Nature of Complex Network of Dengue Epidemic as a Scale-Free Network

Hafiz Abid Mahmood Malik,Faiza Abid,Nadeem Mahmood,Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin,Asif Malik 대한의료정보학회 2019 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: Dengue epidemic is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that has gained considerable attention due to its injurious effects. The focus of this study is to statically analyze the nature of the dengue epidemic network in terms of whether it follows the features of a scale-free network or a random network. Methods: A multifarious network of Aedes aegypti is addressed keeping the viewpoint of a complex system and modelled as a network. The dengue network has been transformed into a one-mode network from a two-mode network by utilizing projection methods. Furthermore, three network features have been analyzed, the power-law, clustering coefficient, and network visualization. In addition, five methods have been applied to calculate the global clustering coefficient. Results: It has been observed that dengue epidemic follows a powerlaw, with the value of its exponent γ = –2.1. The value of the clustering coefficient is high for dengue cases, as weight of links. The minimum method showed the highest value among the methods used to calculate the coefficient. Network visualization showed the main areas. Moreover, the dengue situation did not remain the same throughout the observed period. Conclusions: The results showed that the network topology exhibits the features of a scale-free network instead of a random network. Focal hubs are highlighted and the critical period is found. Outcomes are important for the researchers, health officials, and policy makers who deal with arbovirus epidemic diseases. Zika virus and Chikungunya virus can also be modelled and analyzed in this manner.

Protein Transmission, Seeding and Degradation: Key Steps for α-Synuclein Prion-Like Propagation

Abid Oueslati,Methodios Ximerakis,Kostas Vekrellis 한국뇌신경과학회 2014 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.23 No.4

Converging lines of evidence suggest that cell-to-cell transmission and the self-propagation of pathogenic amyloidogenic proteinsplay a central role in the initiation and the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. This “prion-like” hypothesis hasbeen recently reported for α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and relateddisorders. This review summarizes recent findings on α-synuclein prion-like propagation, focusing on its transmission, seeding anddegradation and discusses some key questions that remain to be explored. Understanding how α-synuclein exits cells and propagatesfrom one brain region to another will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PD, aiming atslowing or stopping the disease progression.

AJFCode: An Approach for Full Aspect-Oriented Code Generation from Reusable Aspect Models

Abid Mehmood,Dayang N. A. Jawawi 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.6

Model-driven engineering (MDE) and aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) contribute to the common goal of development of high-quality code in reduced time. To complement each approach with the benefits of the other, various methods of integration of the two approaches were proposed in the past. Aspect-oriented code generation, which targets obtaining aspect-oriented code directly from aspect models, offers some unique advantages over the other integration approaches. However, the existing aspect-oriented code generation approaches do not comprehensively address all aspects of a model-driven code generation system, such as a textual representation of graphical models, conceptual mapping, and incorporation of behavioral diagrams. These problems limit the worth of generated code, especially in practical use. Here, we propose AJFCode, an approach for aspect-oriented model-driven code generation, which comprehensively addresses the various aspects including the graphical models and their text-based representation, mapping between visual model elements and code, and the behavioral code generation. Experiments are conducted to compare the maintainability and reusability characteristics of the aspect-oriented code generated using the AJFCode with the most comprehensive object-oriented code generation approach. AJFCode performs well in terms of all metrics related to maintainability and reusability of code. However, the most significant improvement is noticed in the separation of concerns, coupling, and cohesion. For instance, AJFCode yields significant improvement in concern diffusion over operations (19 vs 51), coupling between components (0 vs 6), and lack of cohesion in operations (5 vs 9) for one of the experimented concerns.

Arsenic(V) biosorption by charred orange peel in aqueous environments

Abid, Muhammad,Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Farooqi, Abida,Ok, Yong Sik,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Ali, Fawad,Ali, Shafaqat,Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani,Arshad, Muhammad Taylor Francis 2016 International journal of phytoremediation Vol.18 No.5

Interannual rainfall variability and ECMWF‐Sys4‐based predictability over the Arabian Peninsula winter monsoon region

Abid, Muhammad Adnan,Kucharski, Fred,Almazroui, Mansour,Kang, In‐,Sik John WileySons, Ltd 2016 Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Soci Vol.142 No.694

<P>Interannual winter rainfall variability and its predictability are analysed over the Arabian Peninsula region by using observed and hindcast datasets from the state-of-the-art European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) seasonal prediction System 4 for the period 1981-2010. An Arabian winter monsoon index (AWMI) is defined to highlight the Arabian Peninsula as the most representative region for the Northern Hemispheric winter dominating the summer rainfall. The observations show that the rainfall variability is relatively large over the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. The correlation coefficient between the Nino3.4 index and rainfall in this region is 0.33, statistically significant at the 90% level, suggesting potentially some modest predictability, and indicating that El Nino increases and La Nina decreases the rainfall. Regression analysis shows that upper-level cyclonic circulation anomalies that are forced by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are responsible for the winter rainfall anomalies over the Arabian region. The stronger (weaker) mean transient-eddy activity related to the upper-level trough induced by the warm (cold) sea-surface temperatures during El Nino (La Nina) tends to increase (decrease) the rainfall in the region. The model hindcast dataset reproduces the ENSO-rainfall connection. The seasonal mean predictability of the northeast Arabian rainfall index is 0.35, statistically significant at the 95% level. It is shown that the noise variance is larger than the signal over the Arabian Peninsula region, which tends to limit the prediction skill. The potential predictability is generally increased in ENSO years and is, in particular, larger during La Nina compared to El Nino years in the region. Furthermore, central Pacific ENSO events and ENSO events with weak signals in the Indian Ocean tend to increase predictability over the Arabian region.</P>

