복합레진 수복 시 재접착 술식이 미세누출에 미치는 영향

이미애,서덕규,손호현,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.3

복합레진 수복시, 일반적으로 연마, 산부식, 수세 및 건조 단계를 거쳐 저점도 레진을 적용하는 재접착 술식을 통해 예상되는 수축간극을 봉쇄한다. 그러나, 이 과정은 재접착제 적용 이전에 물이나 잔사가 간극을 매워버릴 수 있어 그 효과가 의심된다. 본 실험에서는 연마 단계 이전, 즉 복합레진을 중합한 직후에 재접착제를 도포한다면 변연누출을 더 줄일 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험을 위해 35개의 발거한 대구치에서 협면과 설면에 교합면 변연은 법랑질에, 치은측 변연은 상아질에 위치하는 5급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동은 Z250 (3M ESPE, USA)로 충전하였고, 접착제로는 AdperTM Single Bond 2(3M ESPE)을 사용하였다. 재접착제로는 Biscover LV (Bisco, USA) 레진 전색제와 ScotchBond Multi-purpose system(3M ESPE)의 접착제, 및 점도가 낮은 실험용 접착제를 연마 전 또는 일련의 연마 및 산부식 후 수복물의 변연에 적용하였다. 2% 메틸렌 블루 용액에 네 시간 동안 침적한 뒤 교합측 및 치은측 변연에서의 색소 침투 깊이를 광학 입체 현미경으로 측정하였다. 재접착제의 점도와 변연미세누출의 상관관계도 평가하였다. 재접착 술식, 재접착제, 및 변연의 위치, 그 각각에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 그러나, 재접착 술식을 시행하지 않은 대조군의 경우에는 세 가지 재접착제를 사용한 재접착군에 비해 치은측 변연에서 미세누출이 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 대조군과 재접착군의 미세누출의 차이는 교합측 변연에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 연마 및 산부식 후 치은변연에 재접착제를 적용한 경우에서 약한 음의 상관관계(r = -0.326, p = 0.041)를 보인 경우를 제외하고는, 재접착제의 점도와 미세누출은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. During a composite resin restoration, an anticipating contraction gap is usually tried to seal with low-viscosity resin after successive polishing, etching, rinsing and drying steps, which as a whole is called rebonding procedure. However, the gap might already have been filled with water or debris before applying the sealing resin. We hypothesized that microleakage would decrease if the rebonding agent was applied before the polishing step, i.e., immediately after curing composite resin. On the buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 extracted human molar teeth, class V cavities were prepared withthe occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. They were restored with a hybrid composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE, USA) using an adhesive AdperTM Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE). As rebonding agents, BisCover LV (Bisco, USA), ScotchBond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M ESPE) and an experimental adhesive were applied on the restoration margins before polishing step or after successive polishing and etching steps. The infiltration depth of 2% methylene blue into the margin was measured using an optical stereomicroscope. The correlation between viscosity of rebonding agents and mciroleakage was also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage within the rebonding procedures, within the rebonding agents, and within the margins. However, when the restorations were not rebonded, the microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than those groups rebonded with 3 agents (p < 0.05). The difference was not observed at the occlusal margin. No significant correlation was found between viscosity of rebonding agents and microleakage, except very weak correlation in case of rebonding after polishing and etching at gingival margin (r = -0.326, p = 0.041).

미백물질로써 폴리페놀 화합물의 분리 및 화학구조

김주덕,손애량 東國專門大學 1999 金龜論叢 Vol.7 No.1

우리는 미백제 개발 연구의 일환으로 한국산 지유로부터 새로운 procyanidin류를 분리하였고, thiolysis, desulfurization, methylation, tannase 처리 및 기기 분석에 의해 구조를 결정한 결과 flavan-3-ol 이량체에 gallate한 분자가 결합된 procyandin B-3 3-O-gallat였다. 이 화합물의 효소저해 효과를 관찰한 결과 tyrosinasesms 100μM에서 약 50%의 저해 효과가 있었다.

소규모 베이커리에서의 HACCP적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가

엄애선,권성희,정덕화,오상석,이헌옥 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Recently, the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system has been emphasized in food processing industries throughout the world. However, the system has, as yet, not been applied very well to domestic food industries. Due to the increase in the consumption of bakery products, more studies are required on the application of HACCP to establish the system in small-scale bakeries. This study was designed to provide basic data for setting management standards for HACCP, based on microbiological hazard evaluations of bakery products. Red bean paste filled breads, custard cream filled breads and cakes covered with fresh whipping cream were collected, and microbiological evaluations conducted on the raw materials, the manufacturing processes and potential hazards. The result showed the presence of coliforms in fresh cream of cakes and the soybean paste of soybean paste breads at levels as high as 105 CFU/g on the hazard analysis of the raw materials. Moreover, the general levels of bacteria and coliforms were over those of the standards during the intermediate fermentation and molding processes. Furthermore, high levels of coliforms were detected on the hands of the salesmen and bakers themselves. This suggests that the CCPs (Critical Control Points), such as fresh cream and red bean paste manufacturing process desperately require better management. There is also a requirement for education relating to personal hygiene for the production of hygienic bakery products and for the publics health.

