Empowerment of Women Rights in Malaysia -Issues and Challenges

( Aishah Bidin ) 아세아여성법학연구소 2015 아세아여성법학 Vol.18 No.-

The question arise is that, should there be a specific rights for women in a welfare state or are all the related legislations and regulation are also aimed at protecting all gender male and female as well. Indeed related legislation to human rights and welfare rights were equally important to man and women and would have the same impact to women as well. Nevertheless women, being the vulnerable group in some situation, would call for further protection to us as to ensure that we feel safer in public. This paper will focus on issues and challenges on empowering women rights in Malaysia and to ensure that women are protected and not discriminated namely within the context of the International Convention of Elimination of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW). The paper will also highlight and assess on how the Malaysian Government has implemented the comments and recommendations of CEDAW.

Business and Human Rights : Current Developments in Malaysia

Aishah BIDIN 서강대학교 법학연구소 2019 법과기업연구 Vol.9 No.3

이 글에서는 기업으로부터 인권을 보호하고 UN 기업과 인권 이행 지침을 적용하기 위해 기업에게 어느 정도까지 의무를 부과해야 할 것인가에 대해 논의한다. 말레이시아에서 기업의 인권 침해와 관련된 문제로는 주로 노동권, 지속가능한 발전과 토착민의 권리, 인신매매, 부패와 올바른 거버넌스의 부재가 거론되고 있다. 말레이시아는 UN 글로벌 콤팩트의 참가국으로 인권에 대한 내용을 포함하여 UN 글로벌 콤팩트 10대 원칙을 준수하고 있다. 120여 개의 말레이시아 기업이 ‘지속가능한 팜유에 관한 라운드테이블’에 가입해 있으며 UN 세계 인권 선언을 준수하고 있다. 말레이시아 인권위원회가 작성한 기업과 인권 국가 행동계획 전략 프레임워크는 구체적이고 달성 가능한 행동계획을 제시하였다. 말레이시아 증권거래소, 말레이시아 기업 위원회 역시 기업의 사회적 책임과 인권 보호를 위한 국제적 기준을 강조하고 있다. 말레이시아 연방 헌법은 기업으로부터 인권을 보호할 국가의 의무에 관해 규정하지 않지만, 법원의 해석을 통해 이를 도출할 수 있을 것이다. Noorfadilla 판결은 국회의 비준 없이도 UN 여성차별철폐협약을 적용할 가능성을 인정하였다는 점에서, 국제 인권 관련 원칙들의 적용을 위한 좋은 선례가 될 것이다. 말레이시아 정부 기구는 기업의 인권 침해 문제를 다루고 있고, 이 중 일부는 권한을 위임받아 직접 인권 침해를 조사하기도 한다. 그러나 이러한 기구들은 위반 행위를 처벌하거나 보상을 할 권한을 갖지 않는다. 말레이시아 법제에서 기업은 형사 책임의 주체가 되지만, 직접 규제가 이루어지지는 않고 있다. 또한, 말레이시아 기업들은 지속가능성을 고려할 압박을 받고 있음에도 실제적 노력을 잘 기울이고 있지 않다. 말레이시아 정부는 이행 지침을 수행하는데 그칠 것이 아니라 국내법으로 제정하기 위한 노력이 필요할 것이다. This article discusses to what extent obligations must be imposed on companies to protect human rights fro and applying the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights. In Malaysia, the violation of corporate human rights are mainly addressed by or related to labor rights, sustainable development and indigenous rights, human trafficking, corruption and the lack of good governance. Malaysia is a participant in the UN Global Compact and complies with its ten principles, including human rights. More than 120 Malaysian companies have joined the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil and comply with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) introduced its Strategic Framework on a National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights for Malaysia Bursa Malaysia and the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) also emphasizes international standards for corporate social responsibility and human rights protection. The Malaysian Constitution does not prescribe the state"s obligation to protect human rights from corporations, but this can be achieved through court interpretation. The Noorfadilla ruling is a good precedent for the application of international human rights principles, in recognition of the possibility of applying the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Malaysian government agencies deal with corporate human rights violations, some of which are mandated and directly investigate human rights violations. However, these bodies do not have the authority to punish or compensate for violations. In Malaysian legislation, companies are subject to criminal responsibility, but are not directly regulated. In addition, Malaysian companies are not making substantial corrective efforts, even though they are under pressure to consider sustainability. The Malaysian government will need to not only carry out implementation guidelines, but will also make efforts to establish domestic laws.

