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Alison Robin,Anne Sauvaget,Thibault Deschamps,Samuel Bulteau,Véronique Thomas-Ollivier 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.12
Objective The current study aimed to examine whether specific features of psychomotor retardation (PMR) and cognitive functioning established different profiles in unipolar (UD) and bipolar depression (BD). Methods Two groups of age-matched patients with UD (n=54) and BD (n=20) completed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS/60), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA/30), and the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale (SRRS/60). We analyzed the group effect and then performed intra-group analyses. Results The BD patients have higher SRRS score, and lower MoCA score than UD despite no difference on the level of depression between UD and BD. Our results show that PMR can be predicted by the level of depression in UD and by the cognitive alteration and onset of disease in BD. Conclusion PMR is a relevant marker of depression. Our results highlight the importance of concomitant evaluation of psychomotor and cognitive functions in the distinction of UD and BD symptoms.
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The "Century of Humiliation," Then and Now: Chinese Perceptions of the International Order
Alison Adcock Kaufman 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2010 Pacific Focus Vol.25 No.1
Chinese elites today offer at least three views of how China should interact with other nation-states. All three draw on the “Century of Humiliation” (1839-1949) as a starting points: current-day arguments about the nature of international competition, the reasons that nations succeed or fail in the international arena, and the prospects for long-term global peace and cooperation draw not just on China’s experiences during that period, but on the vocabulary and debates that Qing- and republican-era intellectuals developed to understand the modern international system. The three views all start from the implicit premise that today’s international system has not changed in its essence from the 19th century: the world is composed of strong and weak nation-states that vie for dominance on the global stage. They differ, however, on whether this state of affairs is permanent and on what global role China should seek. Some assert that the international system still revolves around Western interests that seek to subjugate and humiliate weaker nations, and that China’s bitter experiences during the “Century of Humiliation” should provide a cautionary tale against engaging too closely with other nations under this system. They suggest that China’s leaders should tread cautiously in their interactions with the “strong nations” of the world. A second viewpoint suggests that that the current system is acceptable now that China can play a prominent role in it. They assert that China’s period of humiliation and subjugation has ended, and China should now seek to ensure the stability of the system and to assure other nations of its commitment to doing so. This view tends to soften the potentially harmful or subjugating nature of a competitive international system, arguing that this dynamic can be sufficiently modified by adapting existing institutions and practices. And a third line of reasoning suggests that China is in a unique position to fundamentally remake the international system precisely because its experiences of shame and subjugation have given the Chinese people an alternate vision of how international relations can and should be conducted.
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Investigating games-centred pedagogies to enhance athlete decision making in elite coaching contexts
Alison Croad,Don Vinson 한국코칭능력개발원 2018 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.12 No.1
The purpose of this investigation was to explore how elite coaches used a games-based approach to develop decision making in their performers. The aim of the study was to examine coaches’ beliefs surrounding game-based approaches, to explore the mechanisms coaches used to facilitate enhanced athlete decision making and to investigate the nature of athletes’ contribution to these mechanisms. Three multi-method case studies were employed comprising semi-structured interviews with the coaches, focus groups with the players and both structured and unstructured observations of multiple sessions. Through the data analysis process two major themes emerged that identified the specific approaches elite coaches were using to develop decision making within their performers i) questioning and group discussions; ii) game play and scenarios. The findings identified that elite coaches who are committed to games-based approaches use similar strategies to develop decision making but often in different ways with varying impact. All coaches attempted to encourage discussions from the performers through questions and developing group debate but there is a balance to establish between coach and performer input to ensure everyone is involved and the players feel the benefit, and value this approach. There was evidence of a lack of understanding from some performers of this approach so coaches must educate the players on their chosen approach to ensure success. Scenarios and small-sided game play were also utilised and used as vehicles for reflective group discussion; however, mediating factors such as time pressure may hinder the deployment of such techniques. Future research should explore more elite contexts to better understand support that both the players and coaches may need to develop this approach successfully and consistently.
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穿着 Prada或者 Zara的時尙: 對奢侈品和大衆流行品牌的顧客感知價値的認知
( Alison E. Lloyd ),( Sherriff T. K. Luk ) 한국마케팅과학회 2010 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.1 No.3
Emerging countries such as China are fuelling the rapid growth of luxury brands. With China expected to overtake Japan as the world`s largest luxury goods market, practitioners are keen to uncover the luxury buying behavior of this eminent group. Hong Kong is a renowned haven for luxury goods and attracts the bulk of Chinese luxury shoppers. In spite of the optimistic outlook, the luxury goods market is facing a multitude of challenges including changing clientele, fierce competition from other luxury brands and even rivalry from fast fashion retailers. These forces result in an increasing crowded luxury market and consumers becoming more astute in their tastes. The intensity of these forces is compelling luxury retailers to embrace customer perceived value (CPV) as a strategic imperative to achieve customer loyalty and create competitive advantage. However, extant research on customer perceived value in the luxury retail context is scarce and current models of CPV lack important retail components. With the prolific growth of this market, unveiling the drivers of luxury consumption is imperative. Therefore this study addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating the drivers of luxury fashion CPV and examines whether they differ from the CPV drivers of mass fashion. Few studies have incorporated a mass versus class perspective, however with the prevalence of luxury dilution, understanding service evaluation at both levels is crucial. Focus groups with mainland Chinese were conducted to uncover important attributes of luxury brands and develop a list of luxury and mass fashion brands for use in collecting survey data. Findings highlighted the tendency of Chinese shoppers to judge luxury mainly on extrinsic attributes. A subsequent small scale survey (n=138) affirmed the importance of attributes such as use top quality materials, a prestigious brand image and ability of the luxury good to enhance one`s social image. Conversely attributes such as brand heritage and expensive were deemed less important features of luxury goods. The next stage of the study sampled luxury (n=282) and mass fashion (n=240) shoppers to gather data for hypotheses testing. Multigroup analysis showed significant differences between the two shopper groups and subsequent analysis was carried out on each group separately. The findings of the study show some differences in the CPV drivers between luxury and mass, with price, lower perceived risk and service quality being the top drivers of CPV in the luxury context implying the dominance of functional attributes in retail evaluation. The importance of lower perceived risk comes as no surprise given the numerous instances of deceptive counterfeit products in China. However drivers pertaining to experiential needs failed to exert significant effects on luxury shoppers` CPV. The findings imply that purchase of luxury fashion items by Chinese shoppers appears to be for the fulfillment of functional and social needs rather than experiential needs. Conversely, in the mass fashion context, price, service quality and product quality are the top drivers of CPV. The importance of these elements provides useful insight for retailers considering a masstige strategy. The implications of the findings signal luxury consumption is important in fulfilling social needs such as expressing status and wealth; hence retailers should set prices to adequately reflect the prestige level of goods. To appeal to luxury consumers who want the newest and most fashionable item, and have little concern about the price tag, luxury retailers can push more exclusive items to boost the rarity features of the brand. The desire to communicate status means retailers should select fashion items that ostentatiously display the logo or brand name in such markets. The study presents several avenues for further investigation including the exploration of luxury consumption behavior across different Chinese cities, and across cultures in light of possible social attitudes in explaining motivations. Lastly, future research may consider the presence of potential moderators such as materialism on luxury goods consumption. Taken together, these future explorations will illuminate luxury buyer behavior and provide retailers with insight when formulating strategies to serve emerging markets.
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