일부 한국인의 혈청 ceruloplasmin 정상 참고치 설정 및 질환별 비교 : Comparison of Its Level among Various Diseases

이동수,박애자,박정덕,장임원,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1999 中央醫大誌 Vol.24 No.1

Ceruloplasmin has been investigated as one of the useful biologic index for early diagnosis of atherolsclerosis. However, there was no normal reference value taking into account the confounders in Korea. This study was performed to estimate the normal reference values and present the confounders of ceruloplasmin. Also we compared of serum ceruloplasmin levels among normal reference group and three abnormal groups: 475 healthy subjects, 53 liver dysfunctions, 72 positive test of chronic inflammatory diseases, and 89 hypercholesterolemias. Mean serum ceruloplasmin level of healthy subjects were 41.6±7.6㎎/㎗ in males and 42.1±7.2㎎/㎗ in females, respectively. It was tend to increase of ceruloplasmin by age in both sexes. However, the statistical difference was not found by age group between both sexes. Statistically significant correlations were found between serum ceruloplasmin and age, body mass index(BMI), white blood cell(WBC) and triglyceride(TG) in males and age, BMI, WBC and total cholestrol(TG) in females. After adjustment for age, BMI,WBC and TG in males and age, BMI, WBC and TG in females, significant elevations of serum ceruloplasmin were found in liver dysfunction(p=0.0077) and positive test of chonic inflammatory disease(p=0.0217) in males and in oisitive test of chronic inflammatory disease(p=0.0023) and hypercholestolemia(p=0.0124) in females relative to healthy reference subjects. There is no statistical difference among liver dysfunction, postive test of chronic inflammatory disease, and hypercholesterolemia.

정밀주조 다이캐스팅을 이용한 자동차 레귤레이터 하우징 성형해석에 관한 연구

성백섭,김미애,차용훈,김정대,김덕중,이연신 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

The casting defects that are caused by molten metal were cold shut formation, entrapment of air, gas, and inclusion. But the control of casting defects has been based on the experience of the foundry engineers. In this thesis, the computer simulation analyzed the flow of molten metal. The quantitative analyses which proposed the effective mold design was executed Flow patterns of 0.1-0.16m/s molten metal in 15mm thin plate casting were investigated in order to optimize die-casting process. As increasing ingate velocity in thin plate casting, cold shot was decreased. The parameters of runner shape that affected on the optimized conditions that was calculated with simple equation were investigated. These die casting process control techniques of automobile regulator housing parts have achieved good agreement with the experimental data of tensile strength, hardness test, and material structure photographies satisfactory results.

초등학교 급식소에서의 HACCP 적용을 위한 계절별 환경미생물학적 위해분석

권성희,이헌옥,정덕화,신원선,엄애선 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Foodservice at elementary schools has been povided nation-wide. It is predictable that foodborne diseases would increase continuously. Formation of a counterplan is urgently needed. This study was designed to identify the stage which contains the critical control points (CCPs) for the microbiological management of HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) at the foodservice provided at elementary schools. Foodservice places at four elementary schools in Seoul were sampled and the overall hygiene of cooking, utensils and equipment, employees, and environment by season were examined. The results showed that the number of bacteria in overall samples was increased and that E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by biochemical test emerged in more diverse samples in summer than in spring. Particularly, the number of aerial bacteria in summer was three-fold greater than that in either spring or winter. E. coli 0157 was not detected, although Salmonella was identified by PCR analysis in the meat Knives, chopping boards, waste bins and meat dish at elementary school foodservice. According to this data, cross-contamination should be managed in the stage of mixing up the ingredients with improper equipments and insanitary treatments. Thus, the establishment of SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) at elementary school foodservice is stringently required, along with sanitation education for workers and employees as CCPs.

사업체 급식의 HACCP 제도 도입을 위한 인지도 조사

이헌옥,심재영,신현아,정덕화,엄애선 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

For the introduction of HACCP to industry food service, a survey was conducted from 150 dieticians and 40 managers on their recognition on HACCP system. The questionnaire of the survey included the status of current food safety management, management responsibilities, recognition on HACCP, problems in HACCP introduction. The majority of respondents was satisfied with the current food safety management, and the food service managers were more confident than dieticians in terms of food safety. Foodservice managers (100%) and dieticians (96%) recognized HACCP system; however, they responded the application of HACCP to industry food service were only 27% and 12.5%, respectively. They pointed out the reasons that they cannot introduce HACCP to their industry food service were the lack of benefits and good facilities. Dieticians strongly recognized the need of correction of food safety management in industry food service, compared with food service managers. The results suggest that the introduction of HACCP to industry food service should be accomplished by continuous education and information on food safety, improving facilities and a variety of benefits to HACCP-implemented companies from the government.