[번역문] 기업과 인권 : 말레이시아에서의 발전 현황

Aishah BIDIN,성한빛(번역자) 서강대학교 법학연구소 2019 법과기업연구 Vol.9 No.3

Micropatterning of Spin-Coated Hybrid Materials by Using an UV Polymerization Technique

Aishah Isnin,Mat Tamizi Zainuddin,Nik Azmi N. A. Aziz,Mohamad Zahid A. Malek 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5

Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are promising candidates and if their properties are tailored, several diffrent submicron planar optical passive and active devices, such as waveguides, ampli- fiers, splitters and couplers can be produced. In this present study, we report on sol-gel-derived organic-inorganic materials made from vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES). The lms were deposited on glass substrates by using a spin-coating technique. The lm densification was done at 300℃ and a patterned waveguide structure was fabricated by using UV-irradiation through a negative photomask. The SEM micrograph shows that channel patterns with a width of about 8 m were formed by etching of the unirradiated regions of the films. Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are promising candidates and if their properties are tailored, several diffrent submicron planar optical passive and active devices, such as waveguides, ampli- fiers, splitters and couplers can be produced. In this present study, we report on sol-gel-derived organic-inorganic materials made from vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES). The lms were deposited on glass substrates by using a spin-coating technique. The lm densification was done at 300℃ and a patterned waveguide structure was fabricated by using UV-irradiation through a negative photomask. The SEM micrograph shows that channel patterns with a width of about 8 m were formed by etching of the unirradiated regions of the films.

Molecularly engineered switchable photo-responsive membrane in gas separation for environmental protection

Aishah Rosli,Siew Chun Low 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.4

In recent years, stimuli-responsive materials have garnered interest due to their ability to change properties when exposed to external stimuli, making it useful for various applications including gas separation. Light is a very attractive trigger for responsive materials due to its speedy and non-invasive nature as well as the potential to reduce energy costs significantly. Even though light is deemed as an appealing stimulus for the development of stimuli-responsive materials, this avenue has yet to be extensively researched, as evidenced by the fewer works done on the photo-responsive membranes. Of these, there are even less research done on photo-responsive materials for the purpose of gas separation, thus, we have collected the examples that answer both these criteria in this review. This review covers the utilisation of photo-responsive materials specifically for gas separation purposes. Photo-chromic units, their integration into gas separation systems, mechanism and research that have been done on the topic so far are discussed.

Agrarian Change and Rural Women : The Malaysian Experience

Edris, Aishah Ewha Womans University Press 1999 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.5 No.4

The aim of this paper is to discuss some effects of agrarian change on rural women, based on the Malaysian experience. The introduction of modern agriculture has no doubt succeeded in raising productivity and the income of rural women in the country, but inequalities between the poorer and better-off farmers have widened. The process of modernization in agriculture has displaced women to domestic production. Although efforts have been made to improve and increase agricultural production, the role of women as farmers has declined and many factors have contributed to this. Realizing the importance of women's contribution to the economy, the Malaysian government has taken steps to boost the participation of rural women in various development programs and activities. Hence, this paper seeks to address the question: how are rural Malaysian women placed in the context of agrarian change?

Increased Nociceptive Responses in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats and the Related Expression of Spinal NR2B Subunit of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors

Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail,Rapeah Suppian,Che Badariah Abd Aziz,Khalilah Haris,Idris Long 대한당뇨병학회 2019 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.43 No.2

