Diversity of Macromoths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) in the Poring Hill Dipterocarp Forest, Sabah, Borneo

Abang F.,Karim Catherine Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1

The diversity and abundance of the macromoths were investigated in a hill dipterocarp forest, Poring, Sabah, using modified Pennsylvanian light traps conducted bimonthly for a total of 24 nights from March through December 1999. The light-traps were set for five continuous nights for every two months during the study period. A total of 1,169 species from 9,624 individuals and 15 families of the macromoths were recorded. The overall species diversity index for the macromoths was found to be extremely high ($348.56{\pm}12.56\;(95\%\;confidence range))$. The hill dipterocarp forest at Poring was characterized by the dominance of Noctuidae and Geometridae and the presence of the single species of the Bornean Brahmaeidae and five rarely encountered species of Saturniidae. The results of this study show that most common species in Poring are Asura sp. (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), Chamaita trichopteroides Walker (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), Asura bizonoides Walker (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae) and Heterostegane warreni Prout (Geometridae: Ennominae. These species could be considered as characteristic of the hill dipterocarp macromoth fauna. Twenty-five percent of the total species collected (298 species) are considered as rare species, being represented by single individuals, or singletons. These singletons were highly represented in the Geometridae ($33\%$), followed by Noctuidae ($24\%$) and Lymantriidae ($11\%$). Species diversity of the macromoth in Poring is further discussed.

Diversity of Macromoths (Lepidoptera : Heterocera) in the Poring Hill Dipterocarp Forest, Sabah, Borneo

F. Abang,Catherine Karim 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1

The diversity and abundance of the macromoths were investigated in a hill dipterocarp forest, Poring, Sabah, using modified Pennsylvanian light traps conducted bimonthly for a total of 24 nights from March through December 1999. The light-traps were set for five continuous nights for every two months during the study period. A total of 1,169 species from 9,624 individuals and 15 families of the macromoths were recorded. The overall species diversity index for the macromoths was found to be extremely high (348.56±12.56 (95% confidence range)). The hill dipterocarp forest at Poring was characterized by the dominance of Noctuidae and Geometridae and the presence of the single species of the Bornean Brahmaeidae and five rarely encountered species of Saturniidae. The results of this study show that most common species in Poring are Asura sp. (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), Chamaita trichopteroides Walker (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), Asura bizonoides Walker (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae) and Heterostegane warreni Prout (Geometridae: Ennominae. These species could be considered as characteristic of the hill dipterocarp macromoth fauna. Twenty-five percent of the total species collected (298 species) are considered as rare species, being represented by single individuals, or singletons. These singletons were highly represented in the Geometridae (33%), followed by Noctuidae (24%) and Lymantriidae (11%). Species diversity of the macromoth in Poring is further discussed.

Effective compressive strength of strut in CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete deep beams following ACI 318-11

Mohammad Panjehpour,Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,Yen Lei Voo,Farah Nora Aznieta 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2014 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.13 No.1

Strut-and-tie model (STM) has been recommended by many codes and standards as a rationalmodel for discontinuity regions in structural members. STM has been adopted in ACI building code foranalysis of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams since 2002. However, STM recommended by ACI 318-11is only applicable for analysis of ordinary RC deep beams. This paper aims to develop the STM for CFRPstrengthened RC deep beams through the strut effectiveness factor recommended by ACI 318-11. Two setsof RC deep beams were cast and tested in this research. Each set consisted of six simply-supportedspecimens loaded in four-point bending. The first set had no CFRP strengthening while the second wasstrengthened by means of CFRP sheets using two-side wet lay-up system. Each set consisted of six RC deepbeams with shear span to effective depth ratio of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00.The value of struteffectiveness factor recommended by ACI 318-11 is modified using a proposed empirical relationship in thisresearch. The empirical relationship is established based on shear span to effective depth ratio.

Energy absorption of reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with CFRP sheet

Mohammad Panjehpour,Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,Farah Nora Aznieta 국제구조공학회 2014 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.16 No.5

The function of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement in increasing the ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam is important in such shear-sensitive RC member. This paper aims to investigate the effect of CFRP-strengthening on the energy absorption of RC deep beams. Six ordinary RC deep beams and six CFRP-strengthened RC deep beams with shear span to the effective depth ratio of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00 were tested till failure in this research. An empirical relationship was established to obtain the energy absorption of CFRP-strengthened RC deep beams. The shear span to the effective depth ratio and growth of energy absorption of CFRP-strengthened deep beam were the significant factors to establish this relationship.

Repair of precracked RC rectangular shear beams using CFRP strip technique

Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad,Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,J. Jayaprakash,Ashrabov Anvar Abbasovich 국제구조공학회 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.4

The exploitation of fibre reinforced polymer composites, as external reinforcement is an evergreen and well-known technique for improving the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. The demand to use FRP composites in the civil engineering industry is mainly due to its high strength, light weight, and stiffness. This paper exemplifies the shear strength of partially precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams repaired with externally bonded Bi-Directional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Fabrics strips. All specimens were cast in the laboratory environment without any internal shear reinforcement. The test parameters were longitudinal tensile reinforcement, shear span to effective depth ratio, spacing of CFRP strips, and orientation of CFRP reinforcement. It mainly focuses on the shear capacity and modes of failure of the CFRP strengthened shear beams. Results have shown that the CFRP repaired beams attained a shear enhancement of 32% and 107.64% greater than the control beams. This study underscores that the CFRP strip technique significantly enhanced the shear capacity of precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams without any internal shear reinforcement.

Repair of precracked RC rectangular shear beams using CFRP strip technique

Jayaprakash, J.,Samad, Abdul Aziz Abdul,Abbasovich, Ashrabov Anvar,Ali, Abang Abdullah Abang Techno-Press 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.4

The exploitation of fibre reinforced polymer composites, as external reinforcement is an evergreen and well-known technique for improving the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. The demand to use FRP composites in the civil engineering industry is mainly due to its high strength, light weight, and stiffness. This paper exemplifies the shear strength of partially precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams repaired with externally bonded Bi-Directional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Fabrics strips. All specimens were cast in the laboratory environment without any internal shear reinforcement. The test parameters were longitudinal tensile reinforcement, shear span to effective depth ratio, spacing of CFRP strips, and orientation of CFRP reinforcement. It mainly focuses on the shear capacity and modes of failure of the CFRP strengthened shear beams. Results have shown that the CFRP repaired beams attained a shear enhancement of 32% and 107.64% greater than the control beams. This study underscores that the CFRP strip technique significantly enhanced the shear capacity of precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams without any internal shear reinforcement.

A new precast wall connection subjected to monotonic loading

Ramin Vaghei,Farzad Hejazi,Hafez Taheri,Mohd Saleh Jaafar,Abang Abdullah Abang Ali 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2016 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.17 No.1

Final construction project cost is significantly determined by construction rate. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) was promoted to enhance the importance of prefabrication technology rather than conventional methods in construction. Ensuring the stability of a building constructed by using IBS is a challenging issue. Accordingly, the connections in a prefabricated building have a basic, natural, and essential role in providing the best continuity among the members of the building. Deficiencies of conventional precast connections were observed when precast buildings experience a large induced load, such as earthquakes and other disasters. Thus, researchers aim to determine the behavior of precast concrete structure with a specific type of connection. To clarify this problem, this study investigates the capacity behavior of precast concrete panel connections for industrial buildings with a new type of precast wall-to-wall connection (i.e., U-shaped steel channel connection). This capacity behavior is compared with the capacity behavior of precast concrete panel connections for industrial buildings that used a common approach (i.e., loop connection), which is subjected to monotonic loading as in-plane and out-of-plane loading by developing a finite element model. The principal stress distribution, deformation of concrete panels and welded wire mesh (BRC) reinforcements, plastic strain trend in the concrete panels and connections, and crack propagations are investigated for the aforementioned connection. Pushover analysis revealed that loop connections have significant defects in terms of strength for in-plane and out-of-plane loads at three translational degrees of freedom compared with the U-shaped steel channel connection.

Environmental quality and economic growth: A panel analysis of the “U” in Kuznets

( Usenobong F. Akpan ),( Dominic E. Abang ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2015 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.20 No.3

The primary motivation behind this study was to search for evidence of the link between environmental quality and economic growth so as to answer the relevant question of whether economic growth alone could serve as a long-run solution to environmental damage as implied by the EKC hypothesis. Here we analyze the relationship using a panel of 47 countries over the period 1970 -2008. Using Random-effect estimation and two-stage least squares, our results lead to the following conclusions: relying on a quadratic model can easily mislead researchers to ratify the existence of EKC; the EKC hypothesis ceased to hold whenever an alternative functional form (cubic) is employed. At best, the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is shown to be typified by an N-shaped curve. The paper maintains that simply waiting for an automatic arrival of a delinking point for environmental damage given long-run growth will not be a feasible solution to environmental quality. Proactive policies and measures are required to mitigate the problem.

The Determinants and Barriers of Outsourcing Third-Party Online Delivery: Perspectives of F&B Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

Kit-Yeng SIN,May-Chiun LO,Abang Azlan MOHAMAD 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5

Online food delivery and food delivery apps have continued to grow exponentially in Malaysia. Fundamental aspects in entrepreneurship of the food and beverage industry, such as knowledge and attitudes towards online food delivery services being outsourced, have yet to be extensively recognized. The present study intends to explore this area of subject matter within the Malaysian context by using behavioral reasoning theory. The actual interview for this study took place in May 2020, and 14 interviews had been carried out. All interviews were audio-recorded with the consent from the respondents for reference purposes and subsequently transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then checked against audio records. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts by focusing on n frequency counts and coding of themes. A qualitative method has been adopted by employing an interview to elicit the perspectives of entrepreneurs from Sarawak on the determinants and barriers in outsourcing online food delivery services. Results indicate that high potential in revenue, broad exposure to reach customers, convenience, and provision of job opportunities are the four factors that determine to outsource. In contrast, food quality maintenance, trustworthiness, high cost incurred, and consumer technology resistance are four factors that serve as barriers towards outsourcing third-party online delivery.

Genus Thubana Walker of the Malaysian Borneo (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae), with Descriptions of Seven New Species

Kyu-Tek Park,Kazuhiro Sugisima,Fatimah Abang 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.2

The genus Thubana Walker, 1864 of the Malaysian Borneo is revised. Nine species are recognized including seven new species. The new species are: T. kumatai sp. nov., T. kubahensis sp. nov., T. kinabaluensis sp. nov., T. ochracea sp. nov., T. quadrata sp. nov., T. prolata sp. nov., and T. spinata sp. nov.. With regard to the previously known species, photos of adults and the male or female genitalia are given, with some taxonomic notes. A key to the Thubana species of the Malaysian Borneo is provided.