Medicinal Chemistry : Enhanced oral bioavailability of fenofibrate using polymeric nanoparticulated systems: physicochemical characterization and in vivo investigation

( Abid Mehmood Yousaf ),( Dong Wuk Kim ),( Yu Kyoung Oh ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Han Gon Choi ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-

Background: The intention of this research was to prepare and compare various solubility-enhancing nanoparticulated systems in order to select a nanoparticulated formulation with the most improved oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble fenofibrate. Methods: The most appropriate excipients for different nanoparticulated preparations were selected by determining the drug solubility in 1% (w/v) aqueous solutions of each carrier. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanospheres, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) nanocorpuscles, and gelatin nanocapsules were formulated as fenofibrate/PVP/sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), fenofibrate/HP-β-CD, and fenofibrate/gelatin at the optimized weight ratios of 2.5:4.5:1, 1:4, and 1:8, respectively. The three solid-state products were achieved using the solventevaporation method through the spray-drying technique. The physicochemical characterization of these nanoparticles was accomplished by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Their physicochemical properties, aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and pharmacokinetics in rats were investigated in comparison with the drug powder. Results: Among the tested carriers, PVP, HP-β-CD, gelatin, and SLS showed better solubility and were selected as the most appropriate constituents for various nanoparticulated systems. All of the formulations significantly improved the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of fenofibrate compared to the drug powder. The drug was present in the amorphous form in HP-β-CD nanocorpuscles; however, in other formulations, it existed in the crystalline state with a reduced intensity. The aqueous solubility and dissolution rates of the nanoparticles (after 30 minutes) were not significantly different from one another. Among the nanoparticulated systems tested in this study, the initial dissolution rates (up to 10 minutes) were higher with the PVP nanospheres and HP-β-CD nanocorpuscles; however, neither of them resulted in the highest oral bioavailability. Irrespective of relatively retarded dissolution rate, gelatin nanocapsules showed the highest apparent aqueous solubility and furnished the most improved oral bioavailability of the drug (~5.5-fold), owing to better wetting and diminution in crystallinity. Conclusion: Fenofibrate-loaded gelatin nanocapsules prepared using the solvent-evaporation method through the spray-drying technique could be a potential oral pharmaceutical product for administering the poorly water-soluble fenofibrate with an enhanced bioavailability.

BER of Fast Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Over Flat Rayleigh Fading Channel in Hostile Jammers

Abid Yahya,Othman Sidek,Prof. Farid Ghani 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

This paper demonstrates the execution and performance of frequency hopping spread spectrum system employing noncoherent frequency shift keyed (NCFSK) modulation. Fast frequency hopping is exploited as a diversity technique over flat Rayleigh fading channel with partial band noise jamming and additive white noise Gaussian (AWGN). The potentiality of the aforementioned system has then, ascertained by measuring the probability of error. The simulation results evince that the chance of getting 0 errors falls to about 1 percent. The overall fast frequency hopping (FFH) system has approximately 29 percent chance of producing 35 errors or less.

Linear low-density polyethylene gasification over highly active Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst for enhanced hydrogen generation

Abid Farooq,Surendar Moogi,장성호,KANNAPU HARI PRASAD REDDY,Soheil Valizadeh,Ashfaq Ahmed,Su Shiung Lam,박영권 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.94 No.-

Steam-gasification of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) waste to hydrogen-rich gas has beenstudied systematically over nickel (10 wt.%) loaded on a variety of supports (Al2O3, CeO2, and CeO2-ZrO2)synthesized using a novel solvent deficient method (SDM). The hydrogen selectivity order of the catalystswas reported as Ni/CeO2-ZrO2>Ni/CeO2>Ni/Al2O3. The highest catalytic H2 selectivity of the Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst was reported to be76 vol.%, and was attributed to the smaller nickel crystals that werefinely dispersed on the support, and to formation of Ce1-xZrxO2-d solid solutions. The Ce1-xZrxO2-d solidsolution in the Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst was observed to be bi-functional, thus reflecting the acceleration ofthe water gas shift and the oxidation of carbon to CO and CO2. The better resistance of the Ni/CeO2-ZrO2catalyst towards coke deposition also indicated its potential for commercial-scale applications for thesteam gasification of plastics. Therefore, this research provides an advanced route to recycle LLDPE plasticwaste into hydrogen fuel, which presents both economical and environmental benefits.

Emulsification of the Mixture of Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil Obtained under Methane and Nitrogen Environment in Diesel Using Span 80 and Atlox 4916 as Surfactants

( Abid Farooq ),( Young-kwon Park ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.3

Emulsions were prepared using a mixture of bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of sawdust in an N₂ environment and Quercus mongolica in a CH₄ environment for both non-catalytic and catalytic cases. Both prepared emulsions were examined by measuring the physical stability and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The emulsion with HLB 5.8 (Span 80 and Atlox 4916) for the ratio of bio-oil (B-oil and C-oil): surfactant: diesel = 10% : 3% : 87% showed stability for 15 days. Combining oils produced in N₂ and CH₄ environments could be a potential solution for generating high-quality emulsions with a high heating value.

Article 25 as an Alternate Way to Resolve the Crisis of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism: A Chinese Perspective

Abid Shah Jillani,Ximei Wu 이준국제법연구원 2021 China and WTO Review Vol.7 No.1