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Mobile Sink Path Planning in Heterogeneous IoT Sensors: a Salp Swarm Algorithm Scheme
( Ranida Hamidouche ),( Zibouda Aliouat ),( Ado Adamou Abba Ari ),( Abdelhak Gueroui ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.6
To assist in data collection, the use of a mobile sink has been widely suggested in the literature. Due to the limited sensor node’s storage capacity, this manner to collect data induces huge latencies and drop packets. Their buffers will be overloaded and lead to network congestion. Recently, a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm appeared. Researchers were inspired by the swarming mechanism of salps and thus creating what is called the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA). This paper improves the sink mobility to enhance energy dissipation, throughput, and convergence speed by imitating the salp’s movement. The new approach, named the Mobile Sink based on Modified Salp Swarm Algorithm (MSSA), is approved in a heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) data collection. The performance of the MSSA protocol is assessed using several iterations. Results demonstrate that our proposal surpass other literature algorithms in terms of lifespan and throughput.
Bayram Ateş,Erol Şadoğlu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.4
If the rigidity and the bearing capacity of the soil under a superstructure are not efficient to bear loads of structures, a common remedy is to increase the depth of the footing to transmit loads to soil layers having high bearing capacity (well graded dense gravel, gravelly sand, hard clay, rock, etc.) by using the pile group. Piled raft foundation (PRF) has come a significant footing system of late years due to that it combines load-carrying capacities of piles and raft. Therefore, extensive empirical, numeric and analytical studies have been carried out for reliable design of these footing system. Nonetheless, the load sharing ratio (LSR) between the driven piles and the raft received no attention from researchers. It is aimed to examine the LSR between the driven pile group and the raft in this study. Therefore, a testing apparatus was set up, and loading tests were carried out including the raft and the piled raft cases. Thus, the LSR of the piles and the raft were measured by means of the tests, and the effect of the pile length and relative density on this ratio was also investigated. The model of the test setup was determined numerically for same loading conditions and the material properties by using ABAQUS software. From the test and finite element analysis results, it has been found that rafts share foundation loads at such levels that should not be ignored. Vertical settlements of raft foundations at certain loads are found to be greater than the settlements of piled raft foundations at the same loads. Relative density was observed to be effective in the range of 1 − 2% on the LSR of the piles in PRFs. In addition to this, the length of the pile was found to be more effective on this ratio in the range of 11 − 14%.
Experimental Investigation for Group Efficiency of Driven Piles Embedded in Cohesionless Soil
Bayram Ateş,Erol Şadoğlu 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.12
In cases where stiffness and bearing capacity of soil aren’t sufficient to carry loads of a structure, depth of the foundation of the structure can be increased by using a pile group to transmit the loads to the soil layers with high bearing capacity. The behaviour of the pile group is discrepant with the response of a single pile due to the pile-pile and the pile-soil interactions. Therefore, extensive experimental and numerical studies have been performed for reliable and economical design of the pile groups. Even so, group efficiency (η) received no attention from researchers. Therefore, it is intended to investigate experimentally the group efficiency in this study. The pile groups with different pile spacings were tested in sandy soil with loading tests. The tests were performed at various relative densities and L/D ratios with the pile groups. After the small-scale tests, the determined group efficiency was compared with the existing methods. As a result, the influences of the pile length, diameter, spacing, and relative density on the group efficiency are investigated. From the results of the tests, it was found that although the conventional empirical formulas on pile group behaviour is that group efficiency is smaller than 1, the group efficiency for driven piles in cohesionless soils ranged between about 1.31 and 1.66 in this study.
An ALMA [C ii] Survey of 27 Quasars at<i>z</i>> 5.94
Decarli, Roberto,Walter, Fabian,Venemans, Bram P.,Bañ,ados, Eduardo,Bertoldi, Frank,Carilli, Chris,Fan, Xiaohui,Farina, Emanuele Paolo,Mazzucchelli, Chiara,Riechers, Dominik,Rix, Hans-Walter,Str American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.854 No.2
Dust Emission in an Accretion-rate-limited Sample of <i>z</i> ≳ 6 Quasars
Venemans, Bram P.,Decarli, Roberto,Walter, Fabian,Bañ,ados, Eduardo,Bertoldi, Frank,Fan, Xiaohui,Farina, Emanuele Paolo,Mazzucchelli, Chiara,Riechers, Dominik,Rix, Hans-Walter,Wang, Ran,Yang, Yu American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.866 No.2