Isolation and characterization of Bradh1 gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

Abdula, Sailila E.,Lee, Hye-Jung,Melgar, Reneeliza J.,Sun, Mingmao,Kang, Kwon-Kyoo,Cho, Yong-Gu The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous $NAD^+$ regeneration. It also plays an important role in many plant developments including tolerance to anoxia condition. Here, a cDNA clone encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) seedlings. The gene named Bradh1 had a total length of 1,326 bp that contains a single open reading frame of 1,140 bp. The predicted protein consists of 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41.17 kDa. Expression pattern analysis revealed a tissue-specific expressing gene in different tissues and strongly expressed in the shoot, roots and seeds of Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium transformation of full-length cDNA Bradh1 into rice Gopumbyeo showed high efficiency. Furthermore, induction of ADH in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to anaerobiosis stresses and elevated mRNA transcripts. The overexpression of Bradh1 in rice increases germination under anaerobiosis stresses, implying the possibility of developing new varieties suited for direct seeding or flood-prone rice field.

Overexpression of BrCIPK1 Gene Enhances Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Increasing Proline Biosynthesis in Rice

Abdula, Sailila E.,Lee, Hye-Jung,Ryu, Hojin,Kang, Kwon Kyoo,Nou, Illsup,Sorrells, Mark E.,Cho, Yong-Gu Springer-Verlag 2016 Plant molecular biology reporter Vol.34 No.2

<P>The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) pathway is emerging as a major signaling pathway in plants. To understand the function of CIPK, the gene named BrCIPK1 from Brassica rapa were introduced into rice. Characterization of BrCIPK1 gene showed a 1982 bp, containing 1509 bp coding region and 502 amino acids. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged BrCIPK1 was observed exclusively in the cytoplasmic and peripheral regions in the plant cell. Gene expression showed that its messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription in B. rapa was differentially accumulated in the presence of cold, salinity, and drought, indicating its biological roles in multiple stress response pathways in plants. Furthermore, Ubi-1::BrCIPK1 rice lines showed significantly higher biomass, water content, and proline and free sugar content relative to those in the wild-type Gopum. The BrCIPK1 interacted with rice calcineurin B-like protein 1 and 5 (OsCBL1, OsCBL5), suggesting that it is activated by Ca2+-bound CBLs in the cytosol by calcium spiking and regulates its downstream target proteins in these regions to increase abiotic stress tolerance. The results imply that BrCIPK1 gene may be involved in stress adaptations through the activation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase in the proline biosynthetic pathway. In this paper, a hypothetical mechanism of elevated tolerance to cold, drought, and salinity is presented.</P>

BrUGE1 transgenic rice showed improved growth performance with enhanced drought tolerance

Abdula, S. E.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, J.,Niñ,o, M. C.,Jung, Y.-J.,Cho, Y.-C.,Nou, I.,Kang, K.-K.,Cho, Y.-G. JAPANESE SOCIETY OF BREEDING 2016 Breeding science Vol.66 No.2

Overexpression of BrUGE1 encoding UDP-glucose-4-epimerase increases tolerance to galactose and enhances rice yield

Sailila E Abdula,Hye-Jung Lee,Moo-Geun Jee,Dae-Won Jang,Franz Nogoy,Kwon Kyoo Kang,Yong-Gu Cho 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) catalyzes the reversible conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose. The gene, named BrUGE1, isolated from a Chinese cabbage had a total length of 1,328 bp that contains a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1,056 bp which encodes a polypeptide of 351 amino acid residues with a calculated mass of 39.0 kDa. Sequence analysis of BrUGE1 protein has the characteristic of an active site tetrad and NAD-binding motif (typically TGXXGXXG) of the extended short chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (SRD) superfamily. Expression analysis showed that BrUGE1 is tissue specific and highly expressed in stem of rice plant. Interestingly, BrUGE1 mRNA was highly accumulated by drought stress with significantly higher amount of soluble sugar. Morphological evaluation showed an increase in yield by 27%. Panicle length, number of productive tillers/hill, and filled spikelets were significantly increased by 17~20% compared to the wild type Gopum. Moreover, the growth of the wild type Gopum seedlings on galactose was increasingly inhibited with a decrease in UDP-glc epimerase 1 expression compared to the transgenic rice lines. In the Ubi-1::BrUGE1 lines, the increase of UDP-glc epimerase 1 expression was apparently sufficient to overcome the toxic effects of galactose. Taken together, the Ubi-1::BrGUE1 rice lines increased yield probably by increasing the rate of filled grains. The enhanced drought tolerance may be due to the induction of soluble sugar which may act as osmolyte to compensate dehydration during drought stress.

