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( Alidu Abubakari ),( Sabogu-s Raymond ),( Han-shin Jo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.10
Full Dimension multiple input multiple output (FD-MIMO) architecture employs a planar array design at the Base Station (BS) to provide high order multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) via simultaneous data transmission to large number of users. With FD-MIMO, the BS can also adjust the beam direction in both elevation and azimuth direction to concentrate the energy on the user of interests while minimizing the interference leakage to co-scheduled users in the same cell or users in the neighboring cells. In a typical highly populated macrocell environment, modelling the elevation angular characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) channel is critical to understanding the performance limits of the FD-MIMO system. In this paper, we study the throughput performance of FD-MIMO system with varying elevation angular spread and inter-element spacing using a 3D spatial channel model. Our results show that for a typical urban scenario, horizontal beamforming with correlated antenna spacing achieves optimal performance but by restricting the spread of elevation angles of departure, elevation beamforming achieves high array gain with wide inter-element spacing. We also realize significant gains due to spatial array processing via modelling the elevation domain and varying the inter-element spacing for both the transmitter and receiver.
Women Vulnerability to Climate Change
Farida Abubakari 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2017 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.7
Ghana s geographical location makes it particularly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change in Ghana has led to an increase of the temperatures, frequency, and severity of extreme weather phenomena, flood, and a general decrease in rainfall. Women constitute about 80% of the agricultural work force and they do a lot of physical work especially in extreme high temperatures, which have long-term consequences on their health and fatigue levels and affect agricultural productivity and sustainable farming. Temperatures could reach about 41 degrees and could increase the risk of cardiovascular or heart diseases, death and meningitis illness, especially among women farmers in the Northern part of Ghana. Pregnant women as well as their babies are also exposed to cholera, malaria and sometimes they become homeless when the place gets flooded with water. In addition, as food shortage becomes more severe and frequent, the health of women suffers a lot as they often reduce how much they eat and sacrifice their diets for other family members. This paper, therefore, attempts to reveal how climate change affects the health of vulnerable women/farmers in Ghana.
Her Voice is Silenced because She is a Woman: The Case of Ghana
Fariya Abubakari 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2016 No.7
Women constitute most farmers in Ghana and do most of the agricultural work where all the times are found outdoors using hoe, cutlass and shovel to farm in all types of weather especially in summer heat and humidity when crop production are in full swing. The sun helps to sustain crops but its intensity has led to Cerebro-spinal Meningitis illness to children and women farmers especially in the northern part of Ghana. Yet most agricultural and economic policies are not visible inclusive of women. Discrimination against women in agriculture, especially smallholder women farmers is a serious injustice which must be shunned. There is widening gender gaps that exist in access to productive resources that are against women. This makes it difficult for them to move the old aged subsistence farming to market oriented production. It is a crime for a woman to own a piece of land and rear animals in northern part of the country, making it difficult for women farmers in some communities to support their children’s education. Women are poorer than men because they are often denied equal rights and opportunities, lack access to assets and do not have the same entitlements as men. They also carry the burden of reproductive and care work and represent the majority of unpaid labour. This paper tends to reveal ways women are being shunned in various aspects of lives and how it affects them negatively in Ghana.
Alidu Abubakari,Sabogu Sumah Raymond,조한신 한국전자통신연구원 2017 ETRI Journal Vol.39 No.2
Research interest in three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D-MIMO) beamforming has rapidly increased on account of its potential to support high data rates through an array of strategies, including sector or user-specific elevation beamforming and cell-splitting. To evaluate the full performance benefits of 3D and full-dimensional (FD) MIMO beamforming, the 3D character of the real MIMO channel must be modeled with consideration of both the azimuth and elevation domain. Most existing works on the 2D spatial channel model (2D-SCM) assume a wide range for the distribution of elevation angles of departure (eAoDs), which is not practical according to field measurements. In this paper, an optimal FD-MIMO planar array configuration is presented for different practical channel conditions by restricting the eAoDs to a finite range. Using a dynamic network level simulator that employs a complete 3D SCM, we analyze the relationship between the angular spread and sum throughput. In addition, we present an analysis on the optimal antenna configurations for the channels under consideration.