한국인의 식품 영양조사 : 제3보

安富浩,柳彦浩,鄭碩敎,金乙祥,洪性愛,徐德揆 한림대학교의료원 1977 人間科學 Vol.1 No.1

家族計劃實踐方法에 對한 比較硏究

金德愛(Duck Ae Kim) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 1969 보건학논집 Vol.6 No.2

2005년부터 2015년까지 미혼한부모자정책분석 -제주특별자치도를 중심으로

임애덕 ( Ae Duck Im ) 제주대학교 탐라문화연구소 2015 탐라문화 Vol.0 No.50

본 논문은 길버트와 테렐(2013)의 선택의 차원이라는 정책분석틀을 적용함으로써 2005년부터 2015년까지 10년간 제주특별자치도의 미혼한부모를 위한 사회복지정책을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 누가 정책수혜자인가에 대한 할당기반의 차원은 선별적 복지인 미혼모시설중심구호에서 지역사회복지에 기반한 재가 미혼한 부모자에게로 확대되었다. 둘째로 사회정책급여도 시설서비스에서 시설, 개인이용권(바우처), 현금, 교육서비스, 주택서비스, 그리고 직업훈련과 근로장려세제, 교육청의 청소년한부모 대안위탁교육지원 등 매우 다양한 형태의 서비스로 확대 되었다. 셋째, 미혼한부모자의 서비스전달체계는 중앙정부, 제주특별자치도, 그리고 행정시 등 미혼한부모자 복지서비스전달체계에 많은 변화가 있었다. 할당기반이 확대됨에 따라 서비스전달체계도 시설서비스와 재가서비스로 확대되었지만, 중앙정부와 제주특별자치도지방정부에서는 여성가족정책과 기초생활보장이 이원화된 체계를 가지는데, 행정시에서 기초생활보장으로 일원화되는 경향을 보여주었다. 2005년부터 실시된 지방분권화정책으로 국고지원비율은 감소하고 지방비 비율이 증가함에 따라, 신규 사업에 대한 억제와 지역자체사업이 경우 유사중복사업이 종료될 위기를 보여주고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 국고지원방식이 범주적 보조금에서 포괄보조금으로 지원됨에 따라 지역사회복지정책의 안정성이 흔들릴 수 있음을 보여주었다. 넷째, 제주특별자치도 미혼한부모 사회복지 서비스의 재원조달방식은 의료비와 같은 사회보장세 이외 서비스는 절대적으로 일반 조세에 의존하고 있고, 기업과 개인의 자발적 기부금은 미혼한부모정책서비스에 아직까지 미미한 것으로 나타났으며, 서비스이용료는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 첫째, 사실혼관계의 미혼한부모자의 경우에도 정책수혜자로 적용될 필요가 있으며, 둘째, 미혼모의 학교복귀를 위한 사회인식개선이 필요할뿐만 아니라, 재가 미혼한부모자의 수가 급증함에 따라 한부모가족지원법의 한부모가족상담소의 활성화를 통해 현재 시설미혼모대상의 대안위탁교육서비스가 재가 미혼부들에게 확대 적용할 필요가 있고, 셋째, 생활보장만이 아니라 시대별지역별 차별화된 다양한 가족들의 욕구를 반영할 수 있는 정책개발과 서비스전달을 위해 여성정책과 가족정책과를 분리한 전달체계를 확립할 필요가 있다. 뿐만 아니라 지방정부의 부담 증가는 미혼한부모자 정책의 안정성을 흔들 수 있으므로 관련된 지방조례로서 안전장치를 만들 필요가 있다. 넷째, 거의 100% 조세에 의존하고 있으므로 민간재원을 개발하기 위해 기업의 사회공헌 프로그램을 적극 개발할 필요가 있다. This study is aimed at analyzing social policy for the unmarried / single parent in Jeju Province, South Korea over a 10-year period from 2005 to 2015, by applying the policy analysis frame of dimensions of choice by Gilbert and Terrell (2013). Analysis result is as follows: first, the allocation dimension of who benefits has been extended from selectivity of shelter-oriented service to universalism of community-based welfare service, which includes not only the unmarried woman with baby but also unmarried father with baby. Second, social provisions have been enlarged and varied, ranging from simple shelter service to many more various types including shelter, voucher, cash, educational service, housing service and job training service etc., as shelter service was changed into home-care service. Thirdly, delivery system for unmarried single parent has been changed considerably, from central governmental level through Jeju Special Provincial government level to Jeju City government. Research results found that all levels of government should reorganize and reform the service delivery system for the unmarried / single parent, currently separated and specialized only in family problems, to meet the needs of various family types including an increasing amount of single parents. Fourth, as financial resources of categorical grants from central government to local government have been changed into block grants, community social policy service can affect policy stability. Thus, local communities should establish local ordinances to stabilize all community social policy. Consequently, this policy analysis found that social welfare service for the unmarried / single parent has been expanded while the financial resource limitation of local government can undermine the policy stability in the near future.