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Review : Production of Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives
( Mohammed N. Baeshen ),( Ahmed M. Al Hejin ),( Roop S. Bora ),( Mohamed M. M. Ahmed ),( Hassan A. I. Ramadan ),( Kulvinder S. Saini ),( Nabih A. Baeshen ),( Elrashdy M. Redwan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7
Escherichia coli is the most preferred microorganism to express heterologous proteins for therapeutic use, as around 30% of the approved therapeutic proteins are currently being produced using it as a host. Owing to its rapid growth, high yield of the product, costeffectiveness, and easy scale-up process, E. coli is an expression host of choice in the biotechnology industry for large-scale production of proteins, particularly non-glycosylatedproteins, for therapeutic use. The availability of various E. coli expression vectors and strains, relatively easy protein folding mechanisms, and bioprocess technologies, makes it very attractive for industrial applications. However, the codon usage in E. coli and the absence ofpost-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and proteolytic processing, limit its use for the production of slightly complex recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Several new technological advancements in the E. coli expression system to meet the biotechnology industry requirements have been made, such as novel engineered strains,genetically modifying E. coli to possess capability to glycosylate heterologous proteins an express complex proteins, including full-length glycosylated antibodies. This review summarizes the recent advancements that may further expand the use of the E. coli expression system to produce more complex and also glycosylated proteins for therapeutic use in the future.
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Shatha Salem Hameed,M‑Zaki Mustafa ElAssouli,Ahmed M. Al-Hejin,Mohammad Zubair Alam,Sufian Mohamad ElAssouli,Faten Zubair Filimban 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.4
Traditional herbal medicines have been part of human healthcare systems since ancient times. The studies on herbal medicines have mainly focused on their beneficial aspects and hence their harmful effects have been usually overlooked. Throughout Middle East and South Asia, Rhazya stricta Decne. and Thymus vulgaris L. are used as traditional medicines for various diseases. We evaluated R. stricta and T. vulgaris aqueous extracts for their genotoxicity and mutagenicity through comet assay and Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test respectively. An overall treatment effect (p < 0.0001) showed higher genotoxicity of T. vulgaris extract indicated by increased tail moments in comet assay compared to the extract of R. stricta and the combined extract. Further, an overall dose effect (p < 0.0001) showed higher genotoxicity at 1 mg/ml which further increased at 5 mg/ml doses of the extracts compared to 0 mg/ml. The genotoxicity did not show any further increase at 10 mg/ml. The extracts were also tested for their mutagenicity through Ames Salmonella test. R. stricta and T. vulgaris were not mutagenic to TA100 and TA98 when extracts tested separately. However, combined extracts of R. stricta and T. vulgaris was weakly mutagenic to TA98 with number of revertants 92 ± 8 at the highest concentration tested. This study implies that the herbal medicines should be used cautiously as they may cause long term harmful effects along with the intended beneficial activity.
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