Identification of genes with abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic rice lines using FOX-hunting system

Sailila E Abdula,Hye-Jung Lee,Moo-Geun Jee,Dae-Won Jang,Marjohn Nino,Yong-Gu Cho,Kwon Kyoo Kang 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

The latest report on draft genome of Brassica rapa sequence has been published. To elucidate the functions of a large population of these genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting system was used. The FOX library was transformed into rice by Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Approximately 1,150 FOX-rice lines were generated. Genomic PCR analysis indicated that the average length of FL-cDNAs was 900∼1,200 bp with functional annotation of many unknown function (35.5%). Most of the randomly selected transgenic rice lines showed overexpression (92%) and barely mRNA expression in the wild type Gopum. Moreover, 94% of the 850 transgenic rice lines were moderately tolerant (slightly yellow) to cold and 9 lines were tolerant (seedling light green). For the salinity evaluation, most of the transgenic lines (85%) were highly susceptible whereas seven lines were tolerant. In addition, morphological evaluation of rice lines showed minimal phenotypic alteration (12%). About 25.1 and 22% were earlier in terms of days to heading and chlorophyll contents, respectively. Further, 18% of FOX rice lines showed lower chlorophyll contents. Filled grains, number of tillers, panicle length, culm and plant height were relatively less variable among the lines. These results provided useful genes for functional analyses in the mechanisms of identified transgenic tolerant lines.

RESEARCH ARTICLES : Development and Identification of Transgenic Rice Lines with Abiotic Stress Tolerance by using a Full-length Overexpressor Gene Hunting System

( Sailila E. Abdula ),( Hye Jung Lee ),( Moo Geun Jee ),( Yu Jin Jung ),( Kwon Kyoo Kang ),( Ill Sup Nou ),( Sang Bok Lee ),( Won Ha Yang ),( Yong Gu Cho ) 한국육종학회 2013 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.1 No.1

The latest report on the draft genome of Brassica rapa sequence has been published. To elucidate the functions of these genes and to efficiently search for agriculturally useful genes, a Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting system was used. The FOX library from Chinese cabbage was introduced into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Approximately 1,150 FOX-rice lines were generated. Genomic PCR analysis indicated that the average length of FL-cDNAs introduced into individual lines was 900~1,200 bp. Basic Local Alignment System Tool (BLAST) analysis of the FL-cDNA genes revealed that 35.5% have unknown function. Most of the randomly selected transgenic rice lines showed overexpression (92%) of these genes relative to the wild-type Gopum. Moreover, 94% of the 850 transgenic rice lines were moderately tolerant (slightly yellow) to cold and 9 lines were tolerant (seedlings were light green). Morphological evaluation of the transgenic rice lines showed minimal phenotypic alteration (12%). Approximately 25.1% and 22% of the plants were significantly ahead in the days to heading and had elevated chlorophyll content, respectively. Other agronomic traits such as filled grains, number of tiller, panicle length, and culm and plant height were relatively less variable among the transgenic lines. These results provide a resource for defining genes that are associated with tolerance in transgenic rice lines.

