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Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of Fatty Acids
Afreen JAILANI,Ye Seul KIM,Jintae LEE 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Fatty acids (FAs) have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. Since many microbes respond differently to a variety of natural and synthetic FAs, substantial efforts have been made to understand the unique features of FAs that function as antimicrobials at high doses and biofilm inhibitors at low doses. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging antibiofilm properties of FAs and their relations to virulence and quorum sensing, such as diffusible signal factors (DSFs), acyl-homoserine lactones, and autoinducer-2 systems. Several FAs mimic DSFs and control motility, fimbriae, hyphae, and biofilm development as well as virulence characteristics of diverse microbes. The findings of FAs as antibiofilm and antivirulence agents will provide a new paradigm to cope with recalcitrant pathogens.
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Divya Chauhan,Shagufta Afreen,Shruti Mishra,Nalini Sankararamakrishnan 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.55 No.-
A novel amine functionalized Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers mat decorated with zinc (A/Zn/PAN) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for the decontamination of chemical and biological contaminants. The loading capacity of the chromium (Cr (VI)) and congo red (CR) dye on A/Zn/ PAN nanofiber mat were approximately 23 and 25 mg/g, respectively. Various adsorption parameters like pH, kinetics, dose rate were ascertained by using batch adsorption experiments. Using XPS studies a suitable mechanism has been proposed for the adsorption. The nanofiber mat was found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains.
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Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Growth of Candida albicans by Medium-chain Fatty Acids
Ye Seul KIM,Afreen JAILANI,Jintae LEE 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
C. albicans biofilms are tolerant of conventional antifungal therapeutics and the host immune system. The transition of yeast cells to hyphae is considered a key step in C. albicans biofilm development, and this transition is inhibited by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. We hypothesized that fatty acids mimicking farnesol might influence hyphal and biofilm formation by C. albicans. Among 31 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, six medium-chain saturated fatty acids, that is, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, and lauric acid, effectively inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation by more than 75% at 2 ㎍/ml. These six fatty acids at 2 ㎍/ml and farnesol at 100 ㎍/ml inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation. The addition of fatty acids to C. albicans culture decreased the productions of farnesol and sterols. Furthermore, the down-regulations of several hyphal and biofilm related genes caused by heptanoic or nonanoic acid closely resembled the changes caused by farnesol. In addition, the most active nonanoic acid diminished C. albicans virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results suggest that medium-chain fatty acids more effectively inhibit hyphal growth and biofilm formation than farnesol.
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Reverse engineering and formulation by QBD of olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution
Zahid Zaheer Ahmed,Furquan Nazimuddin Khan,Darakhshan Afreen Shaikh 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3
Reverse engineering of innovator product’s formulation is a cost-effective strategy for accelerating generic product development. The total market share for olopatadine hydrochloride (OLH) ophthalmic solution used as an antihistamine in US is nearly $230 million dollars. By using ‘Differential solubility technique’ and 32 factorial designs for separation of components, nine different batches were prepared. The separated quantities of OLH and excipients i.e. benzalkonium chloride (BKC), sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium phosphate dibasic ( Na2HPO4) were 0.111, 0.01, 0.65 and 0.5 g respectively. Statistical analysis by ANOVA resulted significant model having P values <0.0001 for BKC and 0.0001 for OLH. X-ray diffraction study revealed that separated OLH was found to be polymorphic form A with characteristic 2θ values of 15.44°, 17.55°, 18.20°, 18.971°, 20.58°, 20.68°, 23.89°, 25.30°, 28.25°. The differential scanning calorimetry of OLH gave an endothermic peak at approximately 255 °C. The refractive index of separated BKC was 1.4. Based upon the reverse engineering data generic form of OLH was prepared with pH of 7.1 ± 0.3; osmolarity of 302 ± 1.5 mOsmol/l, assay of 99 ± 2% and viscosity of 0.9715 ± 0.12 pas. The prepared generic formulation of OLH is equivalent and stable with marketed formulation of OLH.
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Khurshid, Amna,Faridi, Naveen,Arif, Afreen M.,Naqvi, Hanna,Tahir, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease amongst young women. If we review local data in Pakistan then breast cancer represents approximately a third of all cancers in females. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) world per 100,000 is 53.8 and crude incidence rate is 30.9. We have observed during our surgical pathology practice and it is also reported by other Asian studies that breast carcinoma is amongst the leading malignancies in the region and the patients are at least a decade younger than counterparts in developed nations. Age is an important issue in effective screening, diagnosis and management of breast cancer, especially in this geographical region where late presentation and poor prognosis are a hallmark of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of malignant breast lesions in symptomatic young females presenting with breast lumps. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the Pathology Department, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Descriptive and pathology data of malignant breast tumors 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2009 were reviewed, using the departmental archived data. It included both male and female patients up to the age of 25 years. Results: A total of 714 surgical specimens from/of symptomatic breast lesions were received at the pathology department of Liaquat National Medical, in the five years study period, in young females. There were 575 (80%) benign, 119 (16%) inflammatory and 20 (2.8%) malignant lumps. Conclusions: The obtained data for females only up to 25 years of age suggest a massive burden which requires urgent attention. Early assessment of lesions is essential in order to avoid mortality from malignancies.
