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The human AQP4 gene : Definition of the locus encoding two water channel polypeptides in brain
LU, MINGOI,LEE, M.DOUGLAS,SMITH, BARBARA L.,JUNG, JIN SUP,AGRE, PETER,VERDUK, MARIAN A.J.,MERKX, GERARD,RUSS, JOHAN P.L.,DEEN, PETER M.T. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1996 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.12 No.-
The aquaporin family of membrane water transport proteins are expressed in diverse tissues, and in brain the predominant water channel protein is AQP4. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the human AQP4 cDNAs and genomic DNA. Two cDNAs were isolated corresponding to the two initiating methionines (M1 in a 323-aa polypeptide and M23 in a 301-aa polypeptide) previously indentified in rat [Jung, J. S., Bhat, R. V., Preston, G. M., Guggino, W. B. & Agre, P. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 13052-13056]. Similar to other aquaporins, the AQP4 gene is composed of four exons encoding 127, 55, 27, and 92 amino acids separated by introns of 0.8, 0.3, and 5.2 kb. Unlike other aquaporins, an alternative coding initiation sequence (designated exon 0) was located 2.7 kb upstream of exon 1. When spliced together, M1 and the subsequent 10 amino acids are encoded by exon 0; the next 11 amino acids and M23 are encoded by exon 1. Transcription initiation sites have been mapped in the proximal promoters of exons 0 and 1. RNase protection revealed distinct transcripts corresponding to M1 and M23 mRNAs, and AQP4 immunoblots of cerebellum demonstrated reactive polypeptides of 31 and 34 kDa. Using a P1 and a λEMBL subclone, the chromosomal site of the human AQP4 gene was mapped to chromosome 18 at the junction of q11.2 and q12.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These studies may now permit molecular characterization of AQP4 during human development and in clinical disorders.
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Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm in OFDMA-Based Wireless Systems with QoS Constraints
Girici, Tolga,Zhu, Chenxi,Agre, Jonathan R.,Ephremides, Anthony The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.1
In this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an OFDMA-based wireless system. The base station allocates available power and subchannels to individual users based on long term average received rates, quality of service (QoS) based rate constraints and channel conditions. We formulate and solve a joint bandwidth and power optimization problem, solving which provides a performance improvement with respect to existing resource allocation algorithms. We propose schemes for flat as well as frequency selective fading cases. Numerical evaluation results show that the proposed method provides better QoS to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes.
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Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm in OFDMA-BasedWireless Systems with QoS Constraints
Tolga Girici,Chenxi Zhu,Jonathan R. Agre,Anthony Ephremides 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.1
In this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an OFDMA-based wireless system. The base station allocates available power and subchannels to individual users based on long term average received rates, quality of service (QoS) based rate constraints and channel conditions. We formulate and solve a joint bandwidth and power optimization problem, solving which provides a performance improvement with respect to existing resource allocation algorithms. We propose schemes for flat as well as frequency selective fading cases. Numerical evaluation results show that the proposed method provides better QoS to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes.
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Targeted disruption of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger Ae2 results in osteopetrosis in mice.
Josephsen, Kaj,Praetorius, Jeppe,Frische, Sebastian,Gawenis, Lara R,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Agre, Peter,Nielsen, Søren,Fejerskov, Ole National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.5
<P>Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells responsible for constant remodeling of bone tissue and for maintaining calcium homeostasis. The osteoclast creates an enclosed space, a lacuna, between their ruffled border membrane and the mineralized bone. They extrude H(+) and Cl(-) into these lacunae by the combined action of vesicular H(+)-ATPases and ClC-7 exchangers to dissolve the hydroxyapatite of bone matrix. Along with intracellular production of H(+) and HCO(3)(-) by carbonic anhydrase II, the H(+)-ATPases and ClC-7 exchangers seems prerequisite for bone resorption, because genetic disruption of either of these proteins leads to osteopetrosis. We aimed to complete the molecular model for lacunar acidification, hypothesizing that a HCO(3)(-) extruding and Cl(-) loading anion exchange protein (Ae) would be necessary to sustain bone resorption. The Ae proteins can provide both intracellular pH neutrality and serve as cellular entry mechanism for Cl(-) during bone resorption. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Ae2 is exclusively expressed at the contra-lacunar plasma membrane domain of mouse osteoclast. Severe osteopetrosis was encountered in Ae2 knockout (Ae2-/-) mice where the skeletal development was impaired with a higher diffuse radio-density on x-ray examination and the bone marrow cavity was occupied by irregular bone speculae. Furthermore, osteoclasts in Ae2-/- mice were dramatically enlarged and fail to form the normal ruffled border facing the lacunae. Thus, Ae2 is likely to be an essential component of the bone resorption mechanism in osteoclasts.</P>
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