김태곤,박주일,Syed Ahmed Ali,Khalid Alhooshani,Mohammed Al-Yami,윤성호,Isao Mochida 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.5

Gas oils obtained from Arabian Light (AL-GO), Arabian Medium (AM-GO) and Arabian Heavy (AH-GO)crude oils were subjected to detailed analysis in terms of reactive and refractory sulfur, nitrogen, as well as aromatic species. Deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of these gas oils over SiO2–Al2O3-supported CoMo and NiMo catalysts was studied using autoclave reactor either in one- or two-stage operations. AL-GO was easily and deeply desulfurized to 15 ppm over CoMo/Al2O3–SiO2 (catalyst X) at 340 8C and 5 MPa (H2) for 2 h. At the same conditions, AM-GO and AH-GO could be desulfurized to 70 and 78 ppm,respectively. Two-staged HDS, by combining CoMo and NiMo catalysts, in successive steps resulted in effective deep HDS. The replacement of hydrogen atmosphere after the first-stage (1 h) enhanced the AH-GO HDS during the second-stage (1 h) to 9 ppm. However, replacing the hydrogen in the secondstage with 5% H2S in hydrogen inhibited the HDS, resulting in product sulfur content of 15 ppm. Analysis of sulfur species indicate that significant fraction of reactive and refractory sulfur species were removed during the first-stage whereas the remaining refractory sulfur species were removed during the second-stage. Kinetic analysis indicates overwhelming influence of refractive sulfur species on the overall HDS. The results from this study show that two-stage scheme with optimum catalysts in series can be applied to overcome the difficulty to achieve deep HDS of AH-GO.

A Bioactive Fraction from Streptomyces sp. Enhances Maize Tolerance against Drought Stress

Warrad Mona,Hassan Yasser M.,Mohamed Mahmoud S.M,Hagagy Nashwa,Al-Maghrabi Omar A,Selim Samy,Saleh Ahmed M.,AbdElgawad Hamada 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8

Drought stress is threatening the growth and productivity of many economical crops. Therefore, it is necessary to establish innovative and efficient approaches for improving crop growth and productivity. Here we investigated the potentials of the cell-free extract of Actinobacteria (Ac) isolated from a semi-arid habitat (Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia) to recover the reduction in maize growth and improve the physiological stress tolerance induced by drought. Three Ac isolates were screened for production of secondary metabolites, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The isolate Ac3 revealed the highest levels of flavonoids, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to having abilities to produce siderophores and phytohormones. Based on seed germination experiment, the selected bioactive fraction of Ac3 cell-free extract (F2.7, containing mainly isoquercetin), increased the growth and photosynthesis rate under drought stress. Moreover, F2.7 application significantly alleviated drought stress-induced increases in H2O2, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls). It also increased total antioxidant power and molecular antioxidant levels (total ascorbate, glutathione and tocopherols). F2.7 improved the primary metabolism of stressed maize plants; for example, it increased in several individuals of soluble carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Interestingly, to reduce stress impact, F2.7 accumulated some compatible solutes including total soluble sugars, sucrose and proline. Hence, this comprehensive assessment recommends the potentials of actinobacterial cell-free extract as an alternative ecofriendly approach to improve crop growth and quality under water deficit conditions.

سردية شرف العائلة: في بلاد بلا سماء للكاتب اليمني وجدي الأهدل

م,ح,م,د, ط,ل,ع,ت, ا,ل,ج,ن,د,ي,(Talaat al-Jundi, Mohammed) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2021 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.25 No.3

وكان النص الروائي أرض بلا ياسمين موضوع بحث في الروايات المهمة التي اهتمت بتسجيل الواقع الاجتماعي العربي ، وخاصة موضوع الشرف. هذا شرف المرأة العربية. تتناول هذه الرواية العديد من القضايا الاجتماعية والسياسية مثل الاضطهاد الجنسي للذكور والإناث في مجتمع محافظ وفساد المؤسسات العامة. الموضوعات الأخرى هي القبلية والعنف والتعذيب والفساد في قوة الشرطة والجامعة (مثل التحرش الجنسي من قبل الأساتذة مقابل الدرجات) ، والتقوى السطحية. إنه نقد مقلق ومثير للفكر وتصويري وصريح جنسياً للمجتمع اليمني بقلم وجدي الأهدل مؤلف مثير للجدل. The topic of this research is [Narrative of family honor: In “Bilad bila sama ” by the Yemeni writer “Wajdi Al-Ahdal”]. The novelist text “Bilad bila sama ” the subject of research of important novels that took care of the registration of the Arab social reality, especially the issue of honor. That is the honor of Arab women. This novel addresses many social and political issues such as the sexual oppression of both males and females in a conservative society and the corruption of public institutions. Other themes are tribalism, violence and torture, corruption in the police force and the university (e.g. sexual harassment by professors in exchange for grades), surface-level piety. It is a troubling, thought-provoking, graphic and sexually explicit critique of Yemeni society by “Wajdi Al-Ahdal” a controversial author who was forced to flee from Yemen because of his work.