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Dashtdar, Mehrab,Dashtdar, Mohammad Reza,Dashtdar, Babak,Khan, Gazala Afreen,Kardi, Karima KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from Phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts, Acacia catechu (L.F.), Momia (Shilajit), Castanea sativa, and Ephedra sinica stapf, with combination of a sweet gel medium, including honey, maple saps, Phoenix dactylifera L. (date), pomegranate extract and Azadirachta indica gum as a stabilizer. The combinations were screened by using a well-diffusion assay with cloxacillin as a control. Pseudomonas spp. was tested with our novel antimicrobial compound. The zones of inhibition in agar culture were measured for each individual component and for the compound, and the results were compared with those of the control group which had been treated with cloxacillin. Data were expressed as means ${\pm}$ standard deviations. Quantitative analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results: The antibiotic effect of the Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was statistically shown to be more significant than that of cloxacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our novel approach to fighting the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas proved to be successful. The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was found to be suitable for use as an alternative medicine and bioactive dressing material, for the treatment of patients with various types of wounds, including burns, venous leg ulcers, ulcers of various etiologies, leg ulcers on the feet of diabetic, unhealed graft sampling sites, abscesses, boils, surgical wounds, necrotic process, post-operative and neonatal wound infection, and should be considered as an alternative to the usual methods of cure.
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Mehrab Dashtdar,Mohammad Reza Dashtdar,Babak Dashtdar,Gazala Afreen Khan,Karima Kardi 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from Phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts, Acacia catechu (L.F.), Momia (Shilajit), Castanea sativa, and Ephedra sinica stapf, with combination of a sweet gel medium, including honey, maple saps, Phoenix dactylifera L. (date), pomegranate extract and Azadirachta indica gum as a stabilizer. The combinations were screened by using a well-diffusion assay with cloxacillin as a control. Pseudomonas spp. was tested with our novel antimicrobial compound. The zones of inhibition in agar culture were measured for each individual component and for the compound, and the results were compared with those of the control group which had been treated with cloxacillin. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviations. Quantitative analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results: The antibiotic effect of the Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was statistically shown to be more significant than that of cloxacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our novel approach to fighting the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas proved to be successful. The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was found to be suitable for use as an alternative medicine and bioactive dressing material, for the treatment of patients with various types of wounds, including burns, venous leg ulcers, ulcers of various etiologies, leg ulcers on the feet of diabetic, unhealed graft sampling sites, abscesses, boils, surgical wounds, necrotic process, post-operative and neonatal wound infection, and should be considered as an alternative to the usual methods of cure.
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Afiq-Firdaus Aminudin Muhammad,Safuan Che Din Mohd,Shafie Suhaidi,Izhar Lila Iznita,Awalludin Ezmahamrul Afreen,Ahmad Muhammad Faiz,Johari Nur Arbaeen Mohd,Bachok Zainudin 한국해양과학기술원 2023 Ocean science journal Vol.58 No.2
Tropical coral reef fish assemblages in the South China Sea (SCS) have not been well-studied; thus, this research investigated the species richness of coral reef fishes at Pulau Bidong and the surrounding islands of Terengganu, Malaysia. Fish surveys were conducted using the Stereo-Diver Operated Video System (Stereo-DOVs) technique from July to October 2019 at 14 sites with different underwater reef structural features. A total of 8259 individuals and 52 reef fish species belonging to 14 families with a density of 23.597 ind. m− 3 were identified and counted from the surveys. Among the families, Scaridae (parrotfish— herbivore), Labridae (wrasse—invertivore), Serranidae (grouper—carnivore), Lutjanidae (snapper—carnivore), and Chaetodontidae (butterflyfish—corallivore) were commonly recognized as indicator fishes for reef health. Based on trophic groups, the proportion of herbivores was significantly highest (51%), followed by carnivores (26%), invertivores (21%) and corallivores (2%). Among the indicator species, Scarus psittacus (Scaridae—parrotfish; Common Parrotfish, 0.829 ind. m− 3) was predominant, followed by Lutjanus lutjanus (Lutjanidae—snapper; Bigeye Snapper, 0.463 ind. m− 3) and Thalassoma lunare (Labridae—wrasse; Moon Wrasse, 0.229 ind. m− 3). The fish communities found at each station were 80% similar between locations. The density at each station ranged from 0.280 to 4.834 ind. m− 3, the diversity index (H′) recorded was between 2.186 and 3.492 and evenness (J′) ranged from 0.610 to 0.862. The high abundance and diversity and significant proportion of indicator fishes might indicate that the coral reef ecosystems at Pulau Bidong and surrounding islands are in good condition. This study offers significant ecological data on fish assemblages of tropical coral reef ecosystems, specifically in the SCS region on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
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