Isolation and characterization of Bradh1 gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

Sailila E. Abdula,이혜정,Reneeliza J. Melgar,Mingmao Sun,강권규,조용구 한국식물생명공학회 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous NAD^(+) regeneration. It also plays an important role in many plant developments including tolerance to anoxia condition. Here, a cDNA clone encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) seedlings. The gene named Bradh1 had a total length of 1,326 bp that contains a single open reading frame of 1,140 bp. The predicted protein consists of 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41.17 kDa. Expression pattern analysis revealed a tissue-specific expressing gene in different tissues and strongly expressed in the shoot, roots and seeds of Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium transformation of full-length cDNA Bradh1 into rice Gopumbyeo showed high efficiency. Furthermore, induction of ADH in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to anaerobiosis stresses and elevated mRNA transcripts. The overexpression of Bradh1 in rice increases germination under anaerobiosis stresses, implying the possibility of developing new varieties suited for direct seeding or flood-prone rice field.

The Historical Astronomic Observatory and Calendar of the Village of Graw, Northern Iraq

Rzger Abdulkarim ABDULA 계명대학교 실크로드 중앙아시아연구원 2023 Acta Via Serica Vol.8 No.2

The astronomic observatory of Graw Village is located on Mount Dari Lolikan, facing the village. Graw is located in the foothills of Mount Ser-i-Rash, 25 km northeast of Erbil Governorate, Iraq. This study attempts to clarify the foundations of this observatory, its components, as well as the founder and the date of its establishment. The study made efforts to clarify the benefits of this calendar to local residents in their daily lives. The database for this study is based on direct observation of the observatory station. The observation included the recording date and position of sunset and the appearance of stars throughout the year. Observation and documentation for both sunset and stars were performed over several years due to weather conditions since observation was not possible on foggy and rainy days and nights. Each observation took five to ten minutes depending on the clarity of the sky. The observatory consists of a group of stone cones. Each cone was built by stones in a specific location after careful and long observation of the sunset. Efforts were made to observe the disappearance and reappearance of the stars based on the change in the position of the Earth in relation to the sun. Graw’s calendar helped to recognize important times of the year, such as the winter and summer forties, which were very important, especially when snow covered the roads, transportation stopped, crops spoiled, and pets stayed in their barn. The most important features of the winter forties are the memories, experiences, and minds of the villagers’ ancestors. The forties were associated with the arrival of cold and heavier rain throughout the year, which is consistent with modern science, as the angle at which the Earth rotates increases the number and activity of weather depressions that affect the study area during this period. This observatory has a close connection with the daily life of the villagers, especially in the past centuries. It helped the people of the area in their appointments to carry out their work in the field of agriculture. The observatory was also of great importance in the field of education in the past centuries, especially in traditional religious schools. It also appears from this research that the calendar has ancient roots, which extend back thousands of years, as evidenced by the Ezidis who follow an ancient religion whose roots extend back thousands of years and who fast during both the winter and summer forties annually, with the participation of people in various regions of the world. It is not known who made this astronomic observatory but most of the oral information that has been passed down to us by word of mouth agrees on both Mullah Abdullah Al-Kurdi and Mullah Omar. Likely, this astronomic observatory was built around the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

Molecular Characterization of BrCIPK3 Encoding Calcium Interacting Protein Kinase from Chinese Cabbage

Sailila E. Abdula,Hye Jung Lee,Ming Mao Sun,Moo Geun Jee,Kwon Kyu Kang,Hong Sig Kim,Yong Gu Cho 한국육종학회 2011 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.43 No.-

Development and abiotic stress screening of transgenic rice with FL-cDNA derived from Brassica rapa

Sailila E. Abdula,Sung Hee Kim,Hye Jung Lee,Rae Young Suk,Sang Hyuk Lee,Ming Mao Sun,Kwon Kyu Kang,Bo Kyeong Kim,Dong Sub Kim,Sun Hee Woo,Hong Sig Kim,Yong Gu Cho 한국육종학회 2010 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.42 No.1