Background: This study investigated the role of NR2B in a modulated pain process in the painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) rat using various pain stimuli. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=8): control, diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and diabetic rats treated with ifenprodil at a lower dose (0.5 μg/day) (I 0.5) or higher dose (1.0 μg/day) (I 1.0). DM was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg on day 0 of experimentation. Diabetic status was assessed on day 3 of the experimentation. The responses on both tactile and thermal stimuli were assessed on day 0 (baseline), day 14 (pre-intervention), and day 22 (post-intervention). Ifenprodil was given intrathecally for 7 days from day 15 until day 21. On day 23, 5% formalin was injected into the rats’ hind paw and the nociceptive responses were recorded for 1 hour. The rats were sacrificed 72 hours postformalin injection and an analysis of the spinal NR2B expression was performed. Results: DM rats showed a significant reduction in pain threshold in response to the tactile and thermal stimuli and higher nociceptive response during the formalin test accompanied by the higher expression of phosphorylated spinal NR2B in both sides of the spinal cord. Ifenprodil treatment for both doses showed anti-allodynic and anti-nociceptive effects with lower expression of phosphorylated and total spinal NR2B. Conclusion: We suggest that the pain process in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat that has been modulated is associated with the higher phosphorylation of the spinal NR2B expression in the development of PDN, which is similar to other models of neuropathic rats.

Heterogeneous Parallel Architecture for Face Detection Enhancement

Albssami, Aishah,Sharaf, Sanaa International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.2

Face Detection is one of the most important aspects of image processing, it considers a time-consuming problem in real-time applications such as surveillance systems, face recognition systems, attendance system and many. At present, commodity hardware is getting more and more heterogeneity in terms of architectures such as GPU and MIC co-processors. Utilizing those co-processors along with the existing traditional CPUs gives the algorithm a better chance to make use of both architectures to achieve faster implementations. This paper presents a hybrid implementation of the face detection based on the local binary pattern (LBP) algorithm that is deployed on both traditional CPU and MIC co-processor to enhance the speed of the LBP algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed implementation achieved improvement in speed by 3X when compared to a single architecture individually.

Complementary Alternative Medicine Use Amongst Breast Cancer Patients in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia

Knight, Aishah,Hwa, Yen Siew,Hashim, Hasnah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Breast cancer is a common cancer affecting women in Malaysia and the use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) has been associated with delays in getting treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the use of CAM and the influencing factors in the Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on a convenience sample of 100 Malaysian breast cancer survivors. Findings: The reported use of CAM among the breast cancer survivors was lower than in other studies but the types of CAM used had a similar pattern with nutrition supplements/vitamins being the most common. The factors that positively influenced the use of complimentary/traditional therapy were income and getting information from television or radio. Survivors with access to internet/blogs appear to have lower odds of using complimentary/traditional therapy compared to the respondents who reported no such access. Conclusions: Information transmitted via television and radio appears to have a positive influence on CAM use by breast cancer patients compared to other information sources and it is important to ensure that such information is accurate and impartial.

COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: a review

Suhaimi Siti Nur Atikah Aishah,Zaki Izzati Abdul Halim,Noordin Zakiah Mohd,Hussin Nur Sabiha Md,Ming Long Chiau,Zulkifly Hanis Hanum 대한백신학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.12 No.4

Rare but serious thrombotic incidents in relation to thrombocytopenia, termed vaccineinduced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), have been observed since the vaccine rollout, particularly among replication-defective adenoviral vector-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine recipients. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed and summarized reported studies of VITT following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination to determine its prevalence, clinical characteristics, as well as its management. A literature search up to October 1, 2021 using PubMed and SCOPUS identified a combined total of 720 articles. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline, after screening the titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria, the remaining 47 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 29 studies were included. Findings revealed that VITT cases are strongly related to viral vector-based vaccines, which are the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (95%) and the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (4%), with much rarer reports involving messenger RNA-based vaccines such as the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (0.2%) and the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (0.2%). The most severe manifestation of VITT is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with 317 cases (70.4%) and the earliest primary symptom in the majority of cases is headache. Intravenous immunoglobulin and non-heparin anticoagulant are the main therapeutic options for managing immune responses and thrombosis, respectively. As there is emerging knowledge on and refinement of the published guidelines regarding VITT, this review may assist the medical communities in early VITT recognition, understanding the clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria as well as its management, offering a window of opportunity to VITT patients. Further larger sample size trials could further elucidate the link and safety profile.