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CLUB CONVERGENCE ACROSS INDIAN STATES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
ARFAT AHMAD SOFI,S. RAJA SETHU DURAI 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.4
This study evaluates the Pair-wise approach (Pesaran, 2007) and Spatial Interaction Models to examine the income convergence across 22 Indian States from 1981-82 to 2010-11. Our findings identify a small number of pairs that support income convergence; however, overall there is no evidence of club convergence in Indian states. While considering these pairs as a measure of neighborliness in spatial models, there are evidences of convergence with significant spatial interaction that provides two inferences. First, a transitional behavior of Indian states towards higher steady state is evident and second, using only geographic boundary as a measure of neighborliness can underestimate the spatial interaction in a highly technologically connected world.
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Arfat Anis,Kunal Pal,Sai Sateesh Sagiri,Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan,Gauri Shankar Shaw,Meenakshi Singh 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.5
The current study describes the effect of the concentration of Span 60 (gelator) on the properties of oleogels. Mustard oil was chosen as the representative vegetable oil. Microscopy showed that an increase in the gelator concentration resulted in the increase in the gelator network density. Thermal studies (crystallization kinetics and differential scanning calorimetry) indicated a 2-stage crystallization process. An increase in the gelator proportion resulted in the increase in the compatibility amongst the oleogel components. The formation of gelator network was governed by the interaction amongst the hydroxyl groups of Span 60. A variation in the gelator proportion resulted in the alteration in the d-spacing, crystallite size and lattice strain. The variation in the above-mentioned properties was found to affect the viscoelastic properties of the oleogels as was predicted from the Weichert model. The drug release studies suggested that the drug diffusion due to the gelator network relaxation during drug release was predominant as compared to the Fickian diffusion. The results suggested that it is possible to alter not only the release profile of drugs but also the physical properties (of the oleogels) by tailoring the gelator concentration.
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Poulose, Anesh Manjaly,Elnour, Ahmed Yagoub,Anis, Arfat,Shaikh, Hamid,Al-Zahrani, S.M.,George, Justin,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Usman, Adel R.,Ok, Yong Sik,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Sarmah, Ajit K. Elsevier 2018 The Science of the total environment Vol.619 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The application of biochar (BC) as a filler in polymers can be viewed as a sustainable approach that incorporates pyrolysed waste based value-added material and simultaneously mitigate bio-waste in a smart way. The overarching aim of this work was to investigate the electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of biocomposite developed by utilizing date palm waste-derived BC for the reinforcing of polypropylene (PP) matrix. Date palm waste derived BC prepared at (700 and 900°C) were blended at different proportions with polypropylene and the resultant composites (BC/PP) were characterized using an array of techniques (scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy). Additionally the thermal, mechanical, electrical and rheological properties of the BC/PP composites were evaluated at different loading of BC content (from 0 to15% w/w). The mechanical properties of BC/PP composites showed an improvement in the tensile modulus while that of electrical characterization revealed an enhanced electrical conductivity with increased BC loading. Although the BC incorporation into the PP matrix has significantly reduced the total crystallinity of the resulted composites, however; a positive effect on the crystallization temperature (T<SUB>c</SUB>) was observed. The rheological characterization of BC/PP composites revealed that the addition of BC had minimal effect on the storage modulus (G′) compared to the neat (PP).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Date palm waste derived biochar was used as filler for polymer composites' applications. </LI> <LI> Biochar/polypropylene (BC/PP) composites' properties such as electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological were investigated. </LI> <LI> The BC/PP composites' surface resistivity was decreased by four orders of